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1.
地理标志保护的研究和经济学分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在经济发展中,地理标志作为一种区别商品来源并能标识该商品特定品质的标志,其标识功能与经济效益之间存在极为紧密的关联性.中国作为一个具有悠久历史的农业大国,具有悠远的农耕文明,地理标志资源丰富,加强对地理标志的保护,符合我国经济发展的长远利益.从加强地理标志保护具有的现实意义出发,对地理标志保护模式进行经济学分析,并根据我国目前地理标志保护模式中存在的问题提出相应的改进措施,以提高我国地理标志资源保护的效率. 相似文献
2.
地理标志农产品种植户的生计脆弱性及影响因素研究————以陕西眉县、周至县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地理标志农产品可以促进农业绿色高质量发展,推动乡村振兴并改善种植户生计。气候变化和极端气候事件的增加可能会加剧地理标志农产品种植户的生计脆弱性。以地理标志农产品猕猴桃种植区为例,构建生计脆弱性评估框架,结合熵值法和自然断点法评估种植户的生计脆弱性,运用有序Logistic回归和夏普利值分解法探究种植户生计脆弱性的影响因素及其贡献度。结果表明：① 处于中、高度脆弱性等级的种植户所占比例较大,约占64.10%。② 猕猴桃的生产特征对生计脆弱性等级的贡献率最大为48.47%。是否采用地理标志商标、是否参与地理标志商标培训、是否采用合作生产方式生产对种植户的生计脆弱性有显著影响。③ 在猕猴桃种植特征方面,种植年限对种植户的生计脆弱性等级有显著影响,贡献率达12.20%。④ 在适应行为采用强度方面,秋季连阴雨适应行为采用强度对猕猴桃种植户的生计脆弱性等级有显著影响,贡献率达20.75%。 相似文献
3.
利用多指标综合评价法、协调发展度模型、灰色关联度模型和P-VAR模型对中国326个地级以上行政单元的地理标志农产品与农业经济的时空演化、协同发展、交互响应关系进行了综合测度。研究表明：① 地理标志农产品和农业经济发展水平均具有整体上升态势,在空间上分别呈“大分散、小集聚”和“阶梯式下降”的分布特征。② 地理标志农产品和农业经济的协调发展等级由初级协调演化为高级协调,空间差异先增大后减小;二者间具有显著的、持续强化的关联性。③ 地理标志农产品和农业经济均具有正向的自我强化与惯性增长特征,地理标志农产品对农业经济的影响程度较小,而农业经济对地理标志农产品的影响程度较大,形成倒逼作用。 相似文献
4.
Jeff Neilson 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2007,28(2):188-204
Fluctuating global commodity prices affect the livelihoods of millions of tropical farmers worldwide. In recent years, systemic oversupply of many tropical agricultural products, grown in countries such as Indonesia, has meant that agricultural incomes have continuously fallen below subsistence levels. Within an increasingly open global trade regime, along with the limited ability of governments to protect domestic farm prices, quality-informed product differentiation appears to offer an escape route from the trap of low commodity prices. However, ownership and governance of quality constructions are fundamental to determining who benefits from such differentiation. This paper examines the use of geographical identities as a specific tool for value-adding in agricultural produce, presenting the case of specialty coffee production in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The potential for producer-driven geographical indications compete with corporate-driven quality constructions, where the latter are able to appropriate place-related quality associations by using trademarks, vertical integration and tightly coordinated supply chain controls. An emergent politic of quality governance and ownership in global commodity chains reveals the highly restricted institutional terrain within which growers of specialty coffee might attempt to retain a higher share of the economic rent associated with quality production. 相似文献
5.
Geographical indications, as a form of intellectual property, are becoming increasingly important in global trade. In South Africa's trade and cooperation agreement with the European Union, problems over the use of names such as 'port' and 'sherry' provided an important obstacle to the conclusion of the trade deal. This paper argues that the conflict over geographical indications in this trade agreement must be seen in the context of broader initiatives to establish a system of protecting this form of intellectual property through the World Trade Organisation. 相似文献
6.
Mark D. Green 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):335-349
Tourism accounts for 15% of Greece’s gross domestic product. In the wake of a struggling economy many of Greece’s coastal villages have turned to tourism to supplement local economies. Preliminary analysis of structural and cultural materials recovered from an excavation on Mitrou, a small islet near the coastal village Tragana located 140 km north of Athens has established the site’s contribution to a fuller understanding of settlement practices in Central Greece from the end of the Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. The site’s historic importance combined with its scenic coastal setting has considerable potential to be developed into an important tourist site. The physical geography of the region is the product of the complex interaction of coastal, alluvial, fluvial, and seismic processes. This investigation integrates the archaeological material with a geographical analysis employing a variety of geographical techniques (soil and sediment analysis, past climatic data, environmental surveys, and geospatial modeling) to reconstruct the geomorphological history of the site and to evaluate the area as a potential tourist site. 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯高原明长城位于明万里长城的中部,是明代边防体系的重要组成部分,明长城的地理位置是当时综合自然-社会-经济诸多因素的结果。在实地考察的基础上,从地貌、气候、农牧业界线三个方面分析了明长城的地理界线意义。明长城一线是鄂尔多斯高原与黄土高原的地貌界线,长城南北地貌类型、地貌特征差异显著。明长城处在中国夏季风的尾闾,是中国季风区与非季风区、暖温带与中温带、半湿润区与半干旱、干旱区的分界线。明代鄂尔多斯高原的长城是农牧业的分野,同时鄂尔多斯高原明长城位于中国农牧交错带中部的中轴位置,明长城两侧生产方式和土地利用显著不同,具有农牧分界线的地理意义。研究结果可加深对明长城价值的认识并促进长城的遗产保护。 相似文献
8.
Christopher Airriess 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(1):6-22
The tropical fruit durian in Southeast and East Asia has witnessed a surge in popularity in the past two decades to assume the rank of a fetishized commodity. This research investigates the construction of the multidimensional concept of terroir as applied to the durian economy of Penang, Malaysia based on personal interviews with orchard owners and state government officials to strategically embed the local in the global through the promotion of agritourism. While environmental terroir is a contingent dimension, the construction of a place bound cultural terror is anchored in a strong cultivation tradition, cultivar diversity, and a historical sense of community. This research deepens the cultural terroir dimension in two ways. First, it injects the otherwise aspatial concept of refinement to the cultural terroir narratives of orchard owners allowing the on-farm tourist consumption experience to be more geographically rooted. Second, it conceptually links cultural terroir to the marketing terroir instrument of the Balik Pulau geographical indication; while functioning as a governance tool to prevent fraud and to construct a place bound product valorization and differentiation within an expanding and larger scale durian economy, it also indirectly assists in preserving agro-diversity and local identity. 相似文献
9.
J. L. Silván‐Cárdenas L. Wang F. B. Zhan 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):295-318
The degree of uncertainty of many geographical objects has long been known to be in intimate relation with the scale of its observation and representation. Yet, the explicit consideration of scaling operations when modeling uncertainty is rarely found. In this study, a neural network‐based data model was investigated for representing geographical objects with scale‐induced indeterminate boundaries. Two types of neural units, combined with two types of activation function, comprise the processing core of the model, where the activation function can model either hard or soft transition zones. The construction of complex fuzzy regions, as well as lines and points, is discussed and illustrated with examples. It is shown how the level of detail that is apparent in the boundary at a given scale can be controlled through the degree of smoothness of each activation function. Several issues about the practical implementation of the model are discussed and indications on how to perform complex overlay operations of fuzzy maps provided. The model was illustrated through an example of representing multi‐resolution, sub‐pixel maps that are typically derived from remote sensing techniques. 相似文献
10.
This article examines the geography of pisco, a South American brandy claimed as the national drink of both Peru and Chile. The historic tension between these two nations—based notably on the nineteenth‐century War of the Pacific—is used as a backdrop to understanding the cultural and political contestation over the “ownership” of this beverage. Although both countries see exportation of pisco as a means of agricultural development, much of the animosity of this trade dispute is couched in cultural and historical terms. International trade policies, including the use of geographical indications (labels of geographical origin) for the purposes of trademarking, and the physical geography that makes pisco production possible are discussed. 相似文献
11.
资本积累驱动下不同尺度地理空间的不平衡发展——史密斯马克思主义空间理论探讨 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
尼尔·史密斯是世界知名的人文地理学者和马克思主义地理学家。他在不平衡发展理论的基础上,整合马克思主义和地理学的资本周期运动、空间一体化与尺度推移等范畴,提出了实现平衡发展的途径,极大地丰富和发展了马克思主义地理学,为研究当代社会空间问题提供了更为具体的分析框架和新的理论解释。其理论的核心是把地理空间视为生产资料、社会产物以及空间关系的总和,认为地理空间生产是特定时期资本增殖的重要方式。目前中国学者虽引进其部分理论,但整体了解还比较欠缺。本文将其理论概括和梳理为空间生产、地理尺度、美式帝国主义、绅士化4个方面,分析资本积累驱动下地理空间的不平衡发展过程,深度解析社会、空间与地理的尺度交错与互动关系,阐明资本周期运动、美式帝国扩张和绅士化的逻辑关联,最后以租隙理论为主剖析了城市尺度的资本周期运动。本文旨在为国内学者研究史密斯的马克思主义空间理论以及马克思主义地理学提供纲要和逻辑线索,并为中国城市化转型和经济增长方式转变提供理论参考和方法启示。 相似文献
12.
Alan R. H. Baker 《The Professional geographer》2007,59(3):344-356
Although the term “historical geography” has been the subject of a sustained and critical debate, that of “geographical history” has not. Usage of the latter term has been variable and the epistemological status of geographical history has been ambiguous. An examination of the usage of the term “geographical history” during the past 100 years or so reveals both that it has been employed little but confusingly and that there have recently been calls for its wider adoption. Two key themes are identified in the literature: first, that of geographical history as the study of changing geographical distributions; and second, geographical history as the study of geographical (in the sense of physical environmental) influences in history. In theory it is possible to distinguish geography from history and historical geography from geographical history, but in practice it is often difficult to do so. Nonetheless, examining usage of the term matters as a contribution to the history of ideas, and identifying its common usages allows scholars to communicate with mutual understanding. 相似文献
13.
Hamzah Muzaini 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2014,35(3):382-396
The geographical literature on the politics tied to formal commemorations of the past is a burgeoning one. Yet, there has been less attention paid to similar practices undertaken by nonstate agents seeking to ensure that what is written out of official history is not forgotten. This paper explores how and why the story of Sybil Kathigasu, a woman who played a salient role in the resistance movement against the Japanese during the Second World War in Perak, Malaysia, has been peripheralized within formal memory making even as it has been informally revived elsewhere. It specifically suggests that, while the sidelining of her story may be the product of the tendency of the state of Perak to downplay its war past, Sybil's gender, race and political ideologies have also made it more difficult for her to be embraced as a ‘national’ heroine. Drawing on a private museum that was set up in her honor in Papan, the paper also reveals how factors impeding her formal remembrance also have implications for alternative efforts to recover her story. More broadly, the paper offers insights into women's absences in Malaysian public memory, and argues the need for more emphasis on memoryscapes ‘from below’ as a means of nuancing local remembrance politics. 相似文献
14.
地理学方法论演变与价值判断 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
主观和客观是地理学方法论研究的一对重要范畴。价值判断是主客观问题争论的焦点。外在的科学或哲学理论和方法论等因素为客观范畴,地理学家的价值判断、目的等方面的因素为主观范畴。客观层面的分析表明:专业化和交叉化并行的整体科学发展特征,以及科学哲学理论发展多元化的趋势强烈影响了地理学方法论;交叉化的倾向使二战以后的地理学频繁地向其它学科借鉴理论和吸取方法,从而在范围上拓展了地理学方法论;而科学哲学理论从范式、研究纲领向多元主义的演替路径使地理学方法论也经历了单一范式向多元主义发展的过程;科学社会学理论的发展使地理学家深切认识到制度、社会文化背景和语言修辞对地理学的强烈影响。主观层面的分析表明:研究者不可能摆脱他的价值判断,价值判断也不可能"中立"于研究对象;在处理价值判断与研究对象之间关系时,研究者要持有审慎的态度和逻辑严整性的原则。在科学研究的目的论上,研究者最终应该具有一种人本主义的"自向性",即从认识研究对象回复到认识自身。从客观和主观结合的角度看,方法论是科学发展的一般规则与研究者个性和目的相结合的产物。 相似文献
15.
地理距离对互联网社会中网络信息传播的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
随着互联网技术的高速发展,地理距离在信息化时代下是否仍然起作用引起了争议,地理距离是否已死成为关系到地理学科安身立命的重大命题。本文选取两档具有代表性的综艺节目为例,基于网络上的节目百度指数测度节目的信息关注度,分析节目关注度的时空变化,检验地理距离对信息关注的影响。结果表明,在控制其他因素后,地理距离在网络信息传播与接收中仍然起到不可忽视的作用,即离播出地区距离越远,节目关注度越低,尤其在信息传播初期更为明显;随着时间的向后推移,地理距离的作用也在逐渐变弱。研究认为,即使在即时信息传播的互联网时代,包括地理距离在内的地理因素仍然至关重要。 相似文献
16.
Natural Gas Hydrate Stability in the East Coast Offshore-Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The methane hydrate stability zone beneath the Canadian East Coast oceanic margin has developed to a depth of more than 600 meters beneath the deep water column in the area of the deep shelf and the slope. This zone is continuous spreading from the Labrador continental shelf in the north to the slope of the Nova Scotia shelf in the south. Gas hydrates within the methane hydrate stability zone are detected only in one situation, however, they are numerous in the deeper zone in which type II gas hydrates are present through the whole area at water depths as low as 100-200 m. Well-log indications of gas hydrate situated deeper than the base of the methane hydrate stability zone may be an indication of wetter, compositionally more complicated hydrates that probably are not of bacterial only origin. This could indicate a deep thermogenic source of gas in hydrates. The presence of hydrates in the upper 1000 m of sediments also can be considered as an indicator of deeper hydrocarbon sources. 相似文献
17.
Richard Howitt 《The Australian geographer》1993,24(1):33-44
Difficulties in relating local scale change to broader dynamics of social and economic restructuring continue to be reflected in much geographical research. This paper argues that inadequate conceptualisations of geographical scale restrict the relevance of much research to the agenda of an applied peoples' geography. A framework which conceptualises geographical scale as dialectically and internally related to the totality of social relations, is proposed and discussed with examples from remote mining regions in Australia. 相似文献
18.
This study investigates how the U.S.-based consumer electronics retailer Best Buy implemented its dual brand strategy in Canada following its acquisition of Future Shop in 2001. The study examines the differentiations between the two brands (Best Buy and Future Shop) in four aspects: geographical adjacency, store operation, product offering, and price structure. The study reveals that Best Buy takes a spatial proximity approach to store development with both Best Buy and Future Shop stores at many locations. Yet, their big box stores have very similar product offerings and price structure. Limited forms of differentiation are observed in store operations; however, they are insufficient to avoid cannibalization. Although the dual brand strategy should not be viewed as the only cause of Best Buy Canada losing its competitive edge in the Canadian consumer electronics market, it is a factor that affects its ability to reduce overhead costs in competition with online retailers and has led Best Buy to abandon this strategy in Canada. 相似文献
19.
地方性对地理标识性产品垄断利润形成的影响——以苏州洞庭碧螺春为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以地方性理论为切入点,提出历史事件为地方性的来源。在洞庭碧螺春原产地苏州吴中区东山镇和金庭镇（原西山镇）进行访谈调查,了解地方性在洞庭碧螺春生产销售方面的作用。运用级差地租理论和垄断市场理论说明了当地通过占据历史事件发生地的“地方性”而获得了级差地租和垄断利润。研究结论为：① 历史事件和传说具有空间不可移动性,可以成为形成级差地租的因素。② 历史传说赋予地理标识产品的质量无法通过理化手段测量,因此会出现原产地之外的茶叶假冒当地茶叶销售获利。派生的建议是当地政府需要加强对地理标识产品的宣传及法律保护。 相似文献
20.
As a product, wine is closely associated with place. The industry has devised various strategies in order to delimit space and create places that are marketable as brands. Although demarcated by supposedly ‘natural’ features, these spaces are socially constructed in order to maximise accumulation. This article reports on the use of place-making strategies in the case of the New Zealand wine sector and the role of capital and agency in their production. Two case studies—Martinborough and Gimblett Gravels—are offered where contrasting geographical strategies have been employed. The work concludes that the employment of flexible delimitation is a strategy that allows contestation in creatively destructive ways. Such an approach allows for specialised identity construction within the framework of semi-porous boundaries. This calls for local economic policy that sits between the two extremes of open-ended neoliberal capital accumulation and arbitrary regional planning. 相似文献