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1.
基于步行性与污染物暴露空间格局比较的建成环境健康效应——以南京为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在雾霾问题日益严重的中国,通过提高建成环境的步行性以增加居民户外体力活动的同时,也会增加居民的污染物暴露度,最终的健康效应不一定为正。针对这一悖论,论文以南京为例,通过步行指数测度步行性,基于土地利用回归模型和插值模拟PM2.5和O3浓度的空间分布,在此基础上比较步行性与污染物暴露的空间关系,从而对建成环境健康效应进行评价。研究表明：确实存在高步行性但同时也是高污染物暴露的城市空间,这部分空间主要分布在城市中心区,在这些地区片面强调提高步行活动其实是存在很大健康风险的;城市郊区则呈现低步行性且低污染物暴露的特征,其健康效应亦难以直接判断;靠近城市中心但又距其有一定距离的大面积绿地周边地区呈现高步行性且低污染物暴露的特征,其健康效应为正;而城乡交界的半城市化地区容易成为低步行性且高污染物暴露的健康效应为负的空间。研究结果可以为精准制定健康城市的土地利用政策提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
城镇建设用地适宜性评价信息系统研究：以福建省漳州市芗城区为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文以福建省漳州市芗城区为例，分析研究城镇建设用地适宜性评价信息系统的设计，建立与应用，从系统的概念模型入手，阐述了系统评价原则与体系，系统流程概念设计，数据库组织与结构的概念设计，评价模型概念设计等４个方面的内容，以ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ为主要支撑软件，建立了城镇建设用地适宜性评价信息系统。 相似文献
3.
基于重庆主城区居民感知的城市意象元素分析评价 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
城市意象是诠释一个城市环境的重要指标,对其分析研究,有助于解读及评估城市景观的优劣、城市生活环境品质的高低,也有助于把握城市空间结构。本文首先在回顾国内外相关研究进展的基础上,根据重庆城市特色,将Lynch K的5类城市意象要素进行细分,并转换为地点场所意象元素;其次采用问卷调查法,对城市意象因子和意象元素分别进行评价,并绘制城市意象元素分布图,以了解居民对城市意象元素的印象与品质之间的关系,从而为重庆城市规划建设提供有益的参考。 相似文献
4.
Zhixiang Fang Shih-Lung Shaw 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):817-838
Landmarks provide the most predominant navigation cue for pedestrian navigation. Very few navigation data models in the geographical information science and transportation communities support modeling of landmarks and use of landmark-based route instructions for pedestrian navigation services. This article proposes a landmark-based pedestrian navigation data model to fill this gap. This data model can model landmarks in several pedestrian navigation scenarios (buildings, open spaces, multimodal transportation systems, and urban streets). This article implements the proposed model in the ArcGIS software environment and demonstrates two typical pedestrian navigation scenarios: (1) a multimodal pedestrian navigation environment involving bus lines, parks, and indoor spaces and (2) a subway system in a metropolitan environment. These two scenarios illustrate the feasibility of the proposed data model in real-world environments. Further improvements of this model could lead to more intuitive and user-friendly landmark-based pedestrian navigation services than the functions supported by current map-based navigation systems. 相似文献
5.
中国城市居民出游潜力的空间分异格局 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
基于城市不仅是重要的旅游目的地,也是目前中国主要的旅游客流产生地,以中国国内旅游抽样调查资料中的39个城市为空间单元,选取18项指标,运用SPSS统计分析软件,对中国城市居民的潜在出游力进行主成分和聚类分析,得到中国城市居民出游潜力的回归模型,进一步分析结果表明:①城市经济实力、城市规模辐射、城市规模集聚、城市人口素质等是影响城市居民出游潜力的四个主要因子;②中国城市居民潜在出游力的空间分异格局为“四、三、二、四”,即39个城市可以划分为四种类型,存在北京、上海、广深三个极点,沿海与内陆两大城市居民出游潜力空间分异带,环渤海、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、成渝四大游客流产地;③经过与城市居民的实际出游力进行相关分析,模型得到了充分验证。城市居民整体出游力空间分异格局的研究对旅游目的地的营销、各地旅游业的发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
中国区域中心城市及其卫星城镇生活空间质量评价——以西安卫星城镇评价为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国外对城市生活空间质量研究已成为城市社会地理学理论与实践探讨的核心问题,其评价的指标组成也成为城市社会指标体系中的核心指标部分。本文在借鉴国外对城市生活空间质量评价较为成熟的鲍氏(RichBoyer)九要素衡量指标体系的基础上,结合西安卫星城镇2001年的有关统计数据,首次建立了中国区域中心城市及其卫星城镇的生活空间质量评价的综合指标体系。进而从实证主义角度运用相关数据进行分析,对西安卫星城镇生活空间质量进行了综合评价。 相似文献
7.
在广州市7个城市公园收集423份有效问卷,基于吸引力、中心性、自我表现、地方依赖和地方认同等核心概念,构建老年人休闲涉入与地方依恋之间关系的模型。通过验证性因子分析和路径分析,探讨老年人休闲涉入对公园地方依恋的影响关系路径及影响机制。研究发现,休闲涉入的吸引力维度对地方依赖产生了显著的正向影响,自我表现维度正向显著影响地方认同,中心性维度正向显著影响地方依赖和地方认同。验证了休闲涉入与地方依恋之间总体上存在正相关,并将该结论拓展到老年人群体和公园休闲情境中。此外,探讨城市公园中老年人休闲涉入对地方依恋的影响机制,以期在人口老龄化的背景下,为提高老年人的地方依恋提供理论参考和实践建议。 相似文献
8.
城市地下空间开发地质环境质量评价可为城市地下空间规划和工程建设提供重要决策支持。该文以合肥市滨湖新区为例,构建城市地下空间开发地质环境质量三维评价方法:利用三维隐式建模方法融合多源数据进行三维地质建模,从工程地质、水文地质、地质构造和不良地质体等方面构建三维评价模型,利用三维距离场分析、三维空间统计分析等方法对三维评价因子进行分析、提取,最后基于确权和综合评价方法得到地下空间开发地质环境质量三维综合评价结果。实例研究表明:该方法能够显著提高评价结果的深度方向分辨率,相关成果可为城市地下空间精细规划及可持续开发利用提供方法参考。 相似文献
9.
信息化时代下,网络信息的强势介入为旅游人地关系赋予了新的内涵、特征和形式。基于此,提出旅游地理学视域下的三元空间概念。该三元空间由人、地、信息组合而成,各子空间相互关联、相互作用、动态响应,由此形成一个庞大的动态复合系统。在对三元空间概念框架、交互作用及协同响应模式系统阐释的基础上,旅游地三元空间交互理论模型建构而成。由此,二维视角下的旅游人地关系被延展到了立体的三元空间,一种信息要素介入下的新型人地链接关系和交互形态得以有效揭示。三元空间交互理论的提出为探究信息时代下的旅游人地关系提供了一种新的、系统化的思维模式,研究结果可为协调旅游人地关系,实现旅游人地融合、共生、可持续发展提供可行途径。 相似文献
10.
基于2019年广州18个社区1 470份问卷数据,通过构建结构方程模型探究不同尺度步行环境（包括步行适宜性和其他与步行相关的建成环境要素）对居民肥胖的影响机理。研究发现：居民出行态度与偏好会影响通勤行为,但对居民肥胖没有显著的直接影响。在考虑了居民社会经济属性和出行态度偏好后,居住地步行环境对居民身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）具有显著的负向总体效应。步行环境对居民BMI的影响具有尺度效应,社区尺度的步行适宜性影响最为显著。不同尺度的绿度、路网密度、地铁站密度和与城市中心的距离等其他与步行相关的建成环境均对居民BMI有不同程度的影响。 相似文献
11.
农村人口流动中的“人地关系”与迁入地创业行为的影响因素 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于“人地关系”视角下的农村流动人口创业行为影响机制理论模型,并辅之以江苏省的实证研究,从“环境”和“个体”两个方面解读其对农村流动人口迁入地创业行为的影响。采用2010年江苏省城镇暂住人口的抽样调查数据,通过二元Logistic模型发现,农村流动人口的个人经济社会特征及其所处的社会、文化、城市环境均对其创业行为产生影响。特别是城市环境方面,城市总人口规模和农村流动人口规模对农村流动人口的创业行为具有反向影响;控制规模之后,在户口含金量越高的地区,农村流动人口创业的可能性越低,这反映了中国特殊的制度环境对农民工创业行为的影响。 相似文献
12.
Stefan Schutt 《Urban geography》2017,38(1):47-65
Can a sense of ownership over constantly changing urban places be generated through pedestrian exploration and everyday digital media practice? This paper begins with the author’s visit to the city of Adelaide, where a chance encounter – an intriguing sign painted on the wall of a city building – led to a hunt through the city for ghost signs, the remnants of old hand-painted advertisements. This spontaneous activity, combined with the online exploration and image sharing that followed, generated a renewed feeling of connection to, and ownership over, an erstwhile familiar locale. The experience is analysed through the work of theorists investigating change and belonging in modern cities including Guy Debord, Doreen Massey, Michel de Certeau, Andreas Huyssen, and Mark Crinson, as well as the contemporary growth in both politically inspired urban exploring (“Urbex” or “place hacking”) and the digital documentation and sharing of ghost signs and other urban ephemera. 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACTThe selling of naming rights to corporate sponsors has led urban policymakers to increasingly view the identities of public places as rent-generating assets to fund urban infrastructure. Yet few scholars have critically analyzed this emerging global trend of toponymic commodification and the seeking of “naming rent.” Through a combination of archival research, on-site field observations, and semi-structured interviews, this study examines how the practice of toponymic commodification is transforming the cultural landscapes of contemporary cities by considering two naming rights programs: Dubai’s Metro Naming Rights Initiative and the Sponsor Winnipeg Program. In each case, we explore the implications of commodifying public place names as well as the conflicting perceptions of such sponsorship programs. In doing so, the present study illustrates how the selling of naming rights is reshaping the built environment into a space of symbolic/economic capital transformations as brands become destinations and public places are reconceived as marketing opportunities. 相似文献
14.
布里顿（Stephen G. Britton）最早运用马克思主义政治经济学,将旅游置于资本主义全球化的社会生产和消费体系中进行批判,回答了旅游到底是什么的问题,为深刻认识旅游发展现象与本质提供了重要的研究路径。作为批判性旅游地理研究的先驱人物,他指出旅游是一种重要的资本积累方式,从中可以看到旅游发展如何创造了空间和地方的物质性和社会意义,以及它们的表征如何被纳入到资本积累进程之中。结合布里顿的代表作,本文试图从个体、区域和全球三个层面来理解此核心观点,这体现在旅游的商品属性、产业属性和资本流动的媒介属性。然后梳理后续学者对布里顿思想观点的话题应用并指出对其理论体系的拓展之处,包括旅游的劳工地理、旅游地的空间生产与地方转型、乡村旅游与政治生态3个方面,这明晰了批判性旅游地理研究的主题,回答了布里顿当时的展望性论断——从批判性角度来看,旅游亦是地理学者值得研究的领域,也指引了旅游地理应该由传统的强调空间分析、面向应用而缺乏理论体系的实证主义范式,迈向强调政治经济和权力分析、更加符合旅游地理研究理论化的路径方向。最后辩证指出布里顿思想观点的不足和弥补之处,阐述对中国旅游地理研究的启示,并尝试讨论如何超越旅游的资本维度。 相似文献
15.
近年来，随着城镇化和旅游业的快速发展，加速了夏河县城市公共空间的更新建设，但也带来场所精神蜕变、识别性降低等一系列问题。在对夏河县进行社会调查、路网拓扑建模的基础上，采用模糊综合评价法、空间句法、核密度分析等方法对场所空间品质、空间活力进行系统地探析，进而对场所单元、丛拉商业文化场所等5处公共场所组团提出了具体的营建策略，并提出场所系统的营造应从构筑系统化的场所、坚持多组团多策略的营造原则、从多主体进行场所营造、营造高通达性的场所、以热点场所单元策动场所组团和场所系统的营造等视角出发营造一个高品质、高活力的场所系统。同时，期望能够为旅游型城市公共空间的场所营造提供一套可借鉴的公共空间评价方法和营造策略 相似文献
16.
城市滨河湿地作为河流湿地的重要组成部分,其美化环境和休闲娱乐功能近年来受到广泛关注.如何对城市游憩型滨河湿地的景观规划方案进行科学合理地评价一直是方案评审中的难题,研究合理的评价方法具有一定的理论价值和实用价值.将因子分析法应用于城市游憩型滨河湿地景观规划方案评价中,以新乡市卫河滨河湿地的48个景观规划方案为样本,选取边界的连续性、绿化覆盖率、生物多样性、文化品质、场所丰富性、亲水宜人性、交通流畅性、夜景品质作为城市游憩型滨河湿地景观规划方案评价指标,构建了城市游憩型滨河湿地景观规划方案评估函数.应用该方法可以计算出每个方案的综合得分和排序.提取前10名的方案作为专家决选的依据,占样本总数的20.8％.这些方案或者整体质量较高,较全面兼顾了规划的需求;或者某些指标具有亮点,对方案整合具有借鉴意义.该方法可以减少评价指标的个数,有利于实现优中选优,增加评价的准确性并提高评价的效率. 相似文献
17.
Ikuho Yamada Barbara B. Brown Ken R. Smith Cathleen D. Zick Lori Kowaleski-Jones Jessie X. Fan 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):157-177
Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. Walkable neighborhoods, characterized as having the three Ds of walkability (population Density, land use Diversity, and pedestrian-friendly Design), have been identified as a potentially promising factor to prevent obesity for residents. Past studies examining the relationship between obesity and walkability vary in geographic scales of neighborhood definitions and methods of measuring the three Ds. To better understand potential influences of these sometimes arbitrary choices, we test how four types of alternative measures of land use diversity measured at three geographic scales relate to body mass index for 4,960 Salt Lake County adults. Generalized estimation equation models demonstrate that optimal diversity measures differed by gender and geographic scale and that integrating walkability measures at different scales improved the overall performance of models. 相似文献
18.
Xia Li Anthony Gar-On Yeh 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):131-152
Cellular Automata (CA) have attracted growing attention in urban simulation because their capability in spatial modelling is not fully developed in GIS. This paper discusses how cellular automata (CA) can be extended and integrated with GIS to help planners to search for better urban forms for sustainable development. The cellular automata model is built within a grid-GIS system to facilitate easy access to GIS databases for constructing the constraints. The essence of the model is that constraint space is used to regulate cellular space. Local, regional and global constraints play important roles in affecting modelling results. In addition, 'grey' cells are defined to represent the degrees or percentages of urban land development during the iterations of modelling for more accurate results. The model can be easily controlled by the parameter k using a power transformation function for calculating the constraint scores. It can be used as a useful planning tool to test the effects of different urban development scenarios. 相似文献
19.
One major limitation currently with studying street level urban design qualities for walkability is the often inconsistent and unreliable measures of streetscape features across different field surveyors even with costly training due to lack of more objective processes, which also make large scale study difficult. The recent advances in sensor technologies and digitization have produced a wealth of data to help research activities by facilitating improved measurements and conducting large scale analysis. This paper explores the potential of big data and big data analytics in the light of current approaches to measuring streetscape features. By applying machine learning algorithms on Google Street View imagery, we generated objectively three measures on visual enclosure. The results showed that sky areas were identified fairly well for the calculation of proportion of sky. The three visual enclosure measures were found to be correlated with pedestrian volume and Walk Score. This method allows large scale and consistent objective measures of visual enclosure that can be done reproducibly and universally applicable with readily available Google Street View imagery in many countries around the world to help test their association with walking behaviors. 相似文献
20.
Public policy frequently is utilised as a medium to facilitate or restrict access to public space, and to privilege economic priorities. In this context urban arts festivals are used as a means to generate dominant narratives of place and use of public space. Urban arts festivals generate spaces of spectacle and wonder, and are often used as marketing strategies to revitalise urban economies and differentiate cities one from another on the global stage, engendering a commodification of place. The present paper explores this tension through an examination of the role of urban arts festivals in spatial politics. White Night Melbourne is the first Australian iteration of the Nuit Blanche International, an international network of all-night arts festivals. It is used as a case study to explore the impact of an urban arts festival on the spatial politics of Melbourne. A theoretical basis is established using the frame of Guy Debord's ([1967] 1994) The Society of the Spectacle, as well as the concepts of ‘assemblage’ and ‘expressivity’. 相似文献