共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 859 毫秒
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Menghui Li Jin Li Xingliang Liu Han Ru Chao Sun 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(5):922-944
This research presents an operable zoning approach for phased evacuations adapted to disasters with spatio-temporal randomness. As a criterion for prioritizing evacuation order, evacuation risk is formulated by taking into consideration the estimated residual evacuation horizon associated with the characteristics of the disaster, the estimated time-dependent capacities of outbound lanes related to network supply, and the time-dependent evacuation demand of an evacuation unit. The modeling of the subzone determined for phased evacuation is based on rescue demand, the characteristics of the disaster, and network supply, and is labeled as a high-risk evacuation zone (HEZ). The range of HEZ features a time-evolving pattern in accordance with phased evacuation. The zone partition paradigm can be seamlessly applied to different types of disasters, especially those with high spatio-temporal randomness. It also provides a generalizable approach for subzone partitioning in phased evacuation by minimizing evacuation risk. The proposed approach is examined on numerical experiments through the road network of Xi’an, China, the results of which highlight its strength in increased adaptability to the dynamics of disaster impact and improved performance in evacuation operation. 相似文献
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Artemis Skarlatidou Tao Cheng Muki Haklay 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1668-1687
Attesting to the powerful capabilities and in technology trends, many scholars envisioned the consolidation of geographic information systems (GIS) into vital tools for disseminating spatial information. GIS are presently used to inform, advise and instruct users in several contexts and to further engage citizens in decision-making processes that can impact and sustain policy development. Interaction with these applications incorporates risk and uncertainty, which have been repeatedly identified as preconditions in nurturing trust perceptions and which instigate a user's decision to rely on a system and act on the provided information. Research studies consistently demonstrated that a trust-oriented interface design can facilitate the development of more trustworthy, mainly e-commerce, systems. Trust in the Web GIS context, despite its significance, has only relatively recently received some attention. A set of human–computer interaction (HCI) user-based studies revealed some Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust beliefs and found that when these are problematic or absent from interface design, users form irrational trust perceptions, which amplifies the risk and may impose dangers to the user. These Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust perceptions are formulated here into a set of trust guidelines. These are then evaluated using the PE-Nuclear tool, a Web GIS application, to inform the public about the site selection of a nuclear waste repository in the United Kingdom. Our preliminary results indicate that the proposed trust guidelines not only support the development of rational trust perceptions that protect non-experts from inappropriate use of Web GIS technology but also contribute towards improving interaction with such applications of public interest issue. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):202-215
Abstract Short-term international field study is an attractive alternative for many students to traditional, longer-term study abroad programs. We present a discussion of critical planning, administrative, and curricular elements related to the development and implementation of such courses. In doing so, we share a number of checklists and planning tools that other instructors may find helpful in the context of developing their own international field studies courses. In addition, we provide representative examples and experiences from two short-term international courses taught by the authors in the Geography Department at Shippensburg University. 相似文献
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A new method for processing clay-rich unconsolidated sediments for paleoecological investigations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A method is described for processing flocculated clay-rich sediments which avoids acetolysis and heavy liquid separation. Twin 80 (Merck index 1983) is used for deflocculation. Microsieves separate the recovered organisms according to size. Taxonomic identification and quantitative evaluation of the organisms can be performed in counting chambers or on permanent slides. Algae, cysts and exospores of dinoflagellates, pollen grains and zooplankton remains can be recovered. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):199-206
Abstract Fieldwork and laboratory experiences have always been important components of physical geography education, at universities as well as secondary schools. However, the rising cost of necessary equipment and dwindling education budgets of most universities and secondary schools have placed such experiences in crisis. This is the second of two papers that present lab- and field-based items we have designed and built for student research. The equipment is easy to construct and made from low-cost materials like PVC plumbing pipe. Photographs, construction notes, and costs have been included for each of the pieces of equipment, as well as measured schematics for the more complex items. 相似文献
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Douglas T. Fischer J. Wilson White Louis W. Botsford John Largier David M. Kaplan 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):489-513
Increasing efforts to implement marine protected areas (MPAs) as a means of managing marine ecosystems have created a need for evaluating potential spatial management plans. Almost all marine populations are metapopulations, connected reproductively by the dispersal of pelagic larvae. Models of marine population dynamics must account for larval connectivity, but despite recent advances connectivity patterns are still poorly understood. To allow more informed decision making when complete information on dispersal is lacking, we have developed a method based on geographic information systems (GIS) for representing larval dispersal distributions based on bathymetry and typical flows in the coastal ocean. These distributions reflect (1) generally greater flow in directions along, rather than across, lines of constant bathymetry and (2) lesser flow in shallow near-shore waters. We demonstrate how to parameterize this two-dimensional method for depicting larval dispersal based on comparisons to local oceanographic data. We then compare the predictions of the two-dimensional method to those of a simpler one-dimensional alternative in a population model used to evaluate proposed MPAs along the coast of central California. The method produces reasonable larval dispersal patterns and appears to include the effects of bathymetry on population dynamics better than commonly used one-dimensional methods and without requiring the significantly greater investment of developing particle-tracking circulation models. An important advantage of a two-dimensional approach is more realistic portrayal of the dependence of population persistence on the cross-shelf dimension of available habitat. 相似文献
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PRITHVISH NAG 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):181-187
Abstract Attempts have been made by different organizations in India to organize data in order to develop a suitable information system. These attempts were oriented towards specific uses, such as natural resources, data management, thematic mapping and the like. In some attempts software has been developed for some specific purpose. It is not an easy task to develop an information system for a country such as India. Its extent in latitude and longitude is well above average. There are federal and state agencies for the collection of data and the preparation of maps. The geographical information concerning India is available from the following sources: the administrative areas of states, union territories, districts, sub-districts and villages; survey sheets; remote sensing images; aerial photographs; and thematic base maps of the National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation. There are other map series available which have been used for socio-economic mapping. By the end of 1987 the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite will be launched and then remotely-sensed data will be readily available. Considering the geographical bases available in the country, five levels can be identified for developing an information system for India. Some of the thematic maps at 1:1000 000 scale can be used for initiating such a geographical information system. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):167-175
Abstract Fieldwork and laboratory experiences have always been important components of physical geography education, at universities as well as secondary schools. However, the rising cost of necessary equipment and dwindling education budgets of most universities and secondary schools have placed such experiences in crisis. This is the first of two papers that present lab- and field-based items we have designed and built for student research. The equipment is easy to construct and made from low-cost materials like PVC plumbing pipe. Photographs, construction notes, and costs have been included for each of the pieces of equipment, as well as measured schematics for the more complex items. 相似文献
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Emily White Kathleen Stewart 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):1007-1022
When separation between geospatial features is desired, an obstacle or barrier is used to maintain distance between the features. Barriers are used in a wide variety of domains, such as hazards, transportation, and public safety. Floodwalls, for example, prevent flooding rivers or lakes from inundating buildings. This work presents an ontology design pattern for barriers and barring events useful for GIS. In this ontology design pattern, active features (e.g., the water-body that is causing flooding) and target features (e.g., buildings requiring flood protection) are defined. Along with these key features, the ontology design pattern also captures certain barring events. These are the dynamics that arise from the placement of barriers and include Blocking, Enclosing, KeepingIn and KeepingOut, involving interactions among barriers, and active and target features. The set of classes that model these features and events as well as the relations between them are presented and formalized. This design pattern is ready for integration in a GIS to allow queries on barriers and barring events that do not currently have explicit support in most GIS. 相似文献
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Ibrahim Oztug Bildirici 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2295-2309
Tissot’s indicatrix or ellipse of distortion is a diagram that is the projection of an infinitesimal circle on the original surface. It is normally an ellipse of which elongation depends on the amount of distortion caused by map projection. It provides a medium for analyzing existing projections and developing new ones. The ellipse can be scaled and depicted on the map for visualization purposes. This paper presents an alternative approach, in which the projection of a finite small circle on the sphere is used. Its projection is normally an ellipse that can be very close to Tissot’s indicatrix, and is called quasi indicatrix, here. Its parameters can be derived from the forward projection equations without using partial derivatives. Therefore, it is a useful and practical approach from a programmer’s point of view. The quasi indicatrix approach is also numerically tested on Aitoff–Hammer projection with a set of points. The indicatrix parameters obtained by using this approach deviate 0.5% from the ground truths at most, being the average less than 0.2%. 相似文献
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Abstract: For seven years, trainee teachers in the Pre-Service Secondary Teacher Education Programme at Massey University College of Education, Albany campus, have integrated their curriculum areas to model the processes school students could follow in environmental education and education for sustainable development using Motutapu, an island adjoining Rangitoto in the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park, as the context for their actions. Evaluation of the programme indicates that it is empowering to learn about connections between subject areas and the potential for school students to have a hand in creating a sustainable future and to participate in real world concerns. 相似文献
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