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南四湖人工湿地建设与管理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生态滞留塘+多级表面流湿地系统的工艺方案建设南四湖人工湿地,使出水水质基本达到《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质要求。利用人工湿地的生态经济价值,采取市场化运营的模式,探索"以湿养湿,以收养管"的管理机制,使南四湖人工湿地既能保障南水北调安全顺利进行,又能自身循环发展,取得"保水创收"的双赢效果。 相似文献
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2007年6月,构建并运行水平潜流人工湿地,对西安市最大的人工湖——兴庆湖的严重富营养化水体进行净化,以实现该湖生态系统的长期恢复。结果表明,水平潜流人工湿地对水体中的化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和固体悬浮物(SS)的平均去除率分别为84.2%、53.8%、47.9%、73.3%和86.6%,由于硝化和反硝化过程不足,导致人工湿地对水体中氮的去除率较低。提出构建多级湿地循环处理系统,以改进和完善处理城市湖泊污染水体的人工湿地技术。 相似文献
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外源铁补给对潜流人工湿地脱氮效率影响的模拟研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过模拟实验,研究不同浓度外源铁补给对种植芦苇(Phragmites australis)的潜流人工湿地氮元素去除能力的影响,并初步探讨了其作用机理。结果表明,铁补给有利于促进人工湿地对水体中总氮和硝态氮的去除效率,且高浓度铁(50 mg/L)的促进作用比低浓度铁(25 mg/L)更强;但由于二价铁氧化过程中与铵态氮的硝化作用竞争吸氧,使铁补给仅仅促进了上层人工湿地对水体中铵态氮的净化作用,不利于下层人工湿地对铵态氮的净化。外源铁进入人工湿地系统后,其浓度迅速下降,且上层人工湿地水体中的二价铁浓度低于下层人工湿地,而上层人工湿地水体中的可溶性总铁和三价铁浓度高于下层人工湿地。随着水力停留时间的增加,人工湿地水体的pH总体上先升高后降低,而氧化还原电位则先降低后升高;对pH而言,加铁处理的人工湿地水体的pH总体上低于对照组,且下层人工湿地水体的pH低于上层,对照组则相反;对于氧化还原电位,加铁处理的人工湿地水体的氧化还原电位高于对照组,且下层氧化还原电位高于上层,对照组则相反。外源铁补给可以在一定程度上促进人工湿地对总氮和硝态氮以及上层人工湿地对铵态氮的去除效率,同时,外源铁自身的浓度和形态以及系统水体的pH和氧化还原电位也将发生显著变化。 相似文献
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基于红树林种植的滨海湿地恢复效果研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
滨海湿地具有重要的生态意义和社会价值。由于社会经济的高速发展,滨海湿地面临着退化和消失的状况。基于红树林种植的滨海湿地恢复模式,是华南沿海传统围垦养殖区湿地恢复的方式之一。对深圳湾滨海湿地恢复工程开展为期1a的监测分析,结果显示:红树植物桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum对人工湿地生境适应性较好,秋茄Kandelia obovata、木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza需要在一定人工辅助条件下进行栽培。人工恢复湿地可使遭受污染的4类海水指标大幅改善,溶解氧、COD分别净化为Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类。建议今后尝试增加种植红树植物的种类,使用红树小苗并采取密植,投入适度的人工管理,延长水质处理期,采取多级水循环流程。 相似文献
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兼顾景观功能的人工湿地植物配置模式探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
湿地植物是人工湿地的重要组成部分,在水质净化过程中起着非常重要的作用,同时也是形成湿地景观的重要要素,目前人工湿地植物的配置还存在着功能结构单一、种间搭配不合理、季相效果差、岸带植物配置效果不佳等问题,影响植物的生态功能及景观效果。通过对湿地植物群落结构特征的研究,借鉴园林中植物造景,提出将植物净化功能与景观特性相结合的设计构想,并提出空间尺度与时间尺度相结合的植物配置模式及将人工湿地的水体与岸带植物配置相结合的人工湿地植物景观设计方式,这将有利于充分发挥人工湿地的多功能效益。 相似文献
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于2015年10月10~12日,在挠力河国家级自然保护区恢复湿地和天然湿地中,采集水样,在实验室中测定了水质指标。将研究区水质指标与地表水环境质量标准中各类水域的标准进行对比;采用相关分析方法,分析恢复湿地与天然湿地水质指标间的关系,对比二者的水质。研究结果表明,恢复湿地植物群落特征与天然湿地相似,但是,恢复湿地水体中的硝态氮含量、总氮含量、总磷含量、化学需氧量和五日生化需氧量符合或劣于Ⅴ类水域标准,3种聚类方法的分析结果都显示恢复湿地与天然湿地的水质差异明显,恢复湿地与天然湿地水体中的总氮含量、总磷含量、硝态氮含量和五日生化需氧量显著相关(n=8,p0.01),说明由于长期开垦,使滞留于恢复湿地土壤中的氮、磷等物质进入恢复湿地水体中,使恢复湿地水质变差,并且随着水的流动向周围湿地扩散。 相似文献
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煤炭资源开采以后,采空区上覆岩层的原始受力平衡状态受到破坏,依次发生冒落、断裂、弯曲等移动变形,最终涉及地表,形成采煤塌陷地。徐州九里湖湿地正是在采煤塌陷地的机理上发展起来的,其生态旅游的开发以恢复生态学理论为指导,开发对策由生态恢复、环境教育和科研监测三方面构筑,包括人工干预粉煤灰堆填区生态修复、人工恢复湿地植物和水禽栖息地、沟通内外水系实现水循环、人工湿地净化水体改善水质、水岸驳岸去园林化生态处理、采煤塌陷地环境解说、湿地科普宣教活动和科研监测与国际学术交流等。 相似文献
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Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits on a statewide basis offer a different perspective on the nation's undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. Mean estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits statewide were extracted from the estimates of undiscovered deposits nationwide. More than 50 undiscovered deposits are estimated to occur in Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, and Wisconsin. Estimating the number of undiscovered deposits statewide serves as a measure of a state's total remaining mineral resources in known conventional deposit types. 相似文献
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在本届南极地球科学讨论会(1987年8月24—28日)期间及会后,南极研究科学委员会(SCAR)分别举行了南极地质制图学、火山岩地质及岩石学、南方高纬度新生代古环境演化、南极岩石圈结构与演化四个专家组正式会议.由于时间冲突,笔者未能参加古环境会议.制图会议对讨论会上展示并向SCAR提交的图件逐一审议.其中地质图均为小范围大比例尺图,如巴西提交的乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛地形地质图(1∶1.5万);地球物理方面以航磁图为多;最引人注目的是大面积遥感图,利用卫(航)片经数据处理清晰地反映出地质构造或冰盖结构特征.会议着重讨论了今后几年计划实现的16幅图件(地质6、地球物理6、遥感3、水文1),其中主要有“南极地质全图”(1∶1千万,Tingey主编,“斯科舍弧构造图”(1∶3百万,J.W.Thomson主编),“罗斯海、威得尔海构造及地震剖面图”(比例尺未定,K.Hinz主编),“南极半岛地区地震剖面及地质图”(比例尺未定,C.O.Berbert主编)等.当讨论新遥感图件协调问题时,几家大公司代表就“LANDSAT”、“SPOT”、“AVHRR”等卫星及数据处理性能优劣争论激烈,并都希望由本公司承担这一任务. 相似文献
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Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits offer a unique perspective on the nation's undiscovered mineral resources. As part of the 1998 assessment of undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc, estimates of the number of deposits were made for 305 of the 447 permissive tracts delineated in 19 assessment regions of the country. By aggregating number of undiscovered deposits by deposit type and by assessment region, a picture of the nation's undiscovered resources has emerged. For the nation as a whole, the mean estimate for the number of undiscovered deposits is 950. There is a 90% chance there are at least 747 undiscovered deposits and a 10% chance there are as many as 1,160 undiscovered deposits. For Alaska, the mean estimate for the number of undiscovered deposits is 281. There is a 90% chance there are at least 168 undiscovered deposits and a 10% chance there are as many as 402 undiscovered deposits. Assuming that the majority of deposits used to create the grade and tonnage models that formed the basis for estimating the number of undiscovered deposits are significant deposits, there remain about as many undiscovered deposits as have already been discovered. Consideration of the number of undiscovered deposits as part of national assessments carried out on a recurring basis serves as a leading indicator of the nation's total mineral resources. 相似文献
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A field study to examine the statistical character of dune morphology and the correlation among dune morphology, discharge, and flow resistance was conducted in a meandering reach of Lillooet River, near Pemberton, British Columbia, Canada. The field season spanned the 1995/1996 hydrologic year with sample day discharge events ranging between 33 and 425 m3 s−1. Surveys of the bed morphology along the thalweg in two dune fields (A and B) were completed using an echo sounder with chart recorder that enabled the measurement of more than 4000 dunes. Dune height ranged between 0.08 and 0.96 m, length between 2.01 and 20.99 m, and steepness between 0.02 and 0.10. Histograms of each dune shape (height, length, steepness) sample most often displayed positive skewness and non-Gaussian distributions (Gamma, Beta, and Weibull); median sample height and length histograms displayed positive skewness; and steepness was nearly Gaussian. Histograms of all dimensionless dunes (i.e., measurement divided by average measurement of sample) were Gaussian and slightly leptokurtic. Neither the height nor length of dunes measured in this investigation were successfully predicted by the empirical models of Allen [Allen, J.R.L., 1984. Developments in Sedimentology. Sedimentary Structures: Their Character and Physical Basis, 2nd edn. Elsevier, New York, vol. 30 (A and B), 1256 pp.], Fredsøe [J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 108(HY8) (1982) 932.], or Yalin [J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 90(HY5) (1964) 105.]. Least-squares regression models for dune–height relations produced here are similar to models published by other field researchers; regression models for dune length only conform to those developed elsewhere if the discharge of the study rivers was similar. The energy gradient in dune field A varied within a smaller range than in field B, enabling dune size to become more fully equilibrated with respect to flow environment. Although the average Froude numbers were much less than critical, dunes appeared to wash out towards a plane bed as discharge increased due to a change from a bedload to suspended-load dominated sediment-transport regime. Flow resistance increased most rapidly during changes in base flow and at the beginning and end of the seasonal flood; resistance tended to be smaller in field A than B, reflecting local differences in energy gradient. Flow resistance increased until a dune steepness of 0.070 was attained and then decreased. The steepness value was considered to be coincident with kolk generation [Dyer, K.R., 1986. Coastal and Estuarine Sediment Dynamics. Wiley, NY, 342 pp.], suggesting that macroturbulent flow structures play an important role in defining the roughness of dunes on a channel bed. 相似文献
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Pulau (P.) Semakau comprises a narrow, low-lying island, surrounded by a wide fringing coral reef of late-Holocene age. The modern reef flat comprises a gently sloping surface related to modern mean low water neap tide level. Six sediment facies are recognised below the line of high water of which three, adjacent to the island, are composed of terrigenous minerals and rock fragments and three are autochthonous carbonates sediments developed since local sea-level still stand (c. 6,500 years BP). The fringing reefs of P. Semakau and Singapore differ from many of the reef forms recorded from Peninsular Malaysia waters and the Gulf of Thailand. The Singapore reefs have wide, well-developed intertidal reef flats, lack lagoons and reef crests, and have a very steep reef slope. In contrast to most other fringing reefs of the region, the Singapore reefs have developed in a low wave energy, meso-tidal environment lacking strong environmental gradients. 相似文献
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1987年8月—31日在剑桥大学地球科学院分别举行了地质及固体地球物理工作组会议及混合会议.两天的会议主席都由新西兰人担任.地质工作组会议内容包括:1.开幕.自我介绍;2.圣迭戈会议提案采纳及执行情况;3.本次会议新议题:a.地质制图,主要确认专家组会议提出的协调分工、统一图例、在大剖面协作中统一比例尺等事项;b.地圈—生物计划设想;c.南极地球科学研究回顾与展望;d.工作组向SCAR的年度报告;4.第5届国际地球科学讨论会总结;5.第6届国际南极地球科学讨论会,审议了日本在圣迭戈会议上提出的建议,经表决同意下届讨论会将于1991年在日本东京或其他城市举行(原建议为1992年),并通过了讨论会内容及分组方法;6.各成员国国家年度报告;中 相似文献
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Peter Hovingh 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,9(1):41-54
The artesian springs of Tule Valley are similar to those of adjacent Snake Valley and Fish Springs Flat based on conductivity and temperature. All three valleys support Ranidae amphibians and the leechErpobdella punctata. The artesian springs in Snake Valley and Fish Springs Flat contain six and two species of fish and contained up to 18 and 12 species of mollusk respectively, whereas Tule Valley artesian springs contain neither fish nor mollusks. The leechesHelobdella stagnalis, Glossiphonia complanata, andHaemopis grandis were found in Snake Valley whereasHelobdella triserialis, Theromyzon rude, andHaemopis marmorata were found in Tule Valley. These springs which were covered by Lake Bonneville to a depth of several hundred meters, 16 000 BP., became isolated after the paleolake desiccated 13 000 years BP. The marsh snailCatinella is found above the paleolake level in Snake and Tule Valley and has not penetrated to the valley floor habitats once covered by the paleolake, whereas another marsh snailOxyloma has penetrated into these habitats in Snake Valley. The leech and molluscan distributions in Tule, Snake and Fish Springs Valleys suggest that the paleolake did not allow for much movement among the valleys, and successful passive aerial transport has not occurred after the paleolake desiccation 13 000 years BP. Paleozoological models are proposed to explain the presence and absence of these species in Tule Valley. Both lateral movement (along paleolake shorelines) and vertical movement (to new habitats formed after the desiccation of the paleolake) by amphibians, mollusks and leeches is restricted in large terminal lakes and is species dependent in both spatial and temporal scales of the hydrological cycle. 相似文献