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1.
寸瑞红 《云南地理环境研究》2001,13(2):36-40
在很多情况下，自然保护区管理与保护区周边社区的发展处于矛盾之中。高黎贡山国家级自然保护区地处滇西民族地区，生物多样性保护面临着社区发展的很大压力。综合保护与发展的思想对解决这样的矛盾提供了很好的思路，即要确保生物多样性保护，就需要调和保护区管理与当地社区的社会与经济需求，在保护区外向当地社区提供可行的经济替换，减轻他们对保护区的依赖，从而使当地群众在自然资源管理中扮演积极的角色。高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山管理局在加强依法管护的同时，运用综合保护与发展策略，将保护区管理与周边社区的发展联系起来，利用自身的一些优势，为周边社区引进项目、资金、技术，促进社区资源管理与经济发展，减缓了社区对保护区的压力，提高了社区群众对自然保护和可持续发展的认识，有的村社还组织起生物多样性保护协会、森林共管委员会等保护性组织，积极参与保护工作。 相似文献
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《湿地科学》2021,(2)
利用遥感影像数据,采用斑块密度、形状指数、聚集度指数等景观指数和景观开发强度指数、景观压力指数,分析了2004年、2010年和2016年衡水湖国家级自然保护区的景观格局、保护成效及其主要影响因素。研究结果表明,2004年、2010年和2016年衡水湖国家级自然保护区的景观格局都是西部主要为耕地和东部主要为自然湿地;随着时间的推移,林地、草地和道路的面积在明显增大,尤以草地的面积增幅最大;虽然该保护区的保护性景观面积所占比例增大,但是道路等基础设施的建设使该保护区的景观破碎化;该保护区的景观开发强度有所减弱,总体景观保护成效较好,但是自然湿地周边局部的景观开发强度增大;耕地、林地、草地、鱼塘和公园绿地面积的变化决定了2004年、2010年和2016年衡水湖国家级自然保护区保护成效的变化;耕地面积减小和林地面积增大使该保护区的景观压力减轻,自然湿地萎缩及其周边鱼塘和公园绿地面积的增大导致该保护区景观压力增大,影响了其保护湿地的成效。未来应该进一步加强对衡水湖国家级自然保护区自然湿地周边人类活动的管理和控制,充分考虑野生动植物的生境需求,禁止不必要的设施建设和园林绿化等;在保护湿地的前提下,开展湿地生态系统恢复工作。 相似文献
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科学地评估自然保护区缓解人类活动压力的效果,对于有效的自然保护至关重要。目前中国国家尺度下的这方面研究,仅将保护区内、外的人类活动压力进行对比,其缺陷是样本选择性偏差会导致评估结果的不合理。本文选择了倾向得分匹配（Propensity Score Matching）方法来克服保护区评价中的样本选择性偏差问题。首先耦合多源数据构建了2013年、2015年、2017年的人类活动压力指数,然后采用倾向得分匹配方法对自然保护区内、外的随机点进行匹配,使两个对比组的观测变量尽可能相似。最后通过相对有效性指标和面板模型从不同层面评估了中国680个自然保护区在2013—2017年间缓解人类活动压力的效果。研究结果表明：① 2013—2017年,全国86.72%的自然保护区内人类活动压力指数呈现上升趋势,其面积占保护区总面积的43.80%。② 69.85%的自然保护区在缓解人类活动压力方面的效果较好。其中,除了海洋海岸、野生植物、野生动物类的保护区以外,其余保护区类型都表现出较好的缓解人类活动压力的效果,且保护区级别越高,保护效果越好。③ 中国自然保护区建设在2013—2017年间能缓解22.90%的人类活动压力,且保护区缓解人类活动压力的能力存在区域性差别。本文研究结果可为中国自然保护区监测、评估和管理提供更科学的参考依据。 相似文献
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以一个社区太阳能项目为例,借助可持续生计框架,通过半结构访谈等参与式方式,协助村民自主开发评估指标,围绕指标开发调查问卷,协助农户参与完成整个评估过程。评估得出太阳能项目对社区有显著的正面影响。项目对社区的自然资产、金融资产和人力资产的增加作用相对更大。在案例分析的同时,探讨了社区发展项目中,参与式社区影响评估的方法和操作过程。 相似文献
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全球海草床生态系统不断衰退,海草生境的保护和修复成为当前的研究热点。广西壮族自治区合浦儒艮国家级自然保护区是中国重要的海草保护区,该保护区及其周边区域的海草床退化严重,因此,分析该保护区对海草生境的保护成及其存在的问题,对海草保护具有重要意义。利用广西壮族自治区合浦儒艮国家级自然保护区生态环境资料和常年监测数据,以该保护区海草和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)面积的变化率为评价指标,评价了该保护区及其邻近海域的海草生境保护成效;采用有机污染综合指数评价法和富营养指数法,分析了该保护区所在海域的水环境质量。研究结果表明,1987～2017年期间,该保护区及其周边海草分布面积总体在减少;2005～2016年期间,该保护区内互花米草分布面积不断扩大;1991～2016年期间,该保护区海域水体有机污染程度为3级和4级,水体营养水平从中营养降低为贫营养水平;该保护区当前面临的主要问题是人类活动的严重干扰,其基础建设和管理水平有待提高。建议该保护区加强管理能力建设,结合宣传教育和社区共管,提升公众保护意识,促进海洋资源可持续利用,并积极探索海草恢复的有效方法。 相似文献
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遗址保护区乡村居民景观价值感知与态度评价——以汉长安城遗址保护区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
《地理研究》2015,(10)
在与社区相关的开发或保护活动中,社区居民主观态度直接影响着规划项目可行性。探索适用的社区态度表达方法,成为社区有效参与规划决策的关键。利用参与式制图和半结构访谈的方法,对汉长安城遗址保护区9个村落的243位居民景观感知价值进行调查,采用热点分析、对应分析和相容度指标分析,揭示居民感知的景观价值空间构成,景观价值与土地利用的对应关系及其与现有搬迁保护方案的相容度,在此基础上识别出4种社区态度类型区域。研究表明:1基于相容度反映的汉长安城遗址社区态度具有地点依赖性,这种态度的空间差异为社区规划管理、矛盾冲突管控提供了更细致的社会数据支持;2案例社区居民景观感知价值在空间分布上具有规律性,并与一定的物质景观基础(土地利用)相关联,这种关联性的认识,有利于解释景观变化可能产生的社会现象;3参与式制图结合景观价值的调查为感知景观的研究提供了有效方法,通过制图可视化,统计分析和指标模型构建,能够揭示景观感知价值的空间结构特征。 相似文献
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云南自然保护区与周边社区冲突的形式与原因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在概括了云南省自然保护区与周边社区的冲突形式后,深入分析了冲突的深层次原因,认为云南省自然保护区大多设立在少数民族集聚的偏远山区,当地居民生活水平低下,生产生活严重依赖当地的自然环境和自然资源,保护区的建立打断了居民与环境的紧密联系,使得社区居民生存空间狭小,生活水平下降,丧失部分发展机会,在保护区建设和开发中得不到利益分配。基本结论是冲突和矛盾的解决必须基于体制的改善,必须充分考虑保护区周边社区居民的基本权益。最后针对云南省的情况提出一些改善意见。 相似文献
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建立自然保护区是进行生物多样性保护和生态系统功能恢复的最重要措施之一,如何有效管理自然保护区是当前自然保护区决策者、社区居民和研究者共同关注的问题。利用文献调研法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等,对福建省漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区管理中的利益相关者进行分析,从生态、经济和社会价值角度探讨该保护区的公共管理。研究结果显示,可以将漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区管理中的利益相关者划分为确定型、预期型和潜在型;其中,确定型利益相关者为政府、当地社区、非政府组织、企业与旅游公司,其对该保护区管理具有重要作用;政府关注生态价值,当地社区关注经济价值,非政府组织关注社会价值,企业与旅游公司关注经济价值。根据保护区管理中的利益相关者分析结果,对漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区具有的生态价值、经济价值和社会价值进行分类管理,构建合理的公共管理模式。 相似文献
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中国自然保护区建设已有近60年的历史,并成为我国最有效的保护生物多样性网络。如何对已建自然保护区,特别是快速演变的湿地类型自然保护区的保护成效进行评估已成为我们面临的最紧迫任务之一。中国人与生物圈国家委员会对其认定的保护区开展评估已有多年,但政府部门和学术界对此知之甚少。以中国人与生物圈国家委员会对以盐城世界生物圈保护区十年评估为案例,介绍了该组织对自然保护区保护成效评估方式与过程、特点,提出了我国湿地自然保护区今后如何开展保护成效评估的3点启示:1我国自然保护区事业必需转型到重建设和保护成效的新阶段;2对保护对象的科学研究和长期监测是提高保护成效的重要基础;3要特别重视滨海湿地的保护。 相似文献
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基于MCR和多因素评价的辽宁省农村居民点调控分区 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农村居民点调控既要体现社会经济特征的差异,又要体现区位条件适宜性的差异。首先,通过运用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)评价农村居民点图斑的区位适宜性,通过适宜值加权求和汇总各县市单元微观区位适宜值。其次,运用多因素综合评价方法,从社会条件和经济条件等方面评价辽宁省各县市农村居民点调控的优先度,通过运用指标判别分析法,确定省域农村居民点分区调控方案。结果表明:(1)基于MCR模型的评价结果将农村居民点的适宜性划分为高度适宜类、较适宜类、一般适宜类和不适宜类,高适宜类主要集中在中部平原地区且较适宜类和一般适宜类围绕高度适宜类成带状或片状分布;(2)运用多因素综合评价模型,将优先度评价指标值按照1/3法分为强、中、弱3级,中部平原优先度条件好,东部沿海地区优先度条件也较好,西部山地丘陵区地区中有些县市由于农村居民点数量大,优先度也较高;(3)运用指标判别法综合考虑图斑层面的区位条件和宏观层面的社会经济状况,划分优先调控区、重点调控区、优化调控区和适度调控区。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey. Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer. Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed. The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale. Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds. Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds. Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds. Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small. Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz. World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken. Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein. South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair. Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor. Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig. The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston. Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang. A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West. Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied. Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves. Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor. Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran. Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada: Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo. The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest. Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke. Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels. The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen. The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester. Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman. Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):488-524
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli . 相似文献
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《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0001-I0001
Permafrost engineering has been developing rapidly in recent years. Many projects have been undertaken with the latest technologies and show their importance in supporting regional social and economical development. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been a milestone project in permafrost engineering. However, when designing and building infrastructures in cold regions, 相似文献
17.
HAYASHI Hiroaki 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):395-397
<正>1 Characteristics of Kunisaki GIAS and aims of this research Kunisaki GIAHS in the Kunisaki peninsula and Usa area,Oita,Japan,is a system where forestry,agricultural production,and fisheries are sustained by the strong connection between Sawtooth Oak forest,multiple interlinked irriga tion ponds,and Seto Inland Sea(Vafadari 2013a;2013b;Hayashi 2013).This area receive around 1,500 mm of annual precipitation with a 相似文献
18.
P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
19.
K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献