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1.
耦合魔方——一个分析人地系统耦合机理的多维框架 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Understanding the interactions between humans and nature in the Anthropocene is central to the quest for both human wellbeing and global sustainability.However,the time-space compression,long range interactions,and reconstruction of socio-economic structures at the global scale all pose great challenges to the traditional analytical frameworks of human-nature systems.In this paper,we extend the connotation of coupled human and natural systems(CHANS)and their four dimensions—space,time,appearance,and organization,and propose a novel framework:“Coupled Human and Natural Cube”(CHNC)to explain the coupling mechanism between humans and the natural environment.Our proposition is inspired by theories based on the human-earth areal system,telecoupling framework,planetary urbanization,and perspectives from complexity science.We systematically introduce the concept,connotation,evolution rules,and analytical dimensions of the CHNC.Notably there exist various“coupling lines”in the CHNC,connecting different systems and elements at multiple scales and forming a large,nested,interconnected,organic system.The rotation of the CHNC represents spatiotemporal nonlinear fluctuations in CHANS in different regions.As a system continually exchanges energy with the environment,a critical phase transition occurs when fluctuations reach a certain threshold,leading to emergent behavior of the system.The CHNC has four dimensions—pericoupling and telecoupling,syncoupling and lagcoupling,apparent coupling and hidden coupling,and intra-organization coupling and inter-organizational coupling.We mainly focus on the theoretical connotation,research methods,and typical cases of telecoupling,lagcoupling,hidden coupling,and inter-organizational coupling,and put forward a human-nature coupling matrix to integrate multiple dimensions.In summary,the CHNC provides a more comprehensive and systematic research paradigm for understanding the evolution and coupling mechanism of the human-nature system,which expands the analytical dimension of CHANS.The CHNC also provides a theoretical support for formulating regional,sustainable development policies for human wellbeing. 相似文献
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By statistically analyzing the storm data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) over the Bengal Bay during the period 1945-2006,it is found that the yearly averaged tropical cyclone(TC) number over the Bay of Bengal is 8.12,which takes place in any month of the whole year;February and March have the fewest TC numbers.The TC numbers begin to increase starting in April and arrive at a peak in October.Differing from TC over the Bay of Bengal,the tropical storms(TS) over the Bay of Bengal has two peak periods,appear in May and in October or November,respectively.With regard to TS intensity,the super severe storm of H4 criterion appeared only one time during the period 1971-1986,but appeared eight times during the period 1987-2006.The monthly change of the original position,the averaged maintaining time,and the longest maintaining time of TS also have two peak values:They appear in April or May and in October or November,respectively.The peak value of the original position in October or November is bigger than that in April or May.The peak value of the average maintaining time and the longest main-taining time of the TS in April or May is bigger than that in October or November.TC landfall path is mostly moving toward northwest or west and accounts for 56.7 percent.The landfall path of the TS differs from that of TC in some respects.The main difference is that the numbers of the northwestern path and un-landfall of TS are less than those for TC,and the numbers of the western path and northeastern path of TS are greater than for TC.Because of the landfall TS in the north-east path has a peak,it and the beginning of the rainy season in Yunnan Province are closely related;it is on Yunnan Province’s early summer precipita-tion that they have a great impact. 相似文献
3.
The Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)is typical of an ecologically vulnerable area,comprised of rural and mountainous areas,and with high immigration.Because of its economic and ecologic importance,studying the traditional agroecosystem changes in the TGRA is key to rural development and revitalization.In this study,we apply a framework of theoretical analysis,empirical study,and trend prediction to the Caotangxi River watershed within the TGRA.Using QuickBird high-resolution remote sensing images from 2012 to 2017 to evaluate natural resources and farmers’behavior,we analyze the transition and trends in the traditional agroecosystem in mountainous areas of the TGRA at spatial scale of the man-land relationship.We find that the agroecosystem in the TGRA can be divided into four modes using 100 m interval buffer rings:high-low-low,high-low-high,low-high-low and low-low-high mode where the different modes represent the agricultural development stages in the TGRA.Furthermore,the traditional agroecosystem in TGRA,represented by system elements such as farmers and sloping farmland,is transforming to accommodate the diversification of farmer livelihoods.For example,sloping farmland,which was dominated by a production function,now has equal emphasis on ecological and economic functions.Spatially,the range of the agroecosystem transition has migrated beyond high mountain areas to flat valley areas.Generally,this study provides an overview of land use in rural areas,controls on soil and water loss in mountainous areas,and better rural living environments in the TGRA. 相似文献
4.
Root distribution of three co-occurring desert shrubs and their physiological response to precipitation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Root distribution of three desert shrubs,Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.,Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica(Pall.) Maxim.was investigated under co-occurring conditions using a method for excavating the whole root system.Assimilation shoot water potential and transpiration rates were monitored during the wet-dry cycle.Leaf-specific apparent hydraulic conductance and the index of water stress impact for the three species were calculated from shoot water potential and transpiration rate.The results showed that,along the soil profile,the root system of T.ramosissima mainly distributed at 50 to 310 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 30,249.2 cm2 per plant;the root system of H.ammodendraom distributed at 0 to 250 cm interval with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 12,847.3 cm2 per plant;the root system of R.soongorica distributed at 0-80 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 361.8 cm2.The root distribution shows the following:T.ramosissima uses groundwater as its main water source;H.ammodendraom uses both groundwater and rainwater;and R.soongorica uses rainwater only.During the wet-dry cycle,the hydraulic parameters of T.ramosissima showed no responses to precipitation.R.soongorica responded most significantly,and the responses of H.ammodendraom were intermediate.In conclusion,the plant response to rain events is closely related to their root distribution and plant water-use strategy. 相似文献
5.
地理双语教学要求师生同时具备对地理学科的汉语思维和英语思维的能力。如在介绍美国工业部门及分布时，学生对其理解都比较抽象，怎样让他们快速掌握城市和工业的分布呢?可以先请对NBA感兴趣的同学介绍几支球队情况，要求学生从这些球队的名称上来理解课文的内容。(如The Detroit Pistons底特律活塞队：The name“Pistons”refers to a key part of an automobile engine活塞一词是指汽车发动机的关键部件；The Houston Rockets休斯顿火箭队：The NASA Mission Control Centeris located in Houston美国宇航局控制中心位于休斯顿。) 相似文献
6.
长江上游退耕还林工程的农业生产和水环境效益评价——以四川省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
退耕还林工程是我国大规模的土地利用方式的改变.以四川省为例,基于退耕还林工程实施后粮食产量、粮食作物播种面积、化肥用量以及水质和水土流失状况变化的分析,讨论了退耕还林工程对环境保护的贡献和可能存在的问题.退耕还林工程导致粮食作物播种面积、粮食产量和化肥用量的减少,在退耕还林工程实施前,这三者之间有很好的相关性,但自工程实施后,这三者的下降幅度与退耕还林面积的增加幅度有较大的差异.几种原因可能造成这种不一致性,值得进一步研究.退耕还林工程实施后河流径流量、泥沙含量以及输沙量的下降充分证实了退耕还林工程对长江上游水土保持的重要贡献,同时进一步证实长江上游的泥沙主要来源于坡耕地的耕作. 相似文献
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8.
Extreme weather is an important noise factor in affecting dynamic access to river morphology information.The response characteristics of river channel on climate disturbances draw us to develop a method to investigate the dynamic evolution of bankfull channel geometries(including the hydraulic geometry variables and bankfull discharges)with stochastic differential equations in this study.Three different forms of random inputs,including single Gaussian white noise and compound Gaussian/Fractional white noise plus Poisson noise,are explored respectively on the basis of the classical deterministic models.The model parameters are consistently estimated by applying a composite nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)method.Results of the model application in the Lower Yellow River reveal the potential responses of bankfull channel geometries to climate disturbances in a probabilistic way,and,the calculated average trends mainly run to synchronize with the measured values.Comparisons among the three models confirm the advantage of Fractional jump-diffusion model,and through further discussion,stream power based on such a model is concluded as a better systematic measure of river dynamics.The proposed method helps to offer an effective tool for analyzing fluvial relationships and improves the ability of crisis management of river system under varying environment conditions. 相似文献
9.
Understanding how the transpiration of this vegetation type responds to environmental stress is important for determining the wa-ter-balance dynamics of the riparian ecosystem threatened by groundwater depletion. Transpiration and sap flow were measured using the heat-pulse technique. The results were then projected up to the stand level to investigate the stand’s water-use in relation to climate forcing in the desert riparian forest in an extreme arid region. This study took place from April through October 2003 and from May through October 2004. The experimental site was selected in the Populus euphratica Forest Reserve (101o10’ E, 41o59’ N) in Ejina county, in the lower Heihe River basin, China. The sapwood area was used as a scalar to extrapolate the stand-water consumption from the whole trees’ water consumption measured by the heat-pulse velocity recorder (HPVR). Scale transferring from a series of individual trees to a stand was done according to the existing natural variations between trees under given environmental conditions. The application of the biometric parameters available from individual tree and stand levels was proved suitable for this purpose. A significant correlation between the sapwood area and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was found. The prediction model is well fitted by the power model. On the basis of the prediction model, the sapwood area can be cal-culated by DBH. The sap-flow density can then be used to extrapolate the stand-water use by means of a series of mathematical models. 相似文献
10.
中国地理学会地貌与第四纪专业委员会 《地理学报》2008,63(1):111-111
2007年全国地貌与第四纪学术研讨会于2007年11月20日-22日在福建师范大学隆重召开.本次会议由中国地理学会地貌与第四纪专业委员会主办,福建师范大学地理科学学院承办.来自全国31个研究所、大学等单位的86位代表参加了这次会议.大会开幕式由中国地理学会地貌与第四纪专业委员会副主任杨小平研究员主持.福建师范大学生态文明所所长廖福霖教授致辞.中国地理学会地貌与第四纪专业委员会主任许炯心研究员做了主题发言. 相似文献
11.
棚户区改造的目的是为了改善城市面貌和居民居住环境,提高城市品位和居民生活质量.目前,我国城市开展了大规模棚户区改造工程,然而大多数改造工作重心仍以拆建房屋为主,对棚户区的系统改建不足.针对这一问题,从棚户区改造与城市再生的关系入手,结合国内外大量棚户区改造的经验与教训,强调棚户区的改造不仅是单纯意义上的物质再生,更是涵盖经济复兴、社区重构、文化重建的社会再生.以辽宁省阜新市棚户区改造作为实证案例进行分析,指出当前棚户区改造中存在的诸多问题.在棚户区改造中,需要将建筑、就业、环境、文化、社会等因素融合一起,以促进城市再生与可持续发展. 相似文献
12.
福建省旅游台胞客流时空特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
尝试从宏观和微观、时间和空间的分析视角,采用旅游地理、旅游市场分析、数理统计及实证分析等研究原理及方法,对入闽旅游台胞时空动态的区域差异(包括旅游空间感知差异)进行深入系统分析.研究认为自1979年以来,入闽台胞旅游市场发展大致经历了4个时期;从历年旅游台胞客流量及其年际、年内变化看,都表现出一定的地区差异,其中厦门接待的旅游台胞客流量长期居全省首位,而三明接待台胞客流量最少;福州旅游台胞客流量的年际变化最小,而龙岩和宁德年际变化最大;其次,一般在每年的5月和9月形成入闽旅游台胞客流的高峰期,2月和11月为客流的低峰期;三明和宁德的R值(季节集中指数)最高,而厦门R值最低.最后,从旅游空间感知偏好与实际接待客流量交叉分析看,除了莆田马祖文化朝圣游、三明桃源洞/金湖绿色生态游以外,其余旅游空间感知偏好与实际旅游空间体验基本相符,厦门、福州、泉州、南平等是台胞旅游感知偏好较高的城市,也是台胞实际参与旅游体验最多的地区. 相似文献
13.
中国地理学走向世界的领军人——庆贺吴传钧院士90华诞 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年是举世瞩目的中国奥运年。在这个全中国普天同庆的年份里,中国地理学界将迎来吴传钧院士90华诞。吴传钧院士是中国地理学的泰斗,现代人文地理学的一代宗 相似文献
14.
2011年1—6月,南京市共产生182个新地名,平均每天增加一个新地名。新增地名主要位于江宁、浦口、六合等郊区。今年上半年,新增地名最多的是江宁区。如位于江宁开发区空港工业园内新增了15条地名,包括楚风路、汉韵 相似文献
15.
It is possible to obtain vast amounts of spatiotemporal data related to human activities to support the study of human behavior and social evolution.In this context,geography,with the human-nature relationship as its core,is undergoing a transition from strictly earth observations to the observation of human activities.Geocomputation for social science is one manifestation thereof.Geocomputation for social science is an interdisciplinary approach combining remote sensing techniques,social science,and big data computation.Driven by the availability of spatially and temporally expansive big data,geocomputation for social science uses spatiotemporal statistical analyses to detect and analyze the interactions between human behavior,the natural environment,and social activities;Remote sensing(RS)observations are used as primary data.Geocomputation for social science can be used to investigate major social issues and to assess the impact of major natural and societal events,and will surely be an area of focused development in geography in the near future.We briefly review the background of geocomputation in the social sciences,discuss its definition and disciplinary characteristics,and highlight the main research foci.Several key technologies and applications are also illustrated with relevant case studies of the Syrian Civil War,typhoon transits,and traffic patterns. 相似文献
16.
Since the reform and opening-up policy launched in 1978,the number of inbound tourists increased from 1.8 million in 1978 to 139.5 million in 2017,and that of domestic tourists increased from 344 million in 1991 to 5 billion in 2017.This article conducts research on how the geographical pattern of China’s tourism has evolved in the last four decades on the national-scale and regional-scale,for rare studies before could focus on such an extended date and utilize inbound and domestic tourism data simultaneously.Grounded on viable datasets and multiple vibrant data analysis approaches(including the Gini coefficient,primacy index analysis,hot spot analysis and Pearson correlation analysis),this article unpacks triple vital realities.(1)The overall geographical pattern of China’s tourism development can arguably summarize as“high in the eastern and low in the western part,high in the southern and low in the northern part.”Meanwhile,China’s inbound tourism has long shown a pattern of polarized distribution;While,domestic tourism has experienced a shift from the polarized distribution to the equilibrium distribution.(2)According to the features and characteristics,China's tourism development can be divided into four stages.They are precisely the initial modern tourism stage(1978–1988),the domestic tourism cultivating stage(1989–1996),the rapid development stage(1997–2007)and the new normal stage(2008–present).(3)This article also identified multiple factors underlying the inbound and domestic tourism development in China,including policies,management systems,tourism demand,tourist attractions,economic level,consumption level,industrial development,investment status,traffic conditions,accommodation services,intermediary services and degree of openness. 相似文献
17.
On the edge of the Tengger Desert in northern China,revegetation has changed the landscape from moving dunes to stabilized dunes covered by shrubs,which further modifies the pattern of rainfall redistribution.To study rainfall interception loss by shrubs and its relationship to rainfall properties and crown structure,throughfalls passing through crowns of Artemisia ordosica Krash.and Caragana korshinskii Kom.were measured using nine PVC cups under the canopy of each of the two shrubs during 73 rain events over a three-year period,with total rainfall of 260.9 mm.Interception losses of gross rainfall by A.ordosica and C.korshinskii account for 15% and 27% of the total on a crown area basis,and 6% and 11% on a ground area basis,respectively.Individual throughfall(T) and interception(I) were significantly related to rainfall amount(Pg),duration(D),and intensity(R).Ratios of throughfall to rainfall(T/Pg) and interception to rainfall(I/Pg) were not only significantly related to Pg,D,and R,but also to shrub species,and interactions of species with crown volume(CV) and leaf area index(LAI).Under most rain events,interceptions by C.korshinskii with greater CV and LAI were significantly higher than those by A.ordosica,and more rainfall interception occurred at locations closer to the stems of the two shrubs.For C.korshinskii,I/Pg had a significant positive linear relation with CV and LAI,while T/Pg had a significant negative linear relation with them.CV has a greater influence on T/Pg and I/Pg than does LAI.Using a regression method,canopy water storage capacities are estimated to be 0.52 and 0.68 mm,and free throughfall coefficient to be 0.62 and 0.47 for A.ordosica and C.korshinskii,respectively. 相似文献
18.
The Yangtze River Source Region has an area of 137,704 km2.Its mean annual runoff of 12.52 billion m3,which was recorded by the Chumda Hydrological Station in 1961-2000,accounts for only 0.13 percent of the Yangtze River’s total annual streamflow.The extensive rivers,lakes,wetlands,glaciers,snow fields,and permafrost of the Yangtze River Source Region,as well as the region’s vast alpine grasslands,play a critical role in storing and regulating the flow of water not only in the upper Yangtze River watershed of Qinghai,Sichuan,the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) (Tibet) and Yunnan,but also throughout the entire lower Yangtze River basin.Climate change has been the dominant factor in recent fluctuation in the volume of the Yangtze River Source Region’s glacier resources.The Chumda Hydrological Station on the lower Tongtian River has registered a mean annual glacial meltwater of 1.13 billion m3 for the period 1961-2000,makes up 9 percent of the total annual runoff.Glacial meltwater makes up a significant percentage of streamflow in the Yangtze River Source Region,the major rivers of the upper Yangtze River Source Region:the Togto,Dam Chu,Garchu,and Bi Chu (Bu Chu) rivers all originate at large glaciers along the Tanggula Range.Glaciers in the Yangtze River Source Region are typical continental-type glaciers with most glacial meltwater flow occurring June-August;the close correlation between June-August river flows and temperature illustrates the important role of glacial meltwater in feeding rivers.Glaciers in the source region have undergone a long period of rapid ablation beginning in 1993.Examination of flow and temperature data for the 1961-2000 period shows that the annual melting period for glacial ice,snow,and frozen ground in the Yangtze River Source Region now begins earlier because of increasing spring temperatures,resulting in the reduction of summer flood season peak runoffs;meanwhile,increased rates of glacier ablation have resulted in more uneven annual distribution of runoff in the source region.T 相似文献
19.
快速城市化进程中转型社区的特征及治理模式探析——以深圳市爱联社区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
转型社区是中国快速城市化过程中出现的特有现象,是由行政村转为城市社区的社区类型,具有典型的转型期特征.这类社区作为"社会经济的塌陷带",对城市空间形态、社会结构和城市社区治理具有极大影响.因此,研究转型社区的特征及其治理,对城市社区的健康发展和管理具有理论和实践意义.以深圳市爱联社区为例,在实地访谈和问卷调查的基础上,分析了转型社区的基本特征、治理现状及存在问题,提出了"善治"的途径选择.研究认为:转型社区的管理中必须引入治理理念,确立以合作、协商、共同愿景等理念为特征的社区治理模式. 相似文献
20.
长株潭地区行政区划调整研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长株潭自古一体,但1951年以来成为了3个行政区.长沙市、株洲市、湘潭市各自发展,已发展成为长株潭联合大都市区.处于转型期的行政区经济严重影响长株潭联合大都市区、长株潭地区发展.消化或解除这种影响,必须调整行政区划.行政区划的调整一是保持3个市格局的小调整,二是与3个市市制有关的大调整,大调整优于小调整.大调整有3个市合并,省管县制、3个市市区合并为1个市,省管县制、缩小的3个市之上设立联合政府3种方案,第二方案最优. 相似文献