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1.
沙漠湖泊沉积物是研究气候环境变化的珍贵材料,湖泊岩芯年代学研究是重建古气候和古环境的基础和前提,然而其年代的测定存在诸多困难,尤其是年轻湖泊沉积物测年一直是当前地质年代学研究的难题。~(14)C测年作为一种传统的测年方法已被广泛应用于各类湖泊年轻沉积物的年代测定。巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊年轻沉积物能否利用~(14)C方法进行测年,其可靠性如何,需进行研究和验证。选择巴丹吉林沙漠腹地的两支岩芯(BR-1和YD-1),对其进行了~(14)C测年,并与已有的~(210)P_(buns)及其推算年代进行了对比。结果表明:1)沙漠湖泊中的植物残体来源存在较大的随机性,可能是原有的更老沉积层中的植物残体的再沉积,测年结果偏老约1000年。2)湖泊岩芯中有机沉积物样品的年代结果基本符合沉积规律,但受硬水效应的影响,其年代整体偏老400~900年。3)与~(210)P_(buns)年代对比,两种不同测年物质所测得的年代均存在不同程度的偏老现象,表明岩芯所在湖泊~(14)C年龄受多种因素影响,总体存在很大的不确定性。在测年材料极为稀缺的沙漠丘间湖区,利用岩芯中的植物残体、沉积物有机质进行~(14)C测年,可能受老沉积层中测年材料再沉积、湖水碳库效应等因素的影响,~(14)C年代存在诸多不确定性。因此,在对巴丹吉林沙漠丘间湖泊年轻沉积物测年研究过程中应谨慎运用。  相似文献   

2.
总沉积物的放射性碳测年一直作为建立湖相沉积岩芯年代的标准方法,这一方法对于我们了解晚第四纪古环境做出了很大的贡献。这些总沉积物的年代被假定为直接代表实际研究标本(如花粉和大化石)的年代。然而新近的几个研究加深了对这一假定长期存在的疑虑。在本研究中,我们首次提出了用加速器质谱法测定花粉浓缩物的放射性碳年代。用此方法获得的年代为古环境研究提供了比用总沉积物测年所获得的更为可靠的年代。  相似文献   

3.
盐湖沉积记录了区域气候和水文变化,是重要的古气候研究对象。年代学是盐湖古气候研究最重要的一项内容,是后续工作的基础。盐湖沉积最常用的定年方法有14C定年、铀系定年、光释光(OSL)定年、古地磁定年。受各种定年方法自身局限性以及盐湖沉积特殊性的制约,存在不同方法测出的年龄差异较大的现象。准确测定盐湖沉积的年代还较为困难,一定程度限制了盐湖古气候研究的发展。最新研究表明,由于盐湖沉积有机质含量低,易受现代碳的污染,14C测年中存在复杂的碳库效应,其14C年代老于30 cal ka BP时,测出的年龄可能被低估,需谨慎对待。未来需要加强铀系定年和光释光定年等方法在盐湖沉积中的基础研究,并开发新的更好的测年方法,提高盐湖沉积测年的准确度,为深入开展盐湖古气候变化及成盐成矿规律研究提供坚实基础。  相似文献   

4.
洞穴次生碳酸盐稳定同位素古气候重建研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
近年来,洞穴次生碳酸盐沉积物因其有着湖泊沉积物、泥炭等无法比拟的测年优势,日渐成为陆地古气候重建的良好研究材料.通过铀系定年,可以获得过去60万年来精确的日历年时间序列,突破了其他陆地沉积物14C定年(5万年)的瓶颈.氧碳同位素作为洞穴石笋的古气候待用指标具有全球对比性,由于其高精度独立的时间标尺和无需校正同位素信号日渐成为其他气候记录对比的基石.在同位素平衡分馏条件下,石笋δ18O反映了当地气候的变化,在季风区一般反映降雨的变化,在欧洲则更多反映温度的变化.通过石笋1δ8O与北大西洋冰漂碎屑事件以及甲烷的对比关系,可以将海洋钻孔和两极冰芯的记录调谐到独立时间标尺的石笋记录上,进而可以探讨全球联系及其驱动机制.影响石笋1δ3C变化的因素比较复杂,一般在轨道尺度上指示了植被类型C3/C4比率的变化,而在更短时间尺度内主要受到土壤CO2活力的影响,进而可以反映当地降水和温度的变化.尽管洞穴石笋研究工作取得了较大进展,但仍然有诸多机理问题尚未解决,在介绍洞穴沉积物稳定同位素古气候重建研究现状的基础上,对今后的研究方向进行一定的探讨.  相似文献   

5.
柴达木盆地西台吉乃尔盐湖沉积的年代学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
柴达木盆地中部西台吉乃尔盐湖成因及其年代框架还存在争议。通过应用光释光测年法（OSL）和放射性碳测年法（AMS14C）测定两支分别来自该盐湖中部及东部边缘区域的岩芯，获得4个OSL和5个AMS14C年代数据。结果表明：（1） 对于老于30 ka的样品放射性碳测年法存在明显的年代低估，而对于年轻样品则存在约4.0 ka的碳库效应，相对而言光释光测年方法具有一定的合理性。（2） 两支岩芯顶部粉砂质粘土层形成于约0.3 ka，中部含粉砂质粘土盐层形成于大约4.0 ka，底部粉砂质粘土层则至少形成于70 ka 之前。  相似文献   

6.
盐湖沉积记录了区域的气候和水文变化,是重要的古气候研究对象。年代学是盐湖古气候研究最重要的一项内容,是后续几乎所有工作的基础。盐湖沉积最常用的定年方法有14C定年、铀系定年、光释光(OSL)定年、古地磁定年。受各种定年方法自身的局限性以及盐湖沉积特有的沉积特征,存在不同方法测出的年龄差异较大的现象。准确测定盐湖沉积的年代还较为困难,一定程度制约了盐湖古气候研究的发展。由于盐湖沉积有机质含量低,易受现代碳的污染,其14C年代老于30 cal ka BP时,测出的年龄可能已饱和,需要谨慎对待。未来需要加强铀系定年和光释光定年等方法在盐湖沉积中的基础研究,并开发新的更好的测年方法,提高盐湖沉积测年的准确度,为深入开展盐湖古气候变化及成盐成矿规律研究提供坚实基础。  相似文献   

7.
沙漠内部保存的晚第四纪沉积序列,是重建过去气候环境变化的重要材料。近年来,不同测年方法被用于测定风成、湖相等各类沉积物的年龄,特别是光释光测年技术在沙漠地区的应用越来越多。然而,对不同光释光测年技术能否获得相对年轻样品的可靠年龄等问题,仍存在一些不确定性。本研究在腾格里沙漠不同点位采集了沉积物样品,开展了石英单片再生剂量法(SAR-OSL)和钾长石红外后释光法(pIRIR150)对比测试,尤其是针对钾长石pIRIR150进行了剂量恢复实验、衰退系数(g-值)以及残余剂量测定,进而探究钾长石pIRIR150技术在该地区沉积物测年中的适用性与可靠性。结果表明：钾长石pIRIR150释光信号总体晒退良好,30 h晒退后的残余剂量仅为0.07～0.27 Gy,并且在60 Gy的剂量范围内(对应研究区约两万年以内的样品),剂量恢复比率基本为1。经g-值校正后的钾长石pIRIR150年代结果总体上出现高估,而未校正的年代则与石英SAR-OSL年代结果具有较好的一致性,表明研究区沉积物样品的...  相似文献   

8.
杨桃 《中国沙漠》2017,37(2):247-253
近几十年树轮年代学得到了迅速发展,现已成功建立了大量长度逾千年的树轮长年表。本文评述树轮长年表在全球变化相关研究领域中的应用。树轮长年表可为14C定年提供校准曲线,从而将样本的14C年龄转化为日历年龄,提高了14C测年的精度;也可为环境考古如古木建筑及墓葬等提供定年服务,确定古木构建筑的建造年代;树轮长年表在地质灾害事件定年方面也发挥了重要作用。然而,树轮长年表在上述研究领域的应用也存在不足,最新的国际14C会议公布的14C校正曲线中能够准确定年的树轮校正部分仅为过去12 410年,目前尚无法提供更长时间尺度的树轮校正曲线。在对木构建筑进行定年时受到古木样本量不足的限制等。因此,为了更好地发挥树轮长年表的应用潜力,应不断发掘与延长现有树轮宽度长年表,同时建立长年表的C、O同位素序列,以期为长年表的应用不断做出贡献。  相似文献   

9.
山地灾害和人类活动干扰下九寨沟下季节海的沉积变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
九寨沟是我国旅游强度最大的山地旅游地之一,山地灾害是其旅游发展过程中面临的主要挑战.为了探讨山地灾害和人类活动对湖泊生态系统的影响,以下季节海湖泊沉积物为研究对象,利用137Cs和210Pb建立年代标尺,对沉积物粒度进行了分析.137Cs和210Pb定年法确定湖底下38.5 cm处为1952年的沉积物,50 cm处为1848年的;沉积物粒度分析结果显示,剖面内中值粒径平均值偏大,沉积速率和粗颗粒含量在1952年之后呈明显增大趋势.结果表明,沉积物来源主要是泥石流等山地灾害造成的泥砂人湖、旅游开发过程中道路等基础设施建设带来的颗粒物质;湖泊沉积对流域内的山地灾害,如泥石流等有较好的响应;森林采伐和旅游开发在一定程度上促进了湖泊沉积.  相似文献   

10.
光释光测年基本流程   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
光释光测年是对沉积物上一次曝光事件年代的测定.自20 世纪80 年代该方法提出以来,得到了越来越广泛的应用.相对于14C测年,光释光测年虽存在误差偏大的不足（一般5%~10%）,但是具有以下明显优势：① 其测年年限范围比前者大得多;② 测年物质（石英或长石）丰富,这在干旱半干旱区的沙漠和湖泊中尤其重要,因为在这些地区很难找到可用于14C测年的有机质;③ 是对沉积物的直接定年;④ 测年事件包括曝光、受热（400 ℃以上）、火山、地震和晶体（方解石等）形成等.本文介绍了光释光测年的整个实验过程,包括采样、前处理、等效剂量测定、年剂量测定等,以期让有需要的地学同行了解这一方法,尤其是了解从地层或岩芯等取样的过程中应注意的事项.重点介绍单片再生剂量法(SAR)与标准生长曲线法(SGC)相结合测定等效剂量的实验方法(我们命名为SAR-SGC法).该方法能大大提高仪器的使用效率,可节省仪器时间60%以上.通过氟硅酸溶蚀长石来提取石英的中颗粒(38~63 μm)的前处理过程简便易行,获得的石英纯度高,且可以避免使用危险的氢氟酸.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所释光测年实验室近几年应用SAR-SGC法对黄土、沙漠、湖泊、海洋、冰川、考古点等各种类型沉积物进行光释光测年,都获得了很好的结果.  相似文献   

11.
Radiocarbon dating of late-Quaternary sediments from high-latitude lakes is often complicated by the influx of old carbon, reservoir effects, or both. If terrestrial plant macrofossils are also absent, the dating of bulk sediment often provides the only means to establish chronologies for these problematic sediment sequences. Given that chironomid (non-biting midge) remains are sufficiently abundant in many northern lakes to be 14C-dated via the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) method, we decided to explore their utility in age-model development. Five age determinations based on chironomid material were obtained from a lake sediment core sampled in the shrub tundra of northern Québec. These results were compared to six AMS bulk sediment ages, as well as to a date obtained from Drepanocladus spp. The chironomids yielded consistently younger ages (with increasing age offset upcore), confirming both the presence of a reservoir effect and the value of chironomids in establishing more reliable 14C chronologies.  相似文献   

12.
Both radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods were applied to test their suitability for establishing a chronology of arid-zone lacustrine sediments using a 5.88-m-long core drilled from Lake Ulaan, southern Mongolia. Although the radiocarbon and OSL ages agree in some samples, the radiocarbon ages are older than the corresponding OSL ages at the 550-cm depth horizon (late Pleistocene) and in the 100–300-cm interval (early to late Holocene). In the early to late Holocene, radiocarbon ages are consistently older than OSL ages by 4,100–5,800 years, and in the late Pleistocene by 2,700–3,000 years. Grain-size analysis of early to late Holocene sediments and one late Pleistocene sediment sample (550-cm depth) indicates that eolian processes were the dominant sediment-transport mechanism. Also, two late Pleistocene sediments samples (from 400- to 500-cm depths) are interpreted to have been deposited by both eolian and glaciofluvial processes. Accordingly, the radiocarbon ages that were older than the corresponding OSL ages during the Holocene seem to have been a consequence of the influx of 14C-deficient carbon delivered from adjacent soils and Paleozoic carbonate rocks by the westerly winds, a process that is also active today. In addition to the input of old reworked carbon by eolian processes, the late Pleistocene sediments were also influenced by old carbon delivered by deglacial meltwater. The results of this study suggest that when eolian sediment transport is suspected, especially in lakes of arid environments, the OSL dating method is superior to the radiocarbon dating method, as it eliminates a common ‘old-carbon’ error problem.  相似文献   

13.
Detailed stratigraphic analyses of sediments deposited in Lake Botjärnen, a small boreal forest lake in the shield terrain of central Sweden, clearly reflect progressively increasing human impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems following settlement and establishment of an iron industry in the 17th century. Rising frequencies of pollen and spores from light-demanding plants provide evidence of extensive forest clearance for charcoal and timber production, which peaked in the early 20th century. An associated increase in catchment erosion is reflected by changing carbon and nitrogen elemental content and carbon–isotope composition of sediment organic matter and by increased magnetic susceptibility of the sediments. Records of air-borne pollutants (lead, zinc and sulphur) can be correlated to the development of local and regional mining and metal industry as inferred from historical accounts. Rapid recession of the iron industry led to re-forestation and recovery of the aquatic nutrient status to pre-industrial conditions over the past 100 years. The chronology of the sediment succession, which is based on 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclide data in combination with radiocarbon dating, is confirmed by historical lead pollution trends established for the region.  相似文献   

14.
A geological feature in the Qaidam Basin known as the “Shell Bar” contains millions of freshwater clam shells buried in situ. Since the 1980s, this feature in the now hyper-arid basin has been interpreted to be lake deposits that provide evidence for a warmer and more humid climate than present during late marine isotope stage 3 (MIS 3). Global climate during late MIS 3 and the last glacial maximum, however, was cold and dry, with much lower sea levels. We re-investigated the feature geomorphologically and sedimentologically, and employed optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to verify the chronology of the sediments. We interpret the Shell Bar to be a remnant of a river channel formed by a stream that ran across an exposed lake bed during a regressive lake phase. Deflation of the surrounding older, fine-grained lacustrine deposits has left the fluvial channel sediments topographically inverted, indicating the erosive nature of the landscape. Luminescence ages place the formation of the Shell Bar in MIS 5 (~113–99 ka), much older than previous radiocarbon ages of <40 ka BP, but place the paleoclimatic inferences more in accord with other regional and global climate proxy records. We present a brief review of the age differences derived from 14C and OSL dating of some critical sections that were thought to represent a warmer and more humid climate than present during late MIS 3. We attribute the differences to underestimation of 14C ages. We suggest that 14C ages older than ~25 ka BP may require re-investigation, especially dates on samples from arid regions.  相似文献   

15.
Conventional radiocarbon dating of Lake Winnipeg core samples has produced erroneously old ages due to the incorporation of pre-Quaternary carbon derived from carbonaceous rocks, soils and sediments in the watershed, as well as a hard-water effect resulting from leaching of calcareous rocks and soils. To circumvent these problems and develop a reliable chronology for the Lake Winnipeg core series, a total of 64 samples from the Lake Winnipeg core series were processed to isolate well preserved macrofossils suitable for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. Here we report six radiocarbon ages derived from plant macrofossils and ostracodes, and reconstruct aspects of the depositional environment of each sample based on the associated macrofossil assemblage.  相似文献   

16.
Four sediment cores and twenty-five 14C ages from Ritterbush Pond in northern Vermont provide a detailed and continuous temporal record of Holocene lake and watershed dynamics. Using visual logs, carbon content, magnetic susceptibility, stable isotope signatures, and X-radiography, all measured at 1-cm scale, we identify and date discrete layers of terrestrially-derived sediment in the organic-rich, lacustrine gyttja. These inorganic layers range in thickness from <1 mm to >10 cm and range in grain size and sorting from homogeneous silt to graded sand. AMS radiocarbon ages both from macrofossils within the thickest layers, and gyttja bracketing these layers, provide the basis for correlation among the cores, the dating of 52 basin-wide sedimentation events, and the development of a detailed sedimentation chronology for the Holocene.Physical, chemical, and isotopic analyses suggest the inorganic layers are terrestrially derived and result from hydrologic events large enough to erode and transport sediment from the watershed into the pond. The temporal and spatial distribution of the inorganic layers suggests changing basin-wide sedimentation and thus erosion dynamics since deglaciation over 12,000 years ago. Specifically, for intervals lasting 400 to 1000 years, during the early (>8600 cal yBP), middle (6400 to 6800 cal yBP) and late Holocene (1800 to 2600 cal yBP), the Ritterbush Pond watershed eroded more rapidly than at other times and terrestrially derived material poured into the pond. Analysis of Ritterbush Pond sediments demonstrates the potential for North American lakes to preserve a record of drainage basin dynamics.  相似文献   

17.
Frozen sediment cores from Lake Pupuke in Auckland City, New Zealand, contain a high resolution decadal to annual scale record of changing lake paleoenvironments and geochemistry that reflects changing landuse and hydrology in the catchment over the past c. 190 years. A reliable chronology is available from AMS 14C and 210Pb dating of the sediments, with the timing of the older part of the record supported by the first appearance of pollen of introduced Pinus and Plantago lanceolata associated with European settlement of Auckland in the early 1840s. Diatom stratigraphy, sediment elemental and carbon isotope geochemistry reflect changes in sediment sources and lake conditions commensurate with European development of the Lake Pupuke catchment, in particular enhanced algal productivity controlled by the influx of nutrients after c. 1920 AD. Attempts to prevent nuisance algal blooms in 1933, 1934 and 1939 using CuSO4 addition produced Cu spikes in the sediment that allowed confirmation of the accuracy of the 210Pb chronology. Hence, the elemental and isotopic composition of the Lake Pupuke sediments reflect the timing of significant anthropogenic activities, rather than climatic variations, that have occurred within the watershed over the past c. 190 years. The comparison of records of land use change in the catchment with the multi-proxy record of changes in the sediments usually allowed unambiguous identification of the signatures of change and their causes.  相似文献   

18.
Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, possesses one of the most productive inland fisheries in the world and is a vital natural resource for the country. The lake is connected to the Mekong River via the Tonle Sap River. Flow in the Tonle Sap River reverses seasonally, with water exiting the lake in the dry season and entering the lake during the summer monsoon. This flood pulse drives the lake’s biological productivity. We used Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes and elemental concentrations in lake sediment cores to track changes in the provenance of deposits in Tonle Sap Lake. We sought to determine when the lake first began to receive water and sediment input via the Mekong River, which initiated flood pulse processes. The transition from a non-pulsing lake to the Mekong-connected system is marked by shifts to values of 87Sr/86Sr, εNd, and 207Pb/204Pb that are characteristic of Mekong River sediments. In addition, magnetic susceptibility increased and sediment elemental composition changed. Elemental (P) measures point to enhanced phosphorus loading and C/N and isotope ratios of bulk organic matter indicate a shift to greater relative contribution of organic material from aquatic versus terrestrial environments, coinciding with the initiation of flood pulse processes. On the basis of radiocarbon dating in two cores, we estimate the initiation of the annual flood pulse occurred between ~4,450 and 3,910 cal year BP.  相似文献   

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