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《Urban geography》2013,34(5):700-727
Port of Spain, Trinidad offers an ideal context in which to analyze pre-retirement return migration to a Global South urban realm, expanding transnational urban research beyond the conventional focus on Global North metropolitan destinations. In this article, we draw on the transnational narratives of a selected sample of relatively youthful Trinidadians, who have spent many years abroad acquiring education and professional experience, but who have then decided to return in mid-career to the capital region of the island nation of their birth, or of their parent(s). Theoretically, we position these returning professionals as members of a "middling" transnational urban class whose return is at least partly motivated by a desire to "make a difference." Our results contribute to a growing literature that documents the role of transnational middle-class urban elites returning elsewhere in the Carribbean: "middling" transnational urbanism is reshaping key facets of urbanization in the Global South. 相似文献
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Previous studies have shown that environmental values of inhabitants of urban areas differ to some extent from those of people living in rural contexts. In the light of increasing urbanization, it is sometimes argued that these differences are becoming even greater, as people are becoming more and more alienated from nature. In the context of a larger survey study on beliefs about forests and forest management among the general public in Germany and Sweden, the influences of people’s migration biographies on their patterns of forest usage, their environmental concerns about forests, and the expectations and values they ascribe to forests are explored. While previous findings on differences between urban and rural populations are confirmed, we also find variation within these groups depending on their history of moving between the two spatial categories. This study thus adds a dynamic aspect to the discussion on the urban–rural perspective on beliefs about forests. 相似文献
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Over the last two decades information technology (IT) outsourcing has grown dramatically, and has emerged as a strategic choice for firms searching for ways to control their costs and maintain a competitive edge. The mechanisms driving its growth are not fully understood though. In this research, we employ an approach that focuses on geographic, temporal, and industrial proximity in a mechanism that identifies the process underlying the diffusion of IT outsourcing across firms within the U.S from 2000 to 2010. We focus on the role that firm location plays in the diffusion process, and use space-time clustering techniques from the epidemiology literature to understand the diffusion process. We identify 38 space-time clusters based on IT outsourcing announcement data and the locations of firm headquarters among U.S.-based firms. When supplemented with additional information, such as type of services outsourced, the metropolitan area of the headquarters, and related industry information; the results offer insights into various types of diffusion processes that have been identified in the literature but have not been documented to date in the empirical manner that we have been able to do. 相似文献
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在不同经济模式下的城市人口迁移模式及其与经济发展的耦合关系都必然存在着差异,这里选取了具有典型的地理相似性和经济发展时序递差性的福建省和台湾省的主要城市（福州、厦门、泉州和台北、基隆、台中、台南、高雄）为研究对象,从迁入人口、迁出人口和净迁移人口3个角度,详尽地比较分析了这8大主要城市人口迁移模式的特征和差异,并在此基础上分别建立了闽台城市人口迁移模式与其社会经济发展阶段的耦合关系,以期能够为福建省未来的人口迁移的发展和管理提供一定的借鉴作用. 相似文献
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In this article, we contribute to a better understanding of contextual differences related to residential segregation. We illuminate one specific contextual factor—housing oversupply—and how it intersects with historically inherited patterns of socio-spatial differentiation and other drivers of residential segregation. The study is based on an analysis of how segregation has developed over the last 20 years in the city of Leipzig, Germany. This case offers the rare possibility of studying the impact of city-wide housing oversupply on residential segregation, rather than concentrating on decline or decay in specific areas. We examine how oversupply emerged at the meeting point of changes in market structures, housing preferences, welfare state interventions, and migration trends in the post-socialist transition. Using existing statistical data, we demonstrate how oversupply has fostered a fast and thorough reshuffling of residential patterns. After a period of resolving segregation patterns from the socialist era, oversupply acts as a catalyst for recently emerging residential segregation patterns. 相似文献
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Kontuly T Vogelsang R Schon KP Maretzke S 《International journal of population geography : IJPG》1997,3(1):31-47
"The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the post-unification East to West transfer of the German population on levels of spatial concentration and deconcentration in Eastern and Western Germany. Using 1991 internal migration data, it was found that German East-to-West migration served to deconcentrate regional population in the West, but concentrate population in the East. Regional variations in German East-to-West migration during 1991 can be explained by the availability of employment and housing, a distance-minimisation effect, and the location of relatives and friends." 相似文献
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受到历史、地理和地缘政治等因素的影响,德国的国家发展轨迹迥异于欧洲其他国家。1871年德国才建立真正意义上的民族国家,其民族国家的构建过程复杂而波折,演进历程又始终伴随着对“到底什么是德国？而德国又在哪里？”的讨论与思考。在国家发展进程中,德国先后采取了多种地缘战略,不同的地缘战略选择又直接影响着国家战略和民族命运,或迅速崛起,或迅速衰落。本文以历史上德国所采取的地缘战略为主线,探究不同历史时期地缘战略的产生背景、主要策略和重要影响。总结出特殊的地缘区位、落后时代的政治体制、独具特色的民族性格、良莠不齐的哲学根基和高度发达的教育科技五个因素为德国地缘战略的主要影响因素,进一步分析各因素的影响。剖析在这些地缘战略影响因素的交织作用下,德国在地缘战略的构划、制定、实施等方面形成的强烈自身特点。 相似文献
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中德务实合作是大国关系的典范,德国也是我国在西欧地区最大的客源国之一,因此研究德国旅华客源市场具有十分重要的现实意义。以连续多年的大量统计资料为基础,并利用季节性强度指数、GIS技术等研究方法,从人口统计学、时空结构和消费行为等三方面对德国旅华客源市场进行了全面审视,将分析结果与其他客源国市场进行了比较,结果表明：①人口统计学特征复杂,男性、中青年、观光游客和商务游客占据较大比重;②年际间游客人数总体增长,年内接待表现为双峰型,在华呈现“由沿海向内陆、由首都向华北”的扩散规律,出境离华后多以回到本国为主;③入境方式多样,参团比例高,人均消费高,但交通占去绝大部分,平均停留时间长;④可以从旅游合作领域、旅游产品供给和旅游服务质量三方面进行市场拓展。 相似文献
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In this paper, we investigate whether marriage‐related migration promotes socioeconomic mobility and how class belonging and educational background affects Thai women's migration experience and socioeconomic mobility. Drawing on qualitative interviews, supported by a questionnaire survey with Thai women living in Austria and who are in a relationship with a Western male citizen, we seek to dismantle simplistic notions about hypergamy and question common assumption about marrying up or down in migration contexts. We compare socioeconomic indicators such as formal education, occupation, and income before and after the migration and analyse migrants’ experiences in Austria. The results show a complex picture of upward and downward socioeconomic mobilities. Two distinct scenarios of paradoxical mobilities have been identified. On the one hand, some migrants feel empowered (when experiencing economic downward mobility) as they enjoy the freedom of living in Austria, while on the other hand, those migrants experiencing upward mobility feel a loss of their personal autonomy. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(4):335-349
Intraurban migration theory suggests that locational decisions are a function of housing subsectors, defined by quality, price, location, and tenure. The development of foreign ghettos in German cities is expected to increase if the intraurban migration and emigration-immigration behavior of Germans and foreigners is different among housing subsectors. In D'bsseldorf, five housing subsectors are present. Only the German population indicates differentiation between sectors. Differences in the individual foreigner nationalities are small, and the number of each group resident in a sector is the best indicator of future migration. On the basis of four years of migration data for a typical German city, it is projected that future ghetto formation in West Germany will be slow and hindered by the tight German housing market. 相似文献
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全球价值链下福州电子信息产业集群升级研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球化背景下,嵌入全球价值链的地方产业集群需要通过整合区域内外资源来实现自身的升级。基于全球价值链的研究视角,以福州电子信息产业集群为例剖析地方电子信息产业集群升级过程中遇到的困难和问题。结果表明：对外资的过分依赖,区域网络体系和支撑环境的薄弱是制约产业地方电子信息产业集群升级的重要因素。由此得出,在全球开放系统内培育一个不断发展和演变的总体支撑体系是地方电子信息产业集群升级的关键。 相似文献
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本文旨在更好地解读国家政策与移民流动性之间的相互关系。基于门槛分析方法,我们建立了关于边界、流动性和移民的基础理论,并重点探讨了具有移民倾向的个体心理过程。人们往往根据以下3个地理门槛作出移民抉择：一是关注迁移、离开熟悉的地方、跨越国界的想法;二是关注目的地区位及其边界和“接壤”(Bordering);三是关注迁移路径或途径。本文的案例主要来自欧盟和东南亚国家,分别包括荷兰和德国之间的跨界现象,2008年经济危机后欧盟的人口流动,2015-2016年期间欧盟和土耳其间的难民流动,菲律宾劳工移民,以及印度尼西亚—马来西亚迁徙通道等。最后,本文讨论了流动性和边界政策及治理。 相似文献
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It is widely accepted that environmental change can influence human migration. In particular, the environment plays a role in migration processes in drylands, in which environmental change—including increasing variability of rainfall, increasing frequency of droughts, chronic water shortage, and land degradation—can heavily influence migration. However, systematic large-scale studies of the relationship between environmental factors and human migration are rare, and a global, consistent picture of environmental drivers of migration is lacking. In this study, we sought to fill this gap by analysing spatial patterns of environmental drivers of migration in drylands by performing a cluster analysis on spatially explicit global data. In this analysis, we focused explicitly on precipitation, aridity, drought, land degradation, soil constraints, and availability of cropland and pastures as potential environmental drivers of migration in drylands. In addition, we linked the identified clusters to two observed hotspots of out-migration—Burkina Faso and Northeast Brazil—to gauge the cluster results. Our results show that environmental drivers can be grouped into eight distinct clusters, and we identified the most severe environmental constraints for each cluster. These results suggest that out-migration—both in absolute and relative terms—occurs most frequently in a cluster that is constrained primarily by land degradation rather than water availability. 相似文献
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BRIAN HEENAN 《New Zealand geographer》1999,55(1):12-24
The paper is based on autobiographical details of residential mobility for a small sample of New Zealand male career professionals collected in 1981. Classified by cohort and employment sector, the information is used to examine migration in the context of personal career development. Aspects explored include age of entry to the workforce, frequency of movement, migration and career promotion, and the spatial structure of migration. Also discussed, in conclusion, is the impact on career-related migration of the surge of national economic restructuring initiated in 1984. 相似文献
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Evaluating yearly net migration for the Federal Republic of Germany establishes the importance of demographic restructuring and government policies as explanations for the counterurbanization phenomenon. Counterurbanization, the spatial demographic deconcentration of regional population, is measured as an inverse relationship between the net migration rate and population sizes of functional urban regions. A counterurbanization pattern filtered-down from older to younger age-groups of the population, and appears related to an increasing preference for small-sized regions with natural amenities. For foreigners, a counterurbanization direction of movement can be explained by changes in immigration laws. While counterurbanization may be slowing down during the 1980s in certain developed countries, such as the United States, in the Federal Republic the phenomenon intensifies throughout the 1970–84 time period. Based on broad national demographic changes in combination with agespecific patterns of movement, this strong counterurbanization trend should continue well into the future. 相似文献
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"Despite the widespread interest in the changing geographies of national migration regimes, it is somewhat remarkable that no widely accepted measure of the spatial concentration or focus exhibited by such geographies has emerged. We examine four of the most popular indices of inequality in this paper and contrast their performance as measures of spatial focus. Adopting the coefficient of variation as our preferred alternative, we go on to examine the spatial focus of aggregate interstate migration steams in the U.S. over time. Then we consider disaggregations of the migration streams by age, race and nativity, and examine the role of states as national redistributors of these same subpopulations." 相似文献
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Maruja Milagros B. Asis Shirlena Huang Brenda S.A. Yeoh 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2004,25(2):198-215
The migration of women engaged in transnational domestic work reveals how the uneven impacts of globalisation have intruded into the micro‐world of families and households. In this age of globalisation and migration, family membership has become multisited or transnational, with members dispersed in space. The migration of workers and the separation this entails has raised challenges to notions and ideals of “being family”. Unlike other workers on the move, the migration of domestic workers has some distinctive characteristics. It can be framed in terms of women moving between families and households; workers whose departure from their family of origin and insertion into their family of employment reconstitute the structure and content of family relationships in both material and imagined ways. Drawing on in‐depth interviews conducted in the Philippines and Singapore, we explore how migrant women and their family members define and negotiate family ideals, gender identities and family relationships, given the family's transnational configuration. Our findings provide some support to the notion that individual members in transnational families resort to “relativising” in fashioning responses to their situation. 相似文献
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Wildlife governance principles (WGPs) identify desirable governance characteristics for wildlife conservation in the United States (US). The types of institutional, ecological, and socio-cultural challenges that WGPs are designed to address also affect governance of public natural resources other than wildlife and in places other than the US. This raises the possibility that a similar set of governance principles might help natural resource professionals working in other resource contexts address the particular challenges they face. We describe the process by which we developed WGPs and offer seven practically oriented questions to help natural resource professionals ascertain whether a similar set of principles could improve governance in their context. In some contexts, minor modification of WGPs might be appropriate; in others, the process by which we developed WGPs could serve as a blueprint for formulating appropriate principles. 相似文献