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2017年6月24日,四川省茂县叠溪镇新磨村突发特大滑坡碎屑流灾害,造成大量人员伤亡及房屋损坏,针对该滑坡特征及成因机制,相关学者已经取得一定研究成果,然对其动力学过程与特征的认知还相对缺乏。为解决这一问题,本文引入兼具欧拉算法和拉格朗日算法优势,适用于大变形及长距运动模拟计算的物质点法进行模拟分析。通过分析滑坡全程位移时程曲线、速度时程曲线和等效塑性应变变化特征,揭示其动力演化过程。现场调查与模拟结果表明,崩滑体启动后呈整体运移,与下方坡体碰撞解体,转化为碎屑流,不同时刻同一位置的坡体形态、质点等效塑性应变发展趋势以及能量时程变化曲线均进一步反映碎屑流碰撞破碎和刮铲侵蚀的过程。数值模拟计算与Scheidegger提出的理论计算方法获得的碎屑流速度特征吻合,可以在一定程度上反映滑坡的致灾能力。模拟结果综合反映了滑坡启动及动力演化过程。 相似文献
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《山地学报》2015,(5)
高速远程滑坡碎屑流以其极高的动能和超远的位移而著称,往往对其危害范围内的构筑物和人类活动等造成严重的破坏。其高速远程效应机理一直是国内外学者研究的热点,但其防灾减灾工程在目前仍没有形成一套完善的体系。基于此,采用2D离散元模型对四川绵竹清平文家沟地震滑坡引发的碎屑流及其运动过程进行了详尽研究。数值模型对现实模型进行了一定的简化。通过数值模拟实验,验证了实际工况下的文家沟碎屑流运动情况,并在此基础上研究了不同摩擦系数条件下的碎屑流堆积情况以及三种形状的防护结构体(重力式挡墙、倾斜式结构体、月牙形结构体)对碎屑流的耗能能力。通过研究发现:人工防护结构体可以很好地耗散碎屑流的动能;多层防护结构可以提高对碎屑流动能的耗散能力:月牙形结构体对于控制碎屑流滑程有明显的优势。所得结论对今后类似的研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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在沟谷地形中,滑坡碎屑流的运动常受到地形的影响,导致其运动方向发生改变,进而影响到滑坡运动速度和堆积特征。本文利用三维离散元素法,对四川都江堰三溪村高速远程滑坡进行模拟,研究滑坡体不同部位的块体失稳后,在沟道偏转地形主导下的滑坡碎屑流前缘的运动速度、各部位滑体的速度变化过程和堆积特征,并提出沟道偏转地形耗能模型分析了地形偏转造成的动能消耗。研究结果显示:滑坡前缘在地形偏转位置运动方向发生变化,导致运动速度突降;由于滑坡不同部位的滑块相对于地形偏转点具有不同的撞击角度,导致其撞击后产生不同的偏转角度,滑块的偏转角度越大,速度变化越大;由沟道偏转地形导致的滑坡运动速度减小反映了偏转地形对滑坡的动能产生的耗散,动能耗散率与cos~2θ(θ为偏转地形在水平面上的偏转角度)成反比;不同部位滑块的堆积长度随偏转角度的增大而减小。本研究分析了沟谷地形偏转对滑坡碎屑流运动速度作用机制及不同部位岩土体堆积范围的影响,可为该类地形条件下滑坡的运动机制研究和防灾减灾工作提供参考。 相似文献
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《山地学报》2016,(6)
现场调查的数据分析表明:同等规模体积的中、小型滑坡碎屑流的运动参数存在较大的差异,这些参数的差异源于滑坡体积、岩土体特性和地形条件耦合作用的结果,理论分析和数值计算常常不能完全解释其机理。因此,在模型试验的基础上,运用极差、方差分析等方法,探讨了滑坡碎屑流的体积、颗粒级配和斜坡坡度对坡脚下的水平运动距离、等效摩擦系数的影响。研究表明:滑坡碎屑流体积在同等规模等级和相同的落差条件下,3种因素对坡脚下水平运动距离的影响大小依次为颗粒级配、斜坡坡度和体积。颗粒级配对碎屑流坡脚下的水平运动距离的影响非常显著,而同等规模内变化的体积的影响不显著。因素对等效摩擦系数的影响大小顺序为斜坡坡度、颗粒级配和体积。坡度对碎屑流等效摩擦系数的影响非常显著,而同等规模内变化的体积的影响不显著。 相似文献
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《山地学报》2018,(5)
滑坡碎屑流的冲击是一个持续的,由大量粗细不均匀的碎屑岩粒及粗大块石共同作用的复杂力学冲击过程,冲击压力的大小和分布范围呈现一定的规律变化。以室内物理模型试验的数据为依据,运用三维离散元素法,提出滑体等效冲击力和等效冲击作用位置,探讨不同级配条件下,滑坡碎屑流冲击力的分布特征。结果表明,滑体冲击挡墙的过程可划分为动态冲击阶段和准静态堆积阶段。动态冲击过程中,滑体细颗粒组分摩擦耗能显著,导致滑体冲击力及其作用高度减小;粒径为20mm及以上粗颗粒间的碰撞作用促进了滑体内部的能量传递,导致滑体冲击力及作用高度增加,峰值冲击力呈分散性分布,峰值冲击力沿竖直高度方向的集中趋势不显著。准静态堆积阶段,挡墙所受接触力主要为后续滑体颗粒冲击能量的碰撞传递及重力分量的累积。滑坡碎屑流滑动带两侧场地条件基本相同的情况下,滑体等效冲击力的水平分布位置主要集中于迎流面中轴线附近,受颗粒级配条件影响较小。 相似文献
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冲击力力链特征反映了碎屑流颗粒间的接触关系,为滑坡碎屑流冲击力特性的研究提供了一个新的理论方法。以物理模型实验数据为依据,借助离散元模拟软件PFC~(2D),探究不同岩土体颗粒级配条件下,力链配位数、超强力链、强力链、弱力链占比和强弱力链分布位置的相关特性。结果表明,碎屑流在运动过程中,力链配位数和强、超强力链占比会经历一个先波动减小再增加最后保持稳定的过程,并且力链配位数与颗粒的平均速度呈负相关关系;岩土体颗粒级配中的不均匀系数C_u是影响力链配位数、超强力链、强力链、弱力链占比的主要因素;在碎屑流冲击挡墙过程中,强、超强力链主要集中于底部区域,并且随着粗大颗粒含量的增加,超强力链配位数峰值的作用位置逐渐升高。 相似文献
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2010-07-27凌晨,四川省汉源县万工集镇后山因持续暴雨而突发高位高速远程滑坡-碎屑流,最大滑程约1.4 km,启动时滑坡体约48×104m3,沿线裹挟和铲刮沟谷及其两侧边坡松散体,到达坡脚部位滑坡碎屑流体积增大至100×104m3,最终导致沿沟的双合村一组5户20名村民失踪及下游万工集镇部分房屋被掩埋而倾倒破坏。滑坡启动区发育于万工集镇后侧二蛮山大沟内,沟左侧为二叠系灰岩(P1y),顺坡倾向沟内;右侧为强风化的二叠系峨眉山玄武岩(P2β),节理极发育;沟内早期堆积物丰富,特别是沟上游还存在一大型古滑坡体;这些不稳定物源在有利地形条件及降雨诱发下极易形成滑坡。原始沟谷上游高位陡峭地形导致山体具备高位潜在势能,具备形成高位高速远程滑坡-碎屑流的地形条件。2010-07-24—26的降雨是触发此起特大灾害的主要原因,累计降雨量达163 mm,在水的作用下启程剧动并高速下滑。采用将今论古的地质方法,从地质构造、地层序列、岩体坡体结构及坡体变形等角度研究了二蛮山滑坡孕育的地质演化史,再现了滑坡区域历史时期中重要的地质活动过程。 相似文献
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《山地学报》2017,(4)
2013年4月20日四川省芦山县发生Ms7.0级强烈地震,诱发芦山县、天全县、宝兴县等多个县区2500多处崩塌、落石、滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害,但规模较小。天全县老杨乡汤家沟滑坡-碎屑流是此次地震诱发的最大一处滑坡,在地震作用下约有53万m~3的岩体自滑源区高速滑出。因剪出口下方山脊的阻挡作用滑体沿左右两侧发生分叉,此后分别沿春尖窝沟和干沟头沟高速运动,滑行约340 m和440 m后与各自沟谷侧壁发生撞击、爬坡解体为碎屑流,碰撞转向后继续向下滑行,总滑行距离约1.6 km,高程差约480 m。尽管关于芦山地震滑坡的研究很多,但对滑坡全过程动态模拟的研究较少。本文通过滑坡现场调查,解析了汤家沟滑坡的基本运动特征和滑体运动过程中发生的碰撞、铲刮、堆积等现象,并基于DAN3D动力分析软件,采用Friction-Voellmy复合模型反演了汤家沟滑坡运动全过程,得到了滑体的堆积、速度分布以及铲刮等特征。 相似文献
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就滑坡组成和发生机制,与<贵州关岭"6.28"特大滑坡特征和成因机理>一文作者进行商榷.笔者认为"超压密岩土边坡失稳理论"可以较好的解释大寨滑坡-碎屑流灾害的突然发生."上硬下软"坡体结构,是大寨滑坡发生的地质基础;强降雨快速入渗,是导致岩层裂隙和大气突然贯通,负压立即消失,高陡坡体迅即失稳的诱因. 相似文献
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滑坡变形监测系统深部与地表变形关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡的孕育、演变、发生是一个累进性变形破坏过程,开展滑坡变形的长期监测工作对滑坡稳定性评价、滑坡的预测预报及治理具有重要的工程意义。目前,滑坡变形监测多集中于坡体表部,很难系统获得反映滑坡稳定性的深部变形资料。本文以某溃屈型滑坡为例,初步分析了滑坡深表部变形的关系,为滑坡稳定性分析及变形破坏趋势预测提供了依据。 相似文献
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Viscoelastic relaxation and long-lasting after-slip following the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) earthquakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. E. M. Riva A. Borghi A. Aoudia R. Barzaghi R. Sabadini G. F. Panza 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(2):534-546
We combine Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements with forward modelling of viscoelastic relaxation and after-slip to study the post-seismic deformation of the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Apennines) moderate shallow earthquake sequence. Campaign GPS measurements spanning the time period 1999–2003 are depicting a clear post-seismic deformation signal. Our results favour a normal faulting rupture model where most of the slip is located in the lower part of the seismogenic upper crust, consistent with the rupture models obtained from the inversion of strong motion data. The preferred rheological model, obtained from viscoelastic relaxation modelling, consists of an elastic upper crust, underlain by a transition zone with a viscosity of 1018 Pa s, while the rheology of deeper layers is not relevant for the observed time-span. Shallow fault creep and after-slip at the base of the seismogenic upper crust are the first order processes behind the observed post-seismic deformation. The deep after-slip, below the fault zone at about 8 km depth, acting as a basal shear through localized time-dependent deformation, identifies a rheological discontinuity decoupling the seismogenic upper crust from the low-viscosity transition zone. 相似文献
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据优势面分析原理和方法,对金龙山地区斜坡各种结构面所作的优势面分析结果显示:浅层强风化岩体中顺坡向剪切裂隙,是控制浅层顺层滑坡发生发展的滑动优势面;深层弱风化岩体中粘土岩风化软弱夹层、斜坡上段拉张裂隙与斜坡下段顺坡向剪切裂隙三者相组合,是控制深层顺层滑坡发生的滑动优势面。当地受滑动优势面控制的滑坡变形破坏模式有:浅层为蠕滑—拉裂,深层为滑移—弯曲。 相似文献
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针对四川宝兴县大板桥堵江滑坡堆积体,在现场调查分析的基础上,对其作坝存在的主要工程地质问题及作坝的可行性进行了分析研究,为开展堵江滑坡作坝提供参考。 相似文献
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Evolution of a large Miocene growth structure in the upper plate of the Whipple detachment fault, northeastern Whipple Mountains, California 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the north-eastern Whipple Mountains, California, and the north-western Aubrey Hills, Arizona, accumulated in the upper plate of the Whipple detachment fault during regional extension and slip on the detachment. Miocene rocks in this area can be divided into three sequences: (1) pre-18.5-Ma dominantly volcanic rocks; (2) the 18.5-Ma Peach Springs Tuff; and (3) post-18.5-Ma dominantly sedimentary rocks. Important stratigraphic markers in sequence 3 include a 100- to 14–0-m-thick basalt unit and the voluminous War Eagle landslide, both of which correlate across Lake Havasu from the north-east Whipple Mountains to the Aurbrey Hills. We divide clastic sedimentary rocks of sequence 3 into three informal members: (3a) conglomerate and sandstone stratigraphically beneath the basalt; (3b) conglomerate and sandstone above the basalt and below the War Eagle landslide; and (3c) conglomerate and sandstone that overlie the War Eagle landslide. Detailed stratigraphic analysis and field mapping reveal dramatic south-westward thickening of member 3b strata, from about 50 m in the Aubrey Hills to over 1500 m in the north-east Whipple Mountains. In the north-east Whipple Mountains, this thick dipping section is overlain by the War Eagle landslide along a major angular unconformity; in the Aubrey Hills the base of the War Eagle landslide is roughly parallel to bedding dips of underlying strata. The above stratigraphic relationships can be explained by syndepositional growth of a rollover monocline by progressive tilting of the hangingwall above a master listric normal fault (Whipple detachment fault). This phase of upper-plate deformation began shortly after deposition of the basalt and ended prior to emplacement of the War Eagle landslide. Interbedded breccias low in member 3b, about 100 m above the basalt, record the first appearance of mylonitic detritus in the section. Growth of this upper-plate rollover was thus initiated at about the same time (shortly after deposition of the basalt) that the lower plate of the Whipple detachment fault was first exposed at the earth's surface by tectonic denudation and large-scale crustal uplift. These events are interpreted to record initiation of a secondary breakaway fault on the north-east flank of the growing Whipple detachment dome shortly after deposition of the basalt at about 14.5 (±1.0) Ma. 相似文献
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高位滑坡的运动转化形式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高位滑坡剪出口高于坡脚,它一旦滑离滑坡发生区,运动可能转化成四种形式:1.崩塌:由滑体经分级解体滑过剪出口处依次向前倾倒而成;2.碎屑流动或3.碎屑滑动:由滑动块体经碎屑化而成;4.泥石流:在适当的细粒物质量和水体条件下生成的碎屑流动。 相似文献
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采用工程地质钻探、物探、地质测绘及室内试验等技术方法探讨飞鹅山Ⅲ号滑坡形成机理与防治技术。结果表明：1）滑坡体主要岩性为泥质粉砂岩,飞鹅山滑坡属于新形成的深层中型牵引式滑坡,在平面上呈圈椅状。2）滑坡属于双层滑面滑坡,主滑面以中型深层滑坡为主,主滑体上部发育中型中厚层滑坡。3）滑坡产生的原因为：①泥质粉砂岩倾向与坡向基本一致,且岩层倾角为中等倾角;②人工开挖使坡脚形成高陡临空面,抗滑力大为降低;③雨水沿层面及节理裂隙入渗至坡体深部,大大增加岩土体容重,同时泥质粉砂岩遇水软化,抗剪强度显著降低。4）结合该滑坡区地质环境条件,采用坡面削坡+锚杆（索）+格构梁+双排预应力锚拉抗滑桩+三维网植草绿化+截排水+毛石挡墙的综合治理方法进行防治,监测结果显示该滑坡变形及位移已得到有效控制,整治效果良好。 相似文献
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Evolution of monolithological breccia deposits in supradetachment basins, Whipple Mountains, California 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Extensive sheets of monolithological breccia (megabreccia) within detachment-fault systems of the North American Cordillera have been identified as large landslides. Although the origin of the megabreccia deposits is controversial, their spatial and temporal association with detachment-fault systems implies a causal relationship between the initiation of such landslides and motion along detachment faults. Emplacement may have been catastrophic following seismic activity, or slow, as the result of gravity gliding. Nevertheless, comprehensive analysis of these deposits provides important constraints on the evolution of supradetachment basins by detailing the unroofing history, palaeotopography and palaeoseismicity of detachment-fault systems. An extensive Miocene landslide deposit, the War Eagle landslide, in the north-eastern Whipple Mountains, provides an opportunity for such an endeavour to elucidate: (1) the cause and timing of its initiation; (2) mechanism for its emplacement; (3) nature of the apparent association of the landslide with detachment-fault development; and (4) role of the megabreccia in the development of supradetachment basins. Cross-sections were drawn through the deposit to determine the geometry and kinematic development of the landslide. Additionally, a simple mechanical model based on limit equilibrium force balance was designed to explore physical mechanisms that controlled its creation. The results of this model combined with field relationships suggest that the Whipple detachment fault was active at an angle of less than 30° with displacement most likely accompanied by the release of seismic energy. Continued extensional evolution of the Whipple detachment fault caused tilting of the upper-plate strata and the formation of numerous half and full grabens as well as roll-over structures. Rocks from the lower plate were brought to the surface during the later stages of detachment-fault activity thereby producing sufficient topographic relief for large landslides to be seismically activated. Increased pore-fluid pressure in the footwall subjacent to the Whipple detachment fault probably aided landslide initiation. The landslide was emplaced onto the upper plate of the detachment fault, providing a significant amount of material into the evolving supradetachment basin. Although the rate of emplacement of the megabreccia remains uncertain, penetrative fracturing throughout the breccia sheet is evidence that emplacement occurred catastrophically. The results of this study indicate that Tertiary megabreccias were emplaced during continued detachment-fault evolution, implying oversteepened topography and seismicity of these low-angle systems. 相似文献