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1.
围绕资源规模和供给能力,资源开发对经济的支撑力、人类对资源的可持续利用能力3个维度,构建基于资源开发利用的可持续发展模型,将可持续发展的程度分为可持续发展、基本可持续发展、基本不可持续发展、不可持续发展4个类型,并提出了评价模式与评价方法,通过指标体系对乌昌地区进行了实证分析,得出乌昌地区总体上处于可持续发展类型的结论。对以资源开发利用为支撑的区域未来发展方向进行了思考,认为优势资本转换是其可持续发展的最终途径,并从规范资源开发与利用的主体、发展循环经济、引导资源型产业郊区化、培育接续产业4个方面提出了可持续发展的措施。 相似文献
2.
通过界定敏感性参数的含义,认为参数的敏感性是系统对某一指参数的变化的敏感程度,以此为依据建立M-YAS模型分析参数的敏感性。以佛山市为例选取37 项影响水资源可持续的参数,分析水资源可持续性的参数敏感性问题,结果表明：37项反映水资源可持续性的参数中,仅13 项参数（生活用水定额、林牧渔畜用水量、工业用水定额、农田灌溉用水量、工业用水量、耕地灌溉定额、万元工业增加值用水量、火电冷却用水量、城乡生活用水量、工业节水、万元生产总值用水量、生活节水和农业节水）对于水资源可持续性的目标层而言是敏感性参数,且13项参数均来自用水结构与效率的准则层,说明区域水资源可持续性的目标层对用水结构与效率的准则层较为敏感。 相似文献
3.
A consistent finding in the literature on Indigenous peoples is the importance of the sustainability of land, language and culture. All three are related, with the maintenance of one helping to protect the others. This paper uses a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of the Indigenous Australian population to look at the factors associated with individual measures of sustainability. Geography matters for those in remote areas who are much more likely to have participated in hunting, fishing and gathering than those in non-remote areas and somewhat more likely to be learning an Indigenous language. However, those in remote areas are somewhat less likely to have participated in Indigenous cultural production. Participation in the mainstream economy is not necessarily a barrier to these aspects of wellbeing as those with high levels of formal education were more likely to speak, understand or be learning an Indigenous language. While important in their own right, such aspects of sustainability also have the potential to directly contribute to narrower measures of social and emotional wellbeing. A positive relationship was found between the sustainability of Indigenous land, language and culture and an Indigenous person's subjective emotional wellbeing. 相似文献
4.
如何协调干旱区生态环境保护与绿洲农业生态化发展之间的关系,避免绿洲系统的荒漠化,是实现绿洲人地系统可持续发展过程中亟待解决的关键问题。本文以伊宁县为例,利用能值分析和相图理论,深入分析了温带干旱区绿洲农业生产系统的时序演化状况与发展趋势,进而提出了相应的调控措施。研究结论如下:(1)1989–2008年,伊宁县绿洲农业生态系统的能值总投入和总产出均呈持续增长趋势。(2)基于能值指标的可持续性分析表明,目前伊宁县农业生产系统仍处于可持续发展的状态,但可持续发展指数ESI呈现出波动下降的趋势;(3)基于相图理论的可持续线情景分析表明,F导向模式和N导向模式均有其局限性,在伊宁县农业生产系统今后的发展中,应采取R导向模式。即保持系统中当地不可更新资源利用比率的基本稳定,使得经济反馈能值的使用比率和本地不可更新资源的使用比率同步减少,籍此提高当地可更新资源对农产品生产的贡献率,保证系统的可持续发展。 相似文献
5.
农业工业化和“去地化”的生产模式、不透明的流通过程以及膨胀的消费欲望致使饮食系统危机不断,其可持续性成为全球尺度的挑战。当前饮食系统的可持续性研究面临尺度问题,涉及从全球地方的目标转化,以及从地方到全球的经验反馈两个方面。首先,全球尺度的可持续目标宏大包容,但是对地方尺度的差异性缺乏关照。其次,部分西方国家的可持续实践垄断了经验表达,过于重视社区等微观尺度而忽略了其他尺度的潜在作用,引发“尺度陷阱”。本文深入剖析中国、巴西、南非的饮食系统内部各类参与者的可持续性建构,提出全球和地方可持续饮食系统互动的尺度逻辑：① 从全球到地方的目标转化需要兼顾地方差异。中国、巴西、南非各自生成优先的可持续目标,分别针对食品安全、食物原真性和食物浪费、结构性的食物匮乏等问题。这些目标之间充满张力和博弈,不能等同替代。② 从地方到全球的经验反馈需要打破西方经验赋予的微观尺度的优越性,转向跨尺度的实践。发展中国家的可持续实践路径的要义在于发挥饮食系统各类参与者的能动性,调动资源形成有效的跨尺度行动网络。③ 发展中国家的经验表明尺度本身是方法,而不是目的,每个具体的可持续目标与适切的尺度方法匹配。有必要研究建议挖掘多元、差异的可持续模式,更加有针对性地促进当地乃至全球饮食系统的可持续发展。 相似文献
6.
Operationalising sustainability science for a sustainability directive? Reflecting on three pilot projects 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will challenge traditional single discipline or single issue approaches to research, requiring instead new forms such as 'sustainability science'. Sustainability science requires the integration of multiple perspectives to resolve place-based problems. This paper will illustrate some of the challenges and emergent understandings that were observed during three research projects that could be characterised as attempting to practice sustainability science. The first two projects focused on designing and developing an integrated assessment approach to analyse possible programmes of measures for the WFD. The third project is an evaluation of a European project that piloted specific measures that might be implemented under WFD. The findings highlight the institutional changes required to deliver sustainability science. To summarise, both the 'rules-in-use' and the 'play-of-the-game', to use the language of the institutional analysis and development framework, will have to change to provide sufficient incentives to make the transition from traditional science to sustainability science. 相似文献
7.
南海渔业开发为维护我国渔业利益和海洋权益发挥了重大作用,近年来急速衰退的渔业资源和不断升温的冲突态势亟须寻找治理革新的突破口。基于此,首先从南海渔业资源环境特点、南海渔业资源开发利用历史沿革与现状,辨析南海渔业时空格局,指出南海渔业资源环境具有跨越国家界线的互通性、整体性与相互依赖性,且周边国家和地区对南海渔业高度依赖,并已经造成资源环境严重衰退。其次通过对南海渔业冲突和南海渔业资源治理所面临的挑战的梳理,指出引发南海渔业冲突的条件今后很可能更加普遍,亟需南海各方共同面对渔业可持续性危机,而南海地区面临的渔业资源环境退化、系统认知不足、区域协作有限等共性挑战与利益诉求,可成为促进区域合作的纽带。最后以区域渔业资源治理为抓手,提出了构建南海命运共同体的建设思路：从推动绿色水产养殖、增强资源环境修复、深化科研共享等方面开展务实的渔业资源治理合作;在区域、国家、地方层面完善跨尺度的海洋治理措施落实体系,协同提升国家层面的顶层涉海涉渔政策设计,强化地方、私营部门和公民个人在南海区域共建中的作用;从建立健全区域组织和完善区域海洋法制推动构建区域层面合作治理体系。 相似文献
8.
基于资源承载力的区域可持续发展评价模式探讨 --对珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展的初步评价 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
讨论区域可持续发展评价的现状,将资源的概念广义化,把资源划分成为自然资源,经济资源和社会资源三类,将自然,社会,经济三个子系统的作用量化为三类资源的人口承载能力,一个地区各类资源承载能力之和与当年实际人口数量之比可以作为区域可持续发展年度评价指标,根据１９９６年统计数据,应用这一模式对珠江三角经济区９个城市评价的结果,表明其仍处在可持续发展轨道上,它们的可持续发展能力大小依次是;广州,惠州,肇庆, 相似文献
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10.
玛纳斯河流域绿洲土地利用可持续性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用层次分析法和物元模型,从土地利用潜力、社会经济状况和生态环境压力3个方面选取了15个评价指标对1987年、1998年和2006年新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲土地利用的可持续性进行了综合评价。3个指标层极大程度地决定了绿洲土地利用的可持续性。结果表明,玛纳斯河流域绿洲土地利用的可持续性,在1987年、1998年和2006年处于V3临界可持续性水平,并在3个时期呈升高趋势。土地利用潜力为先升后降,并在1987年与2006年隶属于V3临界可持续性水平、1998年处于V2较可持续水平;土地社会经济状况在3个时段呈持续升高,并分别处于V4、V3和V2等级;土地生态环境压力呈持续降低,并在1987年处于V3水平,而随后两个时段均为V4不可持续水平。 相似文献
11.
北方土石山区坡耕地水土保持措施的 空间有效配置 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
坡耕地是北方土石山区水土流失的重要策源地,为了有效防治坡耕地水土流失,提高坡耕地持续利用,分析了不同水土保持措施在坡耕地上的适用范围,研究结果显示,耕作措施的水土保持效益随着坡度的增加而降低,在0°~6°的坡度范围内水土保持效果最佳;坡改梯工程的适用范围广泛,水土保持效益稳定,但在陡坡上实施坡改梯工程的难度和成本将显著增加,维护费用高,且土地的损失量大,不宜在土地资源紧张的贫困山区大面积推广;植物篱措施的水土保持效益受坡度的限制性小,在25°以下的坡地上都能收到良好的水土保持效果,且投资少,适合在在广大贫困山区使用。因此,根据北方土石山区的坡耕地的特点及不同水土保持措施最佳适用范围,坡耕地被划分为4个坡度范围分别进行水土保持措施的优化配置,即0°~5°平地及浅丘地采取以耕作措施为主进行治理,5°~15°缓中坡耕地采用以梯田措施为主、植物篱措施为辅进行治理,15°~25°的坡耕地采用植物篱措施为主进行治理,25°以上坡耕地必须退耕还林还草。 相似文献
12.
Cleophas Lado 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1999,20(2):148-168
This paper examines four issues central to the relationships between environmental resources, population and sustainability in Zimbabwe. First, the conceptualisation of population-resource interrelationships and sustainability. Second, the legal basis of land use practices and origins of land use conflict within and between Zimbabwe's main population groups. Third, the demographic threats to sustainable resource development and the impact of the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) on rural and urban communities. Fourth, the dynamics of population change and environmental resource use constraints including resettlement and land redistribution or reform programmes. It is concluded that the relationships between environmental degradation and population pressure are complex. Sustainable environmental resource use to supply basic livelihoods can be achieved if appropriate technical expertise or backup is provided to the population. Developing and implementing sustainable resource development strategies in Zimbabwe requires attention to socio-economic and political challenges. 相似文献
13.
This paper examines the differing modes of insertion of the Australian and New Zealand apple industries into world apple markets, part of the evolving global fresh fruit complex. It is argued that the mix and behaviours of key actors in the global apple industry are realigning market links and production systems. Industry actors in Australia and New Zealand are confronting issues of quality and sustainability as a result of pressures from consumers, regulatory measures in traditional and emerging markets, and new technologies of production and distribution. Governments are laying the foundations of national, regional and industry sustainability policies. An examination of the detailed structure and adjustments of the apple industry in Hawkes Bay and Tasmania reveals considerable differences in local responses, institutions and degree of restructuring of markets. The preferences and quality control requirements of export markets are increasingly important, to the extent that cultural dimensions appear to be altering the commodification process. 相似文献
14.
ANTHONY YOUNG 《The Geographical journal》2005,171(1):83-95
Attitudes to population policy taken by major international institutions display a lack of symmetry. Population-based institutions forcefully set out the effects of population on development and human welfare. In contrast, institutions and lobbies concerned with hunger, poverty and environment, brought together at the 2003 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, treat population growth as a given, independent, variable. This paper gives a land resources viewpoint. It includes a case study of Malawi and cross-country statistical comparisons. Official estimates of the extent of spare land, cultivable but not presently cultivated, are challenged. It is concluded that in low-income, food-deficit countries population increase has reduced, in some areas nullified, advances in agricultural development. Following the 1994 UN Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, a set of ethically acceptable measures for reducing population growth received general acceptance. All concerned with poverty, hunger and environment should follow the policy road from Cairo to Johannesburg. If greater efforts are not made to reduce rates of population increase, the targets of the Millennium declaration will not be met, and the suffering which these cause will continue. Statements about agriculture, food security, poverty and sustainability should recognize that population is not an external variable but an integral part of development. 相似文献
15.
可持续性可通过区域生态足迹水平进行衡量。采用净初级生产力构建了内蒙古各盟（市）草地资源的均衡因子和产量因子。以每5 a为一期,测算了内蒙古草地1990—2020年的生态足迹,并结合人口分布数据刻画了生态足迹的空间分布状况;在此基础上应用土地可持续模型评价了内蒙古草地资源的可持续性。结果表明：（1） 内蒙古各盟（市）草地的产量因子差异较大,整体呈东高西低的特点。（2） 生态承载力在空间上也呈东高西低特点,30 a人均生态承载力整体呈小幅度下降趋势。（3） 人均生态足迹逐期上升,2000—2005年由生态盈余转变为生态赤字。生态足迹较高的区域集中在通辽市、锡林浩特市、二连浩特市、乌兰察布市南部和鄂尔多斯市东部地区。（4） 内蒙古草地资源可持续性逐期下降,由1990年的中度可持续性退化为2020年的弱不可持续性。可持续性退化严重的区域集中在呼和浩特市、包头市和乌海市。研究结果旨在为内蒙古草地资源的可持续利用提供可靠的理论基础。 相似文献
16.
基于能值理论的奈曼旗农业生态经济系统可持续性分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
应用能值分析理论与方法对奈曼旗农业生态经济系统的能值流进行分析,通过典型能值分析指标的计算对其系统可持续性进行评估。结果表明：奈曼旗农业生态经济系统2004年能值投入总量为1.47E+21 sej(solar energy joules),不可更新环境资源和不可更新工业辅助能投入分别占26.11％和35.78％;系统能值产出为3.23E+21 sej,其中畜牧业能值产出比重高达72.52％。2004年系统农业经济发展水平和农牧民生活质量低于中国2000年农业的平均水平,但系统净能值产出率较高,在争取经济输入能值方面具有优势。系统可持续水平高于2000年全国农业生态系统的可持续水平,但不可更新环境资源的大量损耗给该地区农业的可持续发展带来了隐患。2000—2004年期间系统能值投入中工业辅助能投入比重逐年增加,相应的农业生态经济系统能值产出增长了78％,其中畜牧业能值产出增长了104.10％。在农业经济水平和农牧民生活水平稳步提高的同时,系统的环境负载率逐年上升,能值可持续性指数有下降趋势。 相似文献
17.
山东寿光滨海国家湿地公园湿地保护与恢复措施和工程探析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东寿光滨海国家湿地公园中,湿地类型多样,动植物资源丰富,珍稀濒危物种和特有种多,具有很高的保护价值.该湿地公园中的湿地为典型的人工湿地,在经历了人类活动的高强度干扰后,人工湿地明显退化,亟需通过生态技术或生态工程对退化的湿地进行恢复和保护.通过分析区域现有湿地水文、水质条件以及湿地类型、资源现状和目标保护物种分布,综合考虑水源地,以湿地资源有效保护为根本出发点,运用生态保护规划的理论和方法,通过水系贯通、湿地功能恢复、水质和动植物生境改善等一系列生态重点工程和措施,优化该湿地公园的湿地生态环境,使该公园的湿地充分发挥它的多种功能,为该公园的湿地保护与恢复规划提供科学依据. 相似文献
18.
Ursula Lang 《Urban geography》2013,34(4):477-485
In the past 20 years, municipal governments across the United States have increasingly tried to incorporate environmental efforts into city business and policies. Urban sustainability has become the key concept around which such activities are organized. Official sustainability plans are most often implemented through indicators and metrics. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, urban gardening, in a variety of forms, has been the focus of ongoing citizen- and NGO-led environmental efforts, as well as municipal measures of sustainability. Here, debates around the recent adoption of a city urban agriculture policy, as well as a program to encourage the installation of raingardens in neighborhoods across the city, reveal some of the rich variations in gardening practices and spaces. These far exceed the relatively narrow official focus on sustainability indicators. Better understanding how urban sustainability initiatives might work with, but also move beyond, indicators may provide directions toward wider visions of sustainable urban life. 相似文献
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Alan B. Dixon 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(3):341-356
Local community based institutions that coordinate the management of natural resources have been linked to socioecological resilience, adaptation and sustainability within rural livelihood systems throughout the developing world. The resilience and sustainability of related local institutions, however, is influenced by their relationship with external actors and institutions, particularly in facilitating, supporting or hindering local institutional arrangements. From this standpoint, this paper examines the case of local community based institutions involved in wetland management in western Ethiopia. Drawing upon the findings of participatory fieldwork undertaken in eight wetland‐using communities of Illubabor and Western Wellega zones in Oromia Region it is argued that although local institutions do play a key role in coordinating wetland management and sustaining the benefits from wetlands, the sustainability and resilience of the institutions themselves is threatened by a range of factors. Despite their grassroots nature, their effectiveness is influenced by their reliance on local government backstopping that appears to have diminished in recent years, as well as a perceived lack of local government support for collective action over individual rights. 相似文献