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China’s economy has undergone rapid transition and industrial restructuring. The term “urban industry” describes a particular type of industry within Chinese cities experiencing restructuring. Given the high percentage of industrial firms that have either closed or relocated from city centres to the urban fringe and beyond, emergent global cities such as Shanghai, are implementing strategies for local economic and urban development, which involve urban industrial upgrading numerous firms in the city centre and urban fringe. This study aims to analyze the location patterns of seven urban industrial sectors within the Shanghai urban region using 2008 micro-geography data. To avoid Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) issue, four distance-based measures including nearest neighbourhood analysis, Kernel density estimation, K-function and co-location quotient have been extensively applied to analyze and compare the concentration and co-location between the seven sectors. The results reveal disparate patterns varying with distance and interesting co-location as well. The results are as follows: the city centre and the urban fringe have the highest intensity of urban industrial firms, but the zones with 20–30 km from the city centre is a watershed for most categories; the degree of concentration varies with distance, weaker at shorter distance, increasing up to the maximum distance of 30 km and then decreasing until 50 km; for all urban industries, there are three types of patterns, mixture of clustered, random and dispersed distribution at a varied range of distances. Consequently, this paper argues that the location pattern of urban industry reflects the stage-specific industrial restructuring and spatial transformation, conditioned by sustainability objectives. 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(5):287-304
ABSTRACTThe compact city is globally acknowledged as the most adequate urban model to encourage sustainable urban development. Its validity is often assumed, despite the lack of clarity on what such compactness entails. The knowledge gap is even wider regarding how different drivers and pressures influence the development of more compact cities. Therefore, the authors analyse indirect and underlying processes (drivers) and more direct events, actions, and processes (pressures) affecting compact city development. Since compact city driving forces are extensively influenced by local situations, their research focused on district-level case studies within the compact city of Barcelona Municipality. Mixed methods were used, and the authors used both qualitative and quantitative data. The results revealed that drivers and pressures can both support and counteract compact city qualities and therefore any intervention has to be tailored to local conditions. In particular, the results of the in-depth analysis of local pressures and their progression over time foster an understanding of context-related nuances, thereby shifting attention from taken-for-granted compact city qualities to the driving forces that produce beneficial compactness. The authors conclude that the diversity of drivers and pressures requires the involvement of a multiplicity of stakeholders and actors in urban planning, implementation, and management. 相似文献
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中国高学历人才的空间演化特征及驱动因素 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
人才是推动地区创新发展的核心动力,也是未来城市竞争的关键。基于第六次全国人口普查和2015年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,运用集聚度、基尼系数等空间统计分析以及负二项回归模型方法,对2010—2015年中国城市高学历人才的空间演化特征及驱动因素展开研究。结果发现：① 人才呈现出高度集中且不平衡的空间分布格局,但不平衡的趋势有所缓解,分布方向为“东北—西南”走向。人才分布的空间溢出效应显著,城市群是人才集聚的高地。② 经济机会是影响中国高学历人才集聚的主导力量,其中工资是核心驱动因素,地区的发展水平、产业结构同样产生显著影响。③ 控制经济机会的影响后,以教育和医疗等基础公共服务、交通可达性和城市消费设施为核心的地方品质变量在高学历人才的空间集聚过程中发挥重要作用。④ 城市群与非城市群人才驱动因素存在显著差异：经济机会是城市群和非城市群人才集聚的主要驱动力;教育、消费、交通以及自然环境等地方品质变量对城市群人才集聚的影响更为显著。本研究为城市和区域人才政策和区域发展政策的制定提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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Jukka M. Krisp Andreas Keler 《International journal of geographical information science》2015,29(11):1988-2000
Personalized navigation and way-finding are prominent research areas of location-based service (LBSs). This includes innovative concepts for car navigation. Within this paper, we investigate the idea of providing drivers a routing suggestion which avoids ‘complicated crossings’ in urban areas. Inexperienced drivers include persons who have a driver’s license but, for whatever reason, feel uncomfortable to drive in a city environment. Situations where the inexperienced driver has to depend on a navigation device and reach a destination in an unfamiliar territory may be difficult. Preferences of inexperienced drivers are investigated. ‘Fears’ include driving into ‘complicated crossings’. Therefore, the definition and spatial characteristics of ‘complicated crossings’ are investigated. We use OpenStreetMap as a road dataset for the routing network. Based on the topological characteristics of the dataset, measured by the number of nodes, we identify crossings that are ‘complicated’. The user can choose to compute an alternative route that avoids these complicated crossings. This methodology is one step in building a full ‘inexperienced drivers’ routing system, which includes additional preferences from the user group, for example, as avoiding left turns where no traffic light is present. 相似文献
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Aristide Yemmafouo Chrétien Ngouanet Romeo Keumo Songong Nicodème Djikeng Teufack Sophie Ariane Djuidje 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(2):105-116
AbstractThis study examines how migrant households relocate their homes in two Cameroonian cities over the course of lifetimes or even generations. The central claim is that homeownership is the ultimate sign of integration into city life. Using qualitative and quantitative research methods (218 interviews, 30 focus groups and a household survey, sample size 686), the study argues that three key factors explain why people move: the quality of housing they can affords, the proximity to a workplace and the potential for homeownership. Three residential model trajectories are identified. The first describes a journey from being a new migrant who is a guest of family or friends in the city centre to being a married family with kids owning a home in the urban periphery. The second model continues that journey by returning back to the city centre in pursuit of more convenient, high-status home location (if finances permit). A third model describes moves to sites all over the city later in life as older individuals seek to maximize family income in the way they use multiple properties. Understanding residential mobility patterns has the potential to lead to a better public policies and more effective private investments in the housing sector. 相似文献
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The heightening scale of urban tourism and the fast-growing number of “floating” city users raise new challenges to understand contemporary urban change – namely for internationally open, heritage-rich medium-sized cities. Discussing the case of Porto at a time when the contested notion of gentrification infuses local politics, we highlight the transnational drivers of this process in Portugal´s second city. While acknowledging perils and benefits, we argue that more than simply leaving a footprint to be solved with taxation, internationally-driven gentrification may endanger city diversity and identity, raising implications for urban policy and for our understanding of local development as a whole. 相似文献
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以第二次经济普查制造业法人单位分镇街的就业人员为基础数据,运用集中化指数、区位商和空间分析方法对2008年广州制造业空间布局进行研究,并分析其形成原因及其与广州城市空间结构的关系。结果表明：1）广州制造业主要分布在海珠区、荔湾区和萝岗区等近郊,CBD的制造业已经衰退。2）制造业就业人员密度从城市中心向边缘递增,递增距离CBD不远,东部和南部呈现非常强的郊区化现象,尤其是东部已经成为广州的制造业中心。3）核心圈层的制造业密度仍为最高,4圈层的制造业密度分布由高到低依次为核心圈层＞内圈层＞外圈层＞外圈;广州制造业分布集中程度高,空间集聚程度最高的区域为近郊,其次为远郊,中心城区最低。4）广州制造业空间结构由夏港制造业中心、南石头制造业次中心和东环制造业次中心组成。影响制造业在广州城市空间分布的因素主要有：中国土地有偿使用制度的实行、广州市政府对宏观调控政策的制定、广州制造业园区建设和制造业集聚效应四大因素。制造业对广州城市空间结构的形成和发展影响很强,是新华和夏港就业次中心形成的主要动力,有力地促进了广州城市郊区化,是广州副中心和新城中心城区经济发展的主要动力。 相似文献
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基于GIS的大连城市人口空间分布变动及模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用GIS手段对四普、五普数据进行处理,深入剖析了20世纪90年代大连城市人口空间分布变动形式。1990年代,大连人口分布变动模式为集聚中有扩散,以集聚为主,仍处于城市化阶段。1990-2000年,中心城区、近郊区人口绝对数量增多、密度增大,远郊区人口绝对数量减少,密度下降：人口正在向中心城区的“中间地带”集聚;人口重心向西南方向移动,位移较大;从人口集中指数来看．大连市分布很均匀：通过对1990年和2000年大连市中心城区人口密度进行模拟,二次函数Quadrafte：T=b0＋b1r＋b2r2为最优模型,该模型较好地反应了大连市中心城区人口密度分布趋势。 相似文献
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法国巴黎区的规划与整治及其对上海建设的启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对法国巴黎区城市膨胀扩展过程、城市规划指导思想由同心圆模式向轴线发展模式、由单个要素转移到郊区城市综合功能开发转变的原因进行了分析，并对以巴黎城市副中心和郊区新城建设等为主要内容的城市规划经验教训进行了介绍和总结。在此基础上，结合上海市经济社会发展的条件和目标，分析了上海市规划中存在的郊区城市规模小、城市工业“空洞化”、城市建设政策措施协调配套以及浦东建设项目利用效益低下等几个城市建设面临的主要问题，并提出了相应的改进建议。 相似文献
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上海从业劳动力空间分布变动分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
根据地方专业化指数与负指数函数模型方法, 利用上海市1996 年和2001 年两次基本单位普查基于工作地的从业劳动力数据, 分别以不同圈层、区县及乡镇街道为基本地域单元, 系统地考察了1996~2001年间上海从业劳动力的空间分布及其变动特征。发现上海从业劳动 力分布总体上呈都心区密度最高、由此向外依次降低的负指数函数分布的圈层结构模式。其 变动呈现都心区密度下降、周边地区上升、从业劳动力由都心区逐步向周边地区扩散的均衡化趋势。第二、三产业从业劳动力的分布变动互不相同: 第二产业主要表现为由中心城区向郊区扩散的较大范围的单向均衡化变动; 第三产业从业劳动力空间分布的变动则相对更向中心城区集聚, 表现为在距离市中心15 km 圈内由都心区向其边缘区扩散、15 km 圈以外地区特别是远郊区则反呈趋向中心城区的集中化变动。上海城市功能分异正向中心城区以“商” 为主、郊区以“工”为主, 空间模式由单中心结构向多中心结构演变。从业劳动力的这种空 间分布模式及其变动趋势, 基本符合大城市空间发展的一般规律。 相似文献
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中国物流企业的空间组织网络 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
物流企业是承担物流活动的专业化组织, 是具有空间网络的企业形式。基于相关研究 的评述, 分析了物流企业网络的基础理论, 重点解析其空间体系、职能联系与运营机制。通 过研究, 认为物流企业由企业属性要素和物流属性要素组成, 其共同作用形成企业部门的职 能分化和区位分离, 由此形成物流企业网络, 包括企业组分网络和物流运营网络。物流企业 在城市和区域尺度构筑企业组分网络, 城市网络包括总公司、配送中心和营业点, 总公司布 局于市中心区, 配送中心倾向于近郊区, 营业点集中在物流密集区; 区域网络包括总部、区 域分公司、地方分公司、办事处和受理点, 总部布局于国内大城市, 区域分公司倾向于各区 政治经济中心, 地方分公司集中在省会、经济中心和交通枢纽, 办事处与受理点在企业网络 外部或内部空白处布局。物流运营网络由运输专线、配送体系和物流网络组成, 运输专线形 成支线和干线两类, 是物流运营的基本途径; 配送体系形成区域、城市区域和城市三层, 是 物流企业提升竞争力的保障; 运输专线和配送体系的交错、融合和优化, 最终形成轴辐物流 网络。 相似文献
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S. V. Srinivas 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(1):87-100
This paper looks at how the city of Hyderabad, the capital of the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and production centre of the Telugu film industry, has been represented in recent popular cinema. It outlines the history of a new mode of representing the city in Telugu cinema and argues that its significance lies in the tendency to delocalize the city. Criminalization of the city's older inhabitants, who are marked by either religion (Islam) or their 'non-standard' dialect of Telugu, often accompanies this move. In the process, any claims that they might have on the city are delegitimized. Okkadu, a major commercial hit, restaged the country versus city dichotomy and the antagonisms complicated by cultural and political tensions between the three constituent regions of Andhra Pradesh. This film follows the late 1990s trend in the film industry to recreate entire cityscapes within the studio, ensuring that location shooting in busy city streets and neighbourhoods merely returns us to the grandeur of lavish and 'realistic' studio sets. It reconstructs Hyderabad's most recognizable monument, the 400-year-old Charminar, in addition to its obviously imaginary residential neighbourhood. This paper looks at how and why the city of Hyderabad, especially its older parts, for which Charminar is a metonym, is rendered into a fantasy space in the film. 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):137-138
The major urban problem in Britain today is the revivification of the blighted and decayed areas within large cities. Because of this the planner has become a major agent for change within the inner city. The urgent need to convert old houses into new homes reaches a critical level in Glasgow, the centre of the Clydeside conurbation. This paper examines the changing face of the transition zone in the city, identifies the processes operating, and assesses the role of government planning agencies. 相似文献
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Mary Njeri Kinyanjui 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):418-431
Cities are not homogenous sociocultural entities. The city of Nairobi exhibits the phenomena of ‘cities within cities’ and ‘African city forms’. Social and economic forms of African, western and Asian cities compete for space within Nairobi. This paper refers to the African city form as the ‘African metropolis’, which exhibits the African logic, norms and values in its architecture and human social relations. The African metropolis is made up of slums, urbanized villages, self‐developed urban fringes and indigenous markets. In urban literature, these spaces are referred to as informal or unplanned settlements. As drivers of this African form of urbanism, traders and artisans use the African logic, norms and values in the construction of the African metropolis. The traders and artisans contribute to the African metropolis, by hiring labour and investing surplus earnings, and are bonded into Ubuntu communities of family, friendship and ethnicity. The paper is based on data gathered through a questionnaire survey of traders and artisans. It contributes to urban theory, by showing how less dominant and subtle forces contribute to city‐forming processes. I propose the concept of cultural villages as a strategy for blending African logic, norms and values with those of global urban planning. 相似文献
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关中—天水经济区路网空间通达性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通达性是人文地理学、城市与区域规划、交通运输经济学等学科的研究热点之一。随着应用需求的持续加大和技术研究的不断深入,通达性测度方法和度量体系正在逐步完善。以关中—天水经济区交通路网为例,本文试图将城市、交通和区域结合起来全面阐述区域通达性。采用空间句法模型、可达性相关指标和等时圈通过特征点算法,多视角综合测度经济区路网通达性的空间格局。研究结果表明：①区域路网体系较为完善,路网线段集聚明显;线段式空间伸展格局呈＂点—轴＂状发散,轴线式空间伸展格局呈＂干—枝＂状发散,初步形成核心圈、中间圈、外围圈三大等级圈层以及＂米＂字型路网骨架,区域交通运输与城镇发展水平表现出较强的共轭协同发展关系。②城镇区域可达性在较大程度上取决于区域中心性和周边路网发达程度,区域路网单中心极化现象比较明显,西安市对整个区域路网的控制作用过于突出。③区域通达度空间分布各异,核心板块连续性较好,外围板块破碎化明显。关中、天水两大梯度板块差异较大,天水与关中通达度中高值区出现断裂。鉴于区域中心偏于西安以西的现实,适度培育杨陵或宝鸡为区域路网的副中心城市;加快关中—天水高等级快速交通建设,推进关中—天水区域一体化进程。 相似文献
19.
Luca Salvati Agostino Ferrara Francesco Chelli 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2018,118(1):56-71
Urban forms are increasingly reflective of socio-economic change in metropolitan regions. The present study illustrates an original approach to identify latent mechanisms of urban growth through the analysis of metropolitan spatial structures and their proximate drivers of change. Urban transformations are evaluated here using built-up patches as the elementary analysis unit and background socio-economic attributes at four stages of the “city life cycle” (urbanization, suburbanization, dis-urbanization, re-urbanization). Regression models based on 13 indicators assessing urban patch area and shape, nearest neighbour urban patch area and shape, elevation, distance from 5 urban centres, 2 road infrastructures and sea coastline, were run with the aim to investigate direction and intensity of metropolitan growth in post-war Athens (1948–2012), a southern European city shifting from a compact mono-centric form towards discontinuous urban structures. Mono-centric configurations were characterized by linear dependence of urban patch size from the distance to central cities. Shifts toward scattered urban forms were associated with changes in the multivariate relationship between urban patch size and territorial drivers, pointing out the increased complexity of dispersed metropolitan structures. Our approach integrates economic and ecological visions of urban landscapes and contributes to understanding long-term mechanisms of metropolitan growth under dynamic spatial equilibriums. Investigating the multiple relationships between form and functions at the base of socio-economic transformations are relevant issues when identifying and profiling urbanization cycles. 相似文献
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Birmingham is re–inventing itself through a strategy of prestige city centre regeneration. Drawing on the theoretical lenses of transnationalism and postcolonialism, we sketch one alternative vision of Birmingham's economic place in the world. Through a focus on 'ethnic diversity', and the subsequent distinctiveness of the city's economy, this paper re–visions Birmingham as a 'global' city. Reflecting on a 'politics of scale', we highlight a 'globalization from below' that draws on the city's residents and their histories 相似文献