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1.
The efficient and coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization, informatization and agricultural modernization(so called "Sihua Tongbu" in China, and hereinafter referred to as "four modernizations") is not only a practical need but also an important strategic direction of integrating urban-rural development and regional development in recent China. This paper evaluated the comprehensive, coupling and coordinated developmental indices of "four modernizations" of China's 343 prefecture-level administrative units, and calculated their efficiency of "four modernizations" in 2001 and 2011. The efficiency evaluation index system was established. The efficiencies and their changing trend during the period 2001–2011 were investigated using the data envelopment analysis(DEA) model. Spatial-temporal pattern of the efficiency of China's prefecture-level units was explored by using exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA). Finally, the main influencing factors were revealed with the aid of geographically weighted regression(GWR) model. Results indicate that the comprehensive, coupling and coordinated developmental indices and efficiency of "four modernizations" of China's prefecture-level administrative units have obvious spatial differences and show diverse regional patterns. Overall, the efficiency is relatively low, and only few units with small urban populations and economic scale are in DEA efficiencies. The efficiency changing trends were decreasing during 2001–2011, with a transfer of high efficiency areas from inland to eastern coastal areas. The difference between urban and rural per capita investment in fixed assets boasts the greatest influence on the efficiency. 相似文献
2.
Spatial-temporal characteristics and decoupling effects of China’s carbon footprint based on multi-source data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In 2007, China surpassed the USA to become the largest carbon emitter in the world. China has promised a 60%–65% reduction in carbon emissions per unit GDP by 2030, compared to the baseline of 2005. Therefore, it is important to obtain accurate dynamic information on the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions and carbon footprints to support formulating effective national carbon emission reduction policies. This study attempts to build a carbon emission panel data model that simulates carbon emissions in China from 2000–2013 using nighttime lighting data and carbon emission statistics data. By applying the Exploratory Spatial-Temporal Data Analysis(ESTDA) framework, this study conducted an analysis on the spatial patterns and dynamic spatial-temporal interactions of carbon footprints from 2001–2013. The improved Tapio decoupling model was adopted to investigate the levels of coupling or decoupling between the carbon emission load and economic growth in 336 prefecture-level units. The results show that, firstly, high accuracy was achieved by the model in simulating carbon emissions. Secondly, the total carbon footprints and carbon deficits across China increased with average annual growth rates of 4.82% and 5.72%, respectively. The overall carbon footprints and carbon deficits were larger in the North than that in the South. There were extremely significant spatial autocorrelation features in the carbon footprints of prefecture-level units. Thirdly, the relative lengths of the Local Indicators of Spatial Association(LISA) time paths were longer in the North than that in the South, and they increased from the coastal to the central and western regions. Lastly, the overall decoupling index was mainly a weak decoupling type, but the number of cities with this weak decoupling continued to decrease. The unsustainable development trend of China's economic growth and carbon emission load will continue for some time. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(3)
Runoff generation is an important part of water retention service, and also plays an important role on soil and water retention. Under the background of the ecosystem degradation, which was caused by the vulnerable karst ecosystem combined with human activity, it is necessary to understand the spatial pattern and impact factors of runoff generation in the karst region. The typical karst peak-cluster depression basin was selected as the study area. And the calibrated and verified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was the main techniques to simulate the runoff generation in the typical karst basin. Further, the spatial variability of total/surface/groundwater runoff was analyzed along with the methods of gradient analysis and local regression. Results indicated that the law of spatial difference was obvious, and the total runoff coefficients were 70.0%. The groundwater runoff was rich, about 2–3 times the surface runoff. Terrain is a significant factor contributing to macroscopic control effect on the runoff service, where the total and groundwater runoff increased significantly with the rising elevation and slope. The distribution characteristics of vegetation have great effects on surface runoff. There were spatial differences between the forest land in the upstream and orchard land in the downstream, in turn the surface runoff presented a turning point due to the influence of vegetation. Moreover, the results of spatial overlay analysis showed that the highest value of total and groundwater runoff was distributed in the forest land. It is not only owing to the stronger soil water retention capacity of forest ecosystem, and geologic feature of rapid infiltration in this region, but also reflected the combining effects on the land cover types and topographical features. Overall, this study will promote the development and innovation of ecosystem services fields in the karst region, and further provide a theoretical foundation for ecosystem restoration and reconstruction. 相似文献
4.
汶川地震灾后人口与居民点空间配置的适宜性评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
The suitability evaluation of population and settlements spatial layout in the mountainous areas is an important basis on which the scale of population and settlement after Wenchuan Earthquake is determined. Based on the statistical data of field research, this paper chooses 1264 towns in 51 counties as the scope of evaluation, selects eight indices in the evaluation index system which includes post-disaster population scale, population density, urbanization rate, the percentage of migrant workers, death rate by earthquake, the percentage of minorities, elevation-slope integrated terrain and comprehensive geological condition. Besides, this paper uses AHP supported by entropy technique and fuzzy membership function model to calculate the suitability evaluation index and then divides the disaster areas into five types: highly suitable area (area accounted for 11.03%), relatively highly suitable area (15.29%), moderately suitable area (29%), less suitable area (30.08%) and unsuitable area (14.6%). According to the result of suitability evaluation, this paper puts forward several suggestions for the reconstruction as follows: the urban system and the building of new countryside should be guided by the suitability evaluation subareas; post-earthquake reconstruction avoids zones near Longmenshan fracture and high-mountain gorge areas as far as possible; the scale of population and settlement should not exceed the capacity of resources and environment; population should be resettled as close as possible by considering adequately the heterogenicity and homogeneity of regional nationality culture characteristics; densely resettle the people at plains and hilly areas; encourage the migrant workers settle in the working place with their families voluntarily; and urban system reconstruction such as industry layout and important projects of lifeline should be guided by the spatial layout suitability evaluation. 相似文献
5.
Optimizing rural settlements is an important measure to cope with rural decline, and improve the quality of rural life and attractions. This study introduces the "life quality theory". Based on the mechanisms governing the interactions between rural settlement space and life quality, this study examines how to optimize the spatial organization of rural settlements. Three aspects are evaluated – the integration of rural settlement spatial functions, optimization of spatial structure, and regulation of spatial scale – with the objective of building an optimization mode and framework for the spatial organization of rural settlements with high life quality. Our results suggest the following:(1) The settlement is the spatial carrier of life quality, which is an essential settlement component, and these two aspects influence and improve each other. Therefore, reasonable rural settlement space is an important precondition for higher life quality.(2) The spatial function types of rural settlements can be divided into those that maintain livelihoods, develop industry, and upgrade life quality. Optimizing spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality requires promoting the maintenance of livelihood, integration of industrial development, and implantation in quality improvement.(3) There are two important components of optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements. One is promoting the organic concentration of living, agricultural, and industrial spaces, the reasonable distribution of social intercourse, recreational, and services spaces, and the organic balance of living, production, and ecological spaces, so as to reasonably optimize the combination of internal spatial types in settlements. The other is forming a functional structure level of a "comprehensive village–featured village" and building spatial organization settlement modes connected by rural roads by relocating and adjusting the function of villages. These changes would require the destruction of underdeveloped villages, retaining normal villages, enlarging important villages, and constructing new villages.(4) As an ideal mode for optimizing rural settlements space based on life quality, the Rural Road-Oriented Development Model(RROD model) should be built at a rational scale for unit settlement and distance between settlements, leading to a fully functional RROD system with rational structure, auxiliary facility, and well-organized distribution. 相似文献
6.
Regional and persistent PM2.5 pollution seriously undermines the development of urban ecological civilizations and the advancement of high-quality economies. The producer service sector, an example of a typical knowledge-intensive service industry, plays an important role in advancing the manufacturing industry and fostering economic growth while concurrently improving urban environmental conditions. Based on panel data of prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to... 相似文献
7.
The logistics clusters are the result of concentration, scale and specialization of logistics activities, and their quantitative measurement and development evaluation provide an important foundation for improving the land use efficiency and achieving economies of scale. Taking 289 cities at prefecture-level and above as research objects, this paper collected macro-statistical data of transport, postal and warehousing industry during 2000–2014, business registration data of more than 290 thousand logistics enterprises, and 170 thousand logistics points of interest(POI). With the integration of multi-index and multi-source data, the evolution process and spatial pattern of logistics clusters in China were explored with the methods of Location Quotient(LQ), Horizontal Cluster Location Quotient(HCLQ), Logistics Employment Density(LED) and modified Logistics Establishments' Participation(LEP). The development levels, types and modes of different logistics clusters were quantified. Several important findings are derived from the study.(1) The logistics clusters are mainly located on the east side of the Hu Huanyong Line, and the accumulative pattern evolves from group to block structure, featuring wide coverage and high concentration. The evolution of logistics clusters has two stages of rapid convergence and stable change, resulting in gradual increase in the development level and efficiency of logistics clusters and in emergence of spillover effect.(2) 21 mature logistics clusters are distributed in the core and sub-cities of the main metropolitan areas of 16 provincial-level administrative divisions, conforming to the government logistics and transport planning. 43 emerging logistics clusters are distributed in 21 provincial administrative divisions, and different types of cities have huge disparities which highlight the differentiation of the market behaviors and government planning among them.(3) The logistics clusters present differentiated development modes with the change of scales. In urban agglomerations scale, the nested "center-periphery" structures with "main nucleus-secondary cores-general nodes" are clarified. The polar nuclear development, networked and balanced development, single core and multipoint, multi-core multipoint hub-spoke development patterns are formed in different provincial administrative divisions. 相似文献
8.
Designing a spatial pattern to rebalance the orientation of development and protection in Wuhan 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
Patterns of spatial development and protection form a basic category of geoscience,and redesigning them is a popular subject of research in regional sustainable development that is important for ecological civilization construction.The authors here report a case study of Wuhan city using the circuit theory model and minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model to rebalance its spatial protection and development.The results show the following:(1)Using the density of the gross domestic product(GDP),density of population,rate of urbanization,and access to transportation as evaluation indicators,seven core areas of development in Wuhan were identified,accounting for 59%of the total number of streets,that exhibited a “circular-satellite”spatial structure.(2)According to the importance of ecosystem services,ecological sensitivity,land use type,and slope of the terrain,the resistance surface of spatial development in Wuhan had a stereoscopic spatial form of an“inverted pyramid,”with high surroundings and a low center.The area of low resistance accounted for 6.64%of the total area of Wuhan.(3)Based on coupling analysis using the MCR and spatial morphological characteristics of current,nine axes of spatial development with a total area of 427.27 km2 and eight key strategic points with a total area of 40.02 km2 were identified.Streets that were prioritized for development accounted for 9.63%of Wuhan's total area.(4)By combining the characterization of the development axis with the structure of the three-level core area,we extracted the structure of spatial development of "one heart,two wings,and three belts" in Wuhan.The research framework and empirical results can provide scientific guidance for the urban spatial layout,the development of regional linkages,and ecological environmental protection in China. 相似文献
9.
Transport geography is a major branch of economic geography.It aims to study the spatial pattern of transport infrastructure along with the transport network,traffic organization,and passenger and cargo flow along with their evolution.Research on modern transport geography began in the early 20th century.During the last 100 years,important advances in transport geography have been achieved,and development in this field in China has kept pace with the rest of the world.Our predecessors have completed many fruitful and pioneering works in both theory and practice.In the leap-forward development phase of the transport industry over the past thirty years and particularly since the beginning of the 21 st century,many issues related to the transport network in China have become the focal points of research in various fields.Building on this background,researchers at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,studied the theoretical and practical issues of transport geography from the thematic and synthetic perspectives,characterized the spatial regularity of transport infrastructure,and described its relationship with the spatial organization of the social-economic system.Based on the results,the Series of Transport Geography and Regional Development was compiled and published. 相似文献
10.
The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of rural houses. However, at present, available data on rural housing structure are incomplete and their spatial scales are inconsistent. This paper estimated the amount and ratio of rural houses in five structures, namely ’wood’, ’brick’, ’mixed’, ’reinforced concrete’, and ’other’, for 2380 counties across China. With the percent-age sampling census data in 2005, four accuracy levels were specified. Then, a set of down-scaling models were established, where the impact of climate, economic development level and ethnic minority cultural factors on rural housing structure, as well as the spatial autocorrelation of neighboring spatial units were considered. Based on the estimation results, a database of county-level rural housing structure was established, based on which the vul-nerability of rural houses in different areas was clarified. 相似文献
11.
中国石化产业空间组织的评价与优化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于中国石化产业的发展现状,利用线性规划和ArcGIS 空间分析等手段,对中国石化产业空间组织进行了优化。首先,研究确定了影响石化产业空间组织的各评价指标,建立了由4 大类11 项指标构成的综合评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,以全国 337 个地级行政区为基本单元,在科学评价各地市石化产业布局潜力的基础上,遴选出151 个地级行政单元作为线性规化模型优化选点的基础。然后,基于151 个地级行政单元,利用最大化覆盖模型,识别出100 km、200 km和300 km 3 组服务半径约束下中国炼厂布局点的最佳布局数量及其空间分布,结合中国炼厂分布的实际情况,最终优选出适合中国当前最优布局的52 个炼厂布局点。最后,研究利用ArcGIS 空间分析手段,分别从服务的空间范围和服务的社会经济要素角度,对优选的52 个炼厂布局点进行空间效应模拟,并提取了各炼厂布局点服务范围内的GDP和人口数据,在此基础上,结合原油消耗强度的估算,研究最终确定出中国炼油能力和乙烯产能空间组织的最优结果。 相似文献
12.
城市汽车服务业空间集聚特征研究:以南京市为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着中国城市化进程的不断深入,汽车服务业已成为城市现代服务业的重要组成部分,对城市空间影响也日益加大。以南京市为案例,对汽车服务业总体空间集聚及分行业空间集聚情况进行了分析与比较,证实了汽车服务业集聚空间的出现,不同的行业类型其空间表现是不同的。进而总结归纳出南京市汽车服务业空间布局特征,具体表现为:圈层分布特征明显,汽车销售、汽车维修养护、汽车配件、汽车租赁、汽车俱乐部五大行业在不同圈层的集聚状况也有着明显的差异;总体呈现出小集聚、大分散的格局,除了几个规模较大的集聚区,汽车服务业整体空间布局显得比较零碎;与干道交通关联紧密,大部分汽车服务业都分布于城市干道周围。 相似文献
13.
中国交通枢纽空间布局的评价、优化与模拟 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
交通枢纽是综合运输体系的重要构成部分之一,合理的交通枢纽布局对于构建高效的综合运输体系具有重要的意义。交通枢纽的布局优化问题历来是交通运输工程学和交通地理学领域的一个研究热点。然而,当前有关交通枢纽布局的研究多局限于同一种交通运输方式,存在条块分割、重复建设乃至互相矛盾的问题。本研究立足于区域综合交通枢纽,研究首先确定影响交通枢纽布局的各评价指标,建立了由3 大类20 项指标构成的综合评价指标体系,以全国337 个地级行政区为基本单元,利用最大化覆盖模型,在科学评价综合交通枢纽布局潜力的基础上,识别出80 km、120 km、160 km和200 km 4 组服务半径约束下中国综合交通枢纽的最佳布局数量及其空间分布,从中归纳交通枢纽布局数量同目标函数值之间的一般规律,并最终优选出适合我国当前最优布局的42 个交通枢纽。研究对优选的42 个交通枢纽进行等级体系的划分和空间效应的模拟,分别从服务的空间范围和服务的社会经济要素进行分析,结果表明其所服务的国土面积、人口和GDP均优于国家规划集成的枢纽。 相似文献
14.
石化产业是关乎国民经济的重要产业,在当前我国大规模发展石化产业的背景下,有必要对其空间组织进行深入讨论。基于长江中游城市群石化产业空间组织的分布状况,利用空间聚类、线性回归等数学工具,从其影响机制、问题评价和发展路径等方面进行分析,对长江中游城市群石化产业空间组织进行研究。结果表明长江中游城市群石化产业的空间集中程度不高,发展水平较低,需要通过培育和壮大产业集群来促进生产要素合理布局,提升产业竞争力,加速城市群建设。 相似文献
15.
中国区域性金融中心的空间辐射能力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对中国地市级以上行政区域及部分县级行政区域金融业的空间分布格局和空间相关性的分析,将金融业的空间区位差作为衡量区域性金融中心辐射能力的指标,并在新经济地理学理论框架下,拓展传统的空间计量回归模型,对中国区域性金融中心辐射能力进行影响因素分析。结果发现：中国金融业存在着较强的空间相关性和空间溢出效应,中国区域性金融中心具有显著的空间辐射能力;中国区域性金融中心空间辐射能力不仅同本区域经济规模、金融环境和人力支撑有关,而且还受到相邻区域的经济因素和相邻区域间经济差异的影响;中国金融产业空间扩散不同于传统产业,有其本身固有的特点,其受贸易活跃程度和交通运输条件的影响并不明显。进而,本文提出了研究的理论启示和政策建议。 相似文献
16.
基于POI数据的郑东新区服务业空间聚类研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
探讨城市新区的服务业空间格局,对城市新区规划和服务业空间布局的优化具有重要指导意义。采用POI数据对郑东新区服务业的总体、分行业空间布局进行聚类,结果显示：① 在总体上,聚类呈现“414”的空间体系,各聚类所在区域的通达性较好;服务业在功能区内部聚集和跨越功能区聚集并存;噪声点分布零散,局部出现了服务业聚集的潜力区域;空间临近效应、行政力量带动和市场导向作用导致服务业空间极化特征明显。② 从分行业来看,部分行业的重要空间节点分布存在一定差异,CBD核心区和商住物流区成为各行业空间节点的分布区域;部分行业的空间节点与功能区的产业定位存在吻合与错位特征。最后,从规划视角提出了郑东新区不同功能区产业结构优化的方向。 相似文献
17.
现代物流业影响城市空间结构机理分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
供应链管理模式的广泛应用使现代物流业作为继资源和人力领域后的第三利润源,与信息化一起快速整合到所有产业形态中,并通过物流系统的优化和高效的物流服务对城市发展产生深远影响。从经济学和城市地理学角度分析现代物流业影响城市空间结构的机理,指出现代物流业的产业特性使其具有特殊的企业组织与产业关联效应,不仅影响城市产业布局,而且通过由此产生的空间特性,即物流业区位偏好、物流园区建设以及网络化城市物流节点布局模式的构建参与城市空间结构的演化。 相似文献
18.
中国石化工业发展和区位变迁轨迹 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文回顾了中国石化工业的发展历程以及各阶段的特征。目前,中国石化工业正在向规模大型化、布局集中化、炼化一体化、生产园区化方向发展。其次,本文分析了中国石化工业的空间分布格局。总体来看,中国石化工业的空间格局呈现出"东西强、中部弱","北方强、南方弱","沿海强、内地弱"的分布特征;辽中南、京津冀和沪宁杭等八大石化产业基地已成为支撑中国石化工业发展的基础。最后,本文分别从宏观、中观以及微观尺度等视角,探讨中国石化工业在大区域层面空间布局的演化趋势,石化企业的临港布局指向以及向专业园区集聚的区位选择特征。通过以上分析,对中国石化产业在宏观空间上的合理布局提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
19.
使用基于Rhino平台的UNA工具包，从住宅楼层面对大连市沙河口区幼儿园、小学和初中3类基础教育设施的空间可达性进行分析，并提出布局优化措施及新增选址方案。主要结论如下：① 各类基础教育设施空间分布不均，存在重复与缺失并存的现象；设施与住宅楼空间分布“错位”现象严重。② 各类基础教育设施均存在服务范围内住宅楼数量较少的问题，学区内的学生上下学需要耗费较长的路程与时间，若设施仅服务于规定服务范围内的居民，则部分设施会存在利用不足的情况。③ 在规定服务范围内，初中的可达比重最大，其次是小学和幼儿园。在规定服务范围外，幼儿园可达性为差及以下的比重最大，其次是初中和小学。④ 设施布局主要存在2个问题：设施供应不足和设施利用不足，对此提出相应的优化思路。并在考虑可达性和供需的情况下，提出2个新增设施参考选址方案，以改善设施可达性。其中方案一增加140所，方案二增加107所。 相似文献
20.
以长三角城市群30个地级市市区为研究单元,从要素流动的动态视角,建立要素流的数理模型,借助于ArcGIS软件,对长三角城市群内城市的经济流、交通流和信息流的强度和方向进行定量分析和评价,运用赋值法对3种要素流总量进行评分,并进行空间层级划分。得出核心区（包括上海、江苏沿江八市、环杭州湾地区等地市）和辐射影响区（位于长三角两翼的地市）。基于城市间的空间联系特征和城市群的空间层级结构,对长三角城市群的空间发展布局提出进一步引导和规划,即上海为核心,苏州、南京、杭州、合肥和徐州为区域性中心城市,构成以沪宁合、沪杭、沪徐和沪温为4个发展轴的反“K”字型的空间形态,依据城市区位和要素联系特征,将城市群进一步划分为6个城市组团,形成以中心城市为增长节点、以发展轴为联结线、以城市组团为发展域的“点―线―面”有序发展的空间互动格局。 相似文献