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1.
试验了温室葡萄超氧化物气化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和果粒生长对地表覆盖的响应。结果表明:整个生育期内,砂土覆盖、秸秆覆盖、秸秆+白地膜覆盖及秸秆+黑地膜覆盖都对0~40 cm土层土壤有显著的保水作用,其中秸秆+黑地膜保水性能最强(土壤含水量比无覆盖的提高14.53%,P<0.05),且各覆盖方式的保水能力随着土层的加深而增强。秸秆+白地膜覆盖下葡萄细胞的抗氧化酶活性最高。砂土覆盖极显著(P<0.01)提高果粒内Pro含量(约增加42.40%)。砂土覆盖后葡萄果粒粒径最大,秸秆+地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖下的果粒粒径均小于无覆盖的粒径。秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤水分含量,抑制果粒的增长。砂土覆盖可以作为温室葡萄适宜覆盖方式。  相似文献   

2.
伊犁河流域林业生态建设基地淡灰钙土土壤特征研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在伊犁河流域林业生态建设基地,随机挖土壤剖面11个,依照土壤发生层分层取样,同时观察其颜色、结构、干湿度、松紧度、孔隙大小及植物根系的分布等生态特征,以此来鉴别土壤质地、土壤发育状况,并测定土壤中的盐分和养分。分0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm共4层取样,测定土壤容重,并分别在灌水前及灌水后不同日期测定了土壤含水量。实验结果表明:在伊犁河流域林业生态建设基地淡灰钙土土壤剖面发育微弱;含盐量低;有机质含量平均只有0.80%,全N、全P含量较少,全K含量较高,速效N、速效P含量较低,速效K含量较高;0~10 cm和10~20 cm的土壤容重分别为1.35~1.62 g/cm3和1.36~1.50 g/cm3之间。灌水后土壤含水量普遍都有所提高,其中0~10 cm土层土壤含水量比灌水前增加了59.31%,10~20 cm、20~30cm和30~40 cm土层的土壤含水量分别比灌水前增加了37.74%、27.29%和6.36%。  相似文献   

3.
植物群落与土壤性状相互作用研究对于认识生态系统结构与功能有着重要的意义。通过对敦煌绿洲边缘典型植物群落21个样地(20m×20m)的植被和土壤系统取样调查,在分析植物群落及其土壤养分特征的基础上,采用CCA典范对应分析法研究了土壤养分对植物群落物种分布的影响。结果表明:调查区域植被群落共出现植物27种,隶属于15科,26属,以藜科(Chenopodiaceae)植物居多,占总物种数的29.6%。柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)群落的物种丰富度最大,胡杨(Populus euphratica)群落的物种丰富度最小。植被0~80 cm土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量排序为柽柳>黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum) > 梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron) > 沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum),全磷、全盐、速效氮含量排序为柽柳 > 黑果枸杞 > 沙拐枣 > 梭梭,全钾含量排序为黑果枸杞 > 柽柳 > 梭梭 > 沙拐枣,pH值排序为梭梭 > 沙拐枣 > 黑果枸杞 > 柽柳。不同植被覆盖各养分指标之间差异显著。随土层深度的增加,柽柳和黑果枸杞群落土壤全氮、有机质、全盐、速效氮、速效钾含量逐渐降低,表聚效应明显,土壤全磷、全钾、速效磷含量逐渐增大后减小,梭梭与沙拐枣养分层次特征不明显。4种植被群落土壤pH值随土层深度的增大呈波动的趋势。CCA排序结果表明植被群落物种分布的土壤环境调控因子重要性排序为全氮 > pH > 全钾,土壤全氮是植物群落物种分布的最重要调控因子。  相似文献   

4.
对念青唐古拉山东南坡高寒草原生态系统表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳分布特征进行研究,结果表明:有机碳密度平均为5.002 8±1.103 7 kg/m2,变异系数21.96%;在拔4421~4598 m内,随海拔升高表现增加→减少→增加的分布特征;与地上及10~20 cm土层生物量、20~30 cm含水量、土壤有机质、速效N、全N和全P含量呈显著正相关,与20~40 cm容重呈显著负相关。影响其的第1因子是植被盖度、地上生物量、20~30 cm地下生物量和20~30 cm含水量,第2因子是0~20 cm和20~40 cm容重及全P量,第3因子是有机质含量和速效N含量,第4因子是0~10 cm地下生物量,累计贡献率92.83%。  相似文献   

5.
高亮  高永  王静  罗凤敏  吕新丰 《中国沙漠》2016,36(5):1357-1364
研究了科尔沁沙地南缘土地覆盖由流动沙地向人工林地、农田及固定沙地等转变后,0~60 cm土层有机碳储量的变化。结果表明:农田土壤有机碳含量增加最明显,为流动沙地的3.97倍且相同层间差异均显著;樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)林地、新疆杨(Populus alba var. pyramidalis)林地、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)群落土壤有机碳含量较流动沙地分别增加79.78%、138.20%、73.07%,差异主要在0~20 cm土层;围封草地和中度放牧草地分别增加116.85%和133.71%,差异主要在0~40 cm土层;固定沙地比流动沙地增加49.44%,差异主要在0~20 cm土层。土地覆盖类型转变后,由于受到土壤容重的影响,土壤有机碳密度在0~20 cm土层变化较明显。8种土地覆盖类型可分为4组:CL1(农田)、CL2(新疆杨林地、围封草地、中度放牧草地)、CL3(樟子松林地、小叶锦鸡儿群落、固定沙地)和CL4(流动沙地)。另外,土壤有机碳含量和密度在土壤剖面上的分布也随着土地覆盖类型的变化而不同。  相似文献   

6.
研究了陇中黄土高原半干旱区的小麦→豌豆→小麦轮作系统下免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)等保护性耕作措施对土壤容重和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:保护性耕作措施可显著提高0~5cm层土壤有机碳、氮(全氮、速效氮)、磷(全磷、速效磷)、钾(全钾、速效钾)的含量,其中,NTS效果最优,可显著降低0~30cm各土层土壤容重;土壤有机碳与氮(全氮、速效氮)、磷(全磷、速效磷)各因子存在极显著正相关关系。与传统耕作相比,NTS、NT、TS降低土壤容重,提高了土壤养分的含量。豌豆田土壤容重分别降低4.80%、2.67%、4.00%,有机碳分别提高10.52%、4.63%、4.83%,全氮分别提高13.83%、7.45%、8.51%;春小麦田土壤容重分别降低4.62%、3.08%、4.62%,有机碳分别提高11.99%、7.78%、12.10%,全氮分别提高11.11%、6.67%、3.33%。  相似文献   

7.
对巴丹吉林沙漠南缘北大山(A)和雅布赖山(B)附近的土壤微量元素含量分布特征及其对植被分布的影响进行了研究。结果表明:土壤微量元素含量在0~20cm和20~40cm土层间差异不显著,而在研究区A和B之间的分布异质程度较高;0~20cm土层中,Ba、Ce含量与灌木层多样性指数的关系显著,Ni、Cu、Ga、As、Rb、Pb含量与草本层多样性指数显著相关;20~40cm土层中只有Cu与草本层丰富度指数具有显著负相关关系;逐步多元回归分析同样证实了0~20cm土层Ba、Ce含量对灌木层植被的影响及Ni、Cu含量对草本层植被的影响。  相似文献   

8.
通过定西市安定区的中长期保护性耕作试验,对连续6 a不同耕作措施后0~30 cm土层土壤的水分特征曲线、土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤饱和导水率进行了测定。结果表明,两种轮作序列下,不同耕作措施0~30 cm土壤水分特征曲线在水吸力为5 bar和15 bar时几近重合,在3 bar、1 bar和0.5 bar时出现差异;Gardner模型拟合的结果显示在0.5~15 bar吸力范围内,其水吸力与含水量之间的关系符合幂函数式S=Aθ-B这一关系式,且相关系数均达极显著水平。免耕秸秆覆盖和免耕地膜覆盖的两个处理较传统耕作改善了土壤持水性能;传统耕作秸秆还田和免耕秸秆覆盖处理较传统耕作处理显著降低了0~5 cm土层容重,增加了土壤总孔度;免耕秸秆覆盖可以显著提高土壤饱和导水率。  相似文献   

9.
紫花苜蓿种植对山地荒沟客土理化性质的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
试验在客土回填后的山地荒沟,设置紫花苜蓿草地试验区,连续2 a研究紫花苜蓿种植对客土理化性质的影响,结果得出:自然条件下,春季播种紫花苜蓿,可以加速山区荒沟植被恢复,改善客土理化性质,播种后第2 a,地上生物量与覆盖度达到最高,分别为2 1.5 kg/hm2和74.1%,0~10 cm土层中pH值明显降低,土壤速效钾相对增加,全氮、碱解氮含量显著提高,达到0.657 g/kg与39.54 mg/kg;播种后第3 a,10~20 cm土层内土壤容重显著减小,达1.241 g/cm3,总孔隙度显著提高,5.0~17.5 cm土层土壤紧实度显著降低,同时,0~10 cm土层速效磷含量下降速度相对减缓,有机质含量显著升高,达到9.253 g/kg。  相似文献   

10.
以祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林为研究对象,研究了海拔梯度上土壤肥力因子的分布特征及变化规律,并运用主成分分析法对青海云杉林土壤肥力状况进行了评价。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤呈碱性,pH值均大于8.0;高海拔地区(3 300 m)含水量达到过饱和状态,各土层含水量均大于100%;随海拔升高,全氮含量呈增大趋势,全钾含量呈减小趋势,而全磷含量呈先减小后增大趋势;不同海拔梯度速效磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05),海拔3 300 m处速效钾含量显著高于其他海拔段(P<0.05)。(2) 不同海拔梯度下土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量都有明显的“表聚效应”,其中3 300 m处0~10 cm土层有机质含量高达325.93 g·kg-1,是本海拔段其他土层的1.6~1.8倍,是同土层其他海拔段的1.3~2.0倍。(3) 土壤肥力因子间关系密切,土壤含水量与有机质、全氮呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH和全钾呈极显著负相关关系,土壤养分含量之间存在不同程度的显著正相关关系。(4) 不同海拔梯度土壤肥力质量为:3 300 m>3 200 m>3 100 m>3 000 m>2 900 m。  相似文献   

11.
干旱区盐渍化土地梨园覆草效应研究   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11  
在河西走廊中部沙区,分别于1997年5月、1998年5月和7月,给梨园树行覆宽1 m,厚15~20 cm麦草。观测土壤含盐量、湿度、温度、有机质、树下杂草和梨树根系在土壤中的分布、1 a生枝的生长量。树行内覆草降低了0~30 cm土层的K+ + Na+、Ca2+和SO42-的含量。当土壤含水量较小时,0~10 cm覆草土壤含盐量随气温的变化趋势与未覆草土壤相似,但变化幅度小;土壤含水量较大时,覆草土壤含盐量与气温呈负相关。随着覆草时间的延长,单位时间内土壤有机质增长率相对减小。0~60 cm覆草土层根系的分布量为未覆草的2.67倍,覆草有利于梨树地上部分的生长。覆草初期,树行内的1 a生杂草增加;随着覆草时间的延长,1 a生杂草减少;梨树行覆草18个月后,1 a生杂草和多年生杂草数量分别为未覆草的8.6%和77.8%。在河西走廊,果园覆草可选在5月至8月初。  相似文献   

12.
聚土免耕垄的土壤结构性变化主要表现在中上层,以中层更突出.而土壤养分状况、水分状况、生物活性及有机无机复合胶体的变化却主要表现在中下层.多数肥力指标均显示中层的改善为最大.这与有机肥深施至中层有关.聚土免耕垄的培肥重点是中层.  相似文献   

13.
Alluviation and sedimentation of the Yellow River are important factors influencing the surface soil structure and organic carbon content in its lower reaches. Selecting Kaifeng and Zhoukou as typical cases of the Yellow River flooding area, the field survey, soil sample collection, laboratory experiment and Geographic Information System(GIS) spatial analysis methods were applied to study the spatial distribution characteristics and change mechanism of organic carbon components at different soil depths. The results revealed that the soil total organic carbon(TOC), active organic carbon(AOC) and nonactive organic carbon(NOC) contents ranged from 0.05–30.03 g/kg, 0.01–8.86 g/kg and 0.02–23.36 g/kg, respectively. The TOC, AOC and NOC contents in the surface soil layer were obviously higher than those in the lower soil layer, and the sequence of the content and change range within a single layer was TOCNOCAOC. Geostatistical analysis indicated that the TOC, AOC and NOC contents were commonly influenced by structural and random factors, and the influence magnitudes of these two factors were similar. The overall spatial trends of TOC, AOC and NOC remained relatively consistent from the 0–20 cm layer to the 20–100 cm layer, and the transition between high-and low-value areas was obvious, while the spatial variance was high. The AOC and NOC contents and spatial distribution better reflected TOC spatial variation and carbon accumulation areas. The distribution and depth of the sediment, agricultural land-use type, cropping system, fertilization method, tillage process and cultivation history were the main factors impacting the spatial variation in the soil organic carbon(SOC) components. Therefore, increasing the organic matter content, straw return, applying organic manure, adding exogenous particulate matter and conservation tillage are effective measures to improve the soil quality and attain sustainable agricultural development in the alluvial/sedimentary zone of the Yellow River.  相似文献   

14.
开垦年限对黑土农田土壤微环境产生影响,土壤微生物的功能多样性发生变化。于2019年7月在黑龙江省黑河市黑土区采集不同土层(0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm)开垦98 a、50 a和10 a的黑土农田土壤,采用Biolog-Eco微平板法研究开垦年限对黑土农田土壤微生物的活性、功能多样性和微生物对不同碳源的利用情况的影响。结果表明,开垦98 a的农田土壤微生物活性最强。农田土壤微生物群落组成及功能多样性开垦98 a >开垦10 a >开垦50 a。开垦年限和土层深度影响黑土农田土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。在0~10 cm层中,土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度最高。主成分分析结果表明,黑土农田土壤中的微生物主要利用的是糖类和氨基酸类。  相似文献   

15.
In recent years, large areas of farmland in the North China Plain have been converted into short-rotation poplar plantations. To analyze the impacts of poplar plantations on soil, 22 soil samples were collected and assayed from the soil profiles of a corn field and a poplar plantation. The results showed that the average soil moisture content of the soil profile in the poplar field was 2.6 percent lower than that of the arable land. The maximum difference in soil moisture content was found in the upper 0-10 cm of topsoil. Soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the cornfield were significantly higher than in the poplar field. Higher nutrient content in the corn field may result from higher fertilizer inputs and the practice of returning straw to the cropped field. The analysis also showed no significant increase in soil organic matter content in deeper soil layers of the poplar field, which means that the conditions are not favorable for the formation of soil organic matter, or that soil organic matter needs a longer time to develop. Elements such as magnesium, iron, manganese and copper in both the corn field and the poplar field had a tendency to accumulate with increasing soil depth. Magnesium, iron, manganese and copper in the 0-80 cm soil layer of the poplar field were higher than those of the cornfield, but the situation was reversed at depths greater than 80 cm. It is concluded that poplar trees consume a large amount of soil moisture and soil nutrients. Local governments should prevent the development of new plantations of fast-growing trees in farmland and help farmers to recover their farmland from forestry plantations.  相似文献   

16.
Soil organic carbon density(SOCD) and soil organic carbon sequestration potential(SOCP) play an important role in carbon cycle and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the majority of studies focused on a two-dimensional scale, especially lacking of field measured data. We employed the interpolation method with gradient plane nodal function(GPNF) and Shepard(SPD) across a range of parameters to simulate SOCD with a 40 cm soil layer depth in a dryland farming region(DFR) of China. The SOCP was estimated using a carbon saturation model. Results demonstrated the GPNF method was proved to be more effective in simulating the spatial distribution of SOCD at the vertical magnification multiple and search point values of 3.0×10~6 and 25, respectively. The soil organic carbon storage(SOCS) of 40 cm and 20 cm soil layers were estimated as 22.28×10~(11) kg and 13.12×10~(11) kg simulated by GPNF method in DFR. The SOCP was estimated as 0.95×10~(11) kg considered as a carbon sink at the 20–40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, the SOCP was estimated as –2.49×10~(11) kg considered as a carbon source at the 0–20 cm soil layer. This research has important values for the scientific use of soil resources and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.  相似文献   

17.
选取黑龙江省鹤山农场面积为0.91 km2的典型黑土区的坡耕地作为研究样地。按横纵100 m间隔共采集101个样点,运用地理信息系统和地统计学相结合的方法研究分析0~15 cm土层有机质空间变异及其与土壤侵蚀的关系。结果表明:位于典型黑土区样地的有机质含量集中在3%~5%范围内,均值为4.13%,高于黑龙江省的有机质平均水平。有机质含量空间变异明显,且主要受土壤侵蚀的影响:高侵蚀区对应低有机质区,中度侵蚀区对应中等有机质区,沉积区对应高有机质区。顺坡种植平均坡度2.2°时,每侵蚀1 000 t/km2土壤,有机质含量降低0.8%。土壤有机质空间变异可采用球状模型表达,自相关明显,进一步表明土壤侵蚀导致的再分布。对比分析确定200 m采样间距能够能准确表达该区表层有机质含量的空间特征,为精准施肥提供了采样依据。  相似文献   

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