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1.
中国城市土地有偿使用的回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
董黎明 《云南地理环境研究》1992,4(2):16-29
作者首先对中国城市土地使用的各个阶段作了历史回顾。50年代初,中国土地使用是有偿的;1954年开始则施行行政划拨、无偿使用;80年代,在改革开放的形势下,我国沿海的部份城市率先进行了土地有偿使用的改革和实践,建立各级土地管理机构,修改及制订有关法规。文章着重阐述了自80年代开始的部份城市土地有偿使用改革的内容、办法、难点和问题。同时,对我国土地有偿使用改革的发展趋势进行了评述,认为,土地使用的两种体制将继续并存。为提高土地有偿使用的科学性,作者还详细介绍了一种土地经济评价方法——多因素叠加法。 相似文献
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矿产资源市场与贸易的变化格局及对中国经济的影响(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自20世纪70年代初期和80年代末期以来,国际矿产品市场经历了总体衰退阶段。与此相反,由于世界经济快速增长,特别是90年代初的中国和21世纪初的印度快速发展,导致世界矿产市场和贸易中对矿产资源的需求大幅上升。过去几十年来,矿产资源的生产、消费和贸易对中国的经济增长与发展起了重要的作用。本文主要对国际矿产品市场和贸易模式的变化特征进行了综合评价,力图筛选出影响中国矿产资源供需的主要因素,并实证分析中国矿产资源贸易及其发展前景的基本特征。作者认为,中国矿产资源的巨大潜力能否成为国际矿产资源贸易的主要驱动力并因此带动中国未来经济增长,依然值得继续观察。无能如何,中国正积极影响着全球矿产资源市场和贸易,这一点是肯定的。 相似文献
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中国1960－2010年降雨增减、转折时空演变特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1960－2010年中国563个地面观测站年降雨量资料,采用气候变化趋势转折判别模型和ANUSPLIN插值软件对中国年降雨增减、转折变化的时空变化规律进行研究。结果表明：近50年中国年降雨量出现环勃海地区和西南地区两个减少中心和高原东南地区和江淮地区南部两个增加中心;中国降雨在20世纪70年代、80年代和90年代出现了3次转折变化,其中20世纪70年代、80年代两次沿纬向变化,20世纪90年代沿经向变化,3次初始转折时间由西向东转移;降雨的增减沿纬向呈带状分布,大部分地区降雨增减呈交替变化,表现为三极子型分布。中国降雨增减、转折变化中心线与南北分界线基本一致。 相似文献
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中国农民工聚居区研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为快速城市化、工业化、相关制度和文化背景等多种因素影响下形成的一种聚落形态,中国农民工聚居区诞生于20世纪80年代。本文在梳理相关研究的基础上,将农民工聚居区研究划分为起步阶段、扩展阶段、社会空间转向和社区治理3个阶段。总体上看,对农民工聚居区的研究,在空间形态方面从静态走向动态,社会网络方面从群体走向空间,形成机制方面从传统的社会学、城市地理学视角转向制度经济学、文化地理学和空间生产视角,聚居区从改造管理走向合作治理,研究方法日益多元化。论文从研究思潮、研究视角、研究重点等方面比较了中国农民工聚居区与西方移民聚居区的差别,并对未来研究作了展望。 相似文献
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半干旱区雨水集流研究进展及其现状 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：19
论述了国内外半干旱区雨水集流研究的发展和存在问题。国外雨水集流研究的发展可分为三个阶段:20世纪50年代以前为雨水的初始利用阶段;20世纪50年代到80年代为基础性研究和技术开发大发展阶段;20世纪80年代以后为系统研究阶段。国内雨水集流研究相对较晚,20世纪60年代为初步研究阶段,20世纪80年代以后为系统研究阶段。集水技术操作简单,适应性强,费用低,开发潜力大,从事的生产领域广泛,采用这种技术可以建立新的农业生态系统并改善半干旱区生态环境。 相似文献
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伴随着经济的高速发展,中国能源的消耗亦大幅度增长,已成为世界第一位的能源消费大国。目前国内生产或以贸易进口石油已无法满足需求。在这种形势下,对外直接投资是保证能源供给的可行路径之一。根据商务部对外投资统计公报等数据,从中国能源产业近年对外投资特征入手,着重探讨了石油开采业在世界范围内对外直接投资的行业背景与投资模式,具体分析了中国石油企业对外投资的机遇与挑战,以期为中国石油开采业的"走出去"战略提供相应的应对措施。 相似文献
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克鲁格曼的主要经济地理学观点分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
本文评述了80年代以来着名经济学家P.克鲁格曼的主要经济地理观点。侧重于三方面：新贸易理论、对经济地理学传统的看法以及空间经济模型。最后,对克鲁格曼经济地理学与常规地理学的不同之处作以比较。 相似文献
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近四十年来我国气温的长期变化趋势* 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
利用160个站1951—1988年的气温资料,本文对近四十年来我国气温变化过程和时空特征作了分析。结果表明:全国十年平均气温从50年代至今一直在升温,80年代较50年代升高0.2℃。一般升温随纬度的增高而加强,冬秋季全国普遍增温,且升温幅度最大,夏季一般降温或升温幅度很小。总的趋势是近40年来我国大部分地区有冬暖夏凉的变化。 相似文献
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The dendrochronological study of shrubs is a new field, particularly with respect to desert areas. Using a dendrochronological perspective, we studied the radial growth and the climatic response model of the common beancaper (Zygophyllum xanthoxylum Maxim) in three sampling sites in the Badain Jaran Desert of northwestern China. The results showed that the radial growth of the common beancaper was primarily affected by precipitation during the pre-growing and growing seasons, especially during July. Variation in wet/drought periods over the last 160 years in the study area was analyzed using a radial growth climatic response model and data on regional chronology. Using decadal time scales, three wet periods were identified in the Badain Jaran Desert: the 1840s to early 1850s, the early 1890s to the 1900s and the late 1970s to the mid-1980s. Similarly, transitions from dry to wet periods over the last 160 years occurred in the late 1850s, mid-1870s, early 1880s, early 1900s, mid-1920s, early 1950s, early and late 1970s and early 1990s. These results are helpful for understanding regional climate change and the desertification process in arid desert regions. 相似文献
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Mark J. Kaiser 《Natural Resources Research》2014,23(1):99-140
Louisiana plays an important role in domestic oil and natural gas production, and in 2012 ranked sixth in oil production and third in gas production in the United States. Conventional oil and gas production in Louisiana has been declining steadily over the past four decades, while unconventional gas production has seen spectacular growth in recent years, effectively doubling the state’s natural gas output over three years. The structural changes impacting Louisiana’s oil and gas industry are complex and dynamic, and to better understand the relationships between activity drivers, a review of drilling and production data between 1980 and 2011 is performed and correlative relationships are developed. Drilling and completion trends, including completion and success rate statistics and drilled footage, are summarized by region. Correlative relationships are established between measured footage and the number of wells drilled, drilling activity, abandonments, and commodity price. We show that drilling activity in North Louisiana is highly responsive to changing oil prices, whereas in South Louisiana, activity is relatively inelastic. Well abandonments are shown to be negatively related to commodity prices. Horizontal, directional, active, idle, and orphaned well inventories are summarized. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionFloods occurring along the Yangtze River (Changjiang River) valley make up about 35.8 % of the floods over China[1]. Most noteworthily, a series of severe floods happened along the middle to lower Yangtze River and caused great damages during the past decade. The flood of 1991 afflicted 0.98 million hectares of farmland and resulted in 1,200 loss of life. Severe flood occurred again over this region in 1996. An extremely destructive flood emerged during the summer of 1998, wh… 相似文献
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新疆博州地区近46年来的气候变化特征 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23
根据新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(简称博州,下同)四个气象代表站点的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及t检验法分析了该地区近46年的气候变化。结果表明,博州年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温均呈上升趋势,而且平均最低气温上升的幅度远大于平均最高气温的上升幅度。年平均气温及年平均最低气温约在20世纪80年代中期出现了显著的均值突变,而年平均最高气温在80年代末出现突变;除春、夏季平均最高气温无明显变化趋势外,其它各季平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温均呈上升趋势,其中均以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;80年代冬夜升温最强劲,90年代则明显减弱;夏季的平均气温与平均最低气温均在70年代中期出现突变,比其它任何突变时间都早;暖温年多发生在80年代后,冷温年多发生在20世纪60年代、70年代。年降水量略呈上升趋势,少雨年多在60年代、70年代,多雨年多在近20年,除春季外,其余各季降水略有上升趋势。 相似文献
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The Northeast Arctic cod stock's place in the Barents Sea ecosystem in the 1980s: an overview 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SIGBJØRN MEHL 《Polar research》1991,10(2):525-534
Just after World War II the size of the Northeast Arctic cod ( Gadus morhua ) stock was about 6 million tonnes, but at the beginning of the 1980s the stock had been reduced to 1 million tonnes, due mainly to the excessively high fishing-mortality. Nevertheless, the stock produced strong year classes at the 0-group stage in the relatively warm period 1983-1985. At the same time, individual growth in the cod stock was good, and in 1986 the stock size increased to over 1.5 million tonnes.
However, the cod preyed increasingly on the capelin ( Mallotus villosus ) present, and by the end of 1986 the capelin stock was seriously depleted. The cod compensated for the loss of capelin by preying more intensively on other food items, including smaller cod. Cannibalism increased by a factor of three from 1984 to 1986, and this is one important reason why the 1984 and 1985 year classes did not recruit to the fisheries as expected. Individual growth was dramatically reduced, and the average fish weight decreased by about 50% in most age groups. Because the quotas are in tonnes, more fish than expected were caught. This resulted in serious management problems and led to reductions both in stock size and quotas compared to the optimistic prognosis of the mid-1980s. 相似文献
However, the cod preyed increasingly on the capelin ( Mallotus villosus ) present, and by the end of 1986 the capelin stock was seriously depleted. The cod compensated for the loss of capelin by preying more intensively on other food items, including smaller cod. Cannibalism increased by a factor of three from 1984 to 1986, and this is one important reason why the 1984 and 1985 year classes did not recruit to the fisheries as expected. Individual growth was dramatically reduced, and the average fish weight decreased by about 50% in most age groups. Because the quotas are in tonnes, more fish than expected were caught. This resulted in serious management problems and led to reductions both in stock size and quotas compared to the optimistic prognosis of the mid-1980s. 相似文献
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There were a series of severe floods along the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Changjiang River) in China during the 1990s. The extensive summer (June, July and August) precipitation is mostly responsible for the flooding. The summer rainfall in the 1980s and the 1990s is much higher than that in the previous 3 decades. The means for 1990-1999 is +87.62 mm above normal, marked the 1990s the wettest decade since the 1950s. Six stations with a time span of 1880-1999 are selected to establish century -long rainfall series. This series also shows that the 1990s is the wettest decade during the last 120 years. In the wettest 12 years, four occurred in the 1990s (1991,1996,1998 and 1999). Both global and China’s temperature show there is a relative lower air temperature during the 1960-1970s, and a rapid warming in the 1980-1990s. Comparisons of rainfall between 1960-1979 and 1980-1999 show there are dramatic changes. In the cold period 1960-1979, the summer rainfall along the Yangtze River is 3.8 % to 4.7 % below the normal, during the warm period 1980-1999, over 8.4 % to 18.2 % of summer rainfall occurs. Over the whole eastern China, the summer rainfall shows opposite spatial patterns from the 1960-1970s to 1980-1990s. The consistent trend toward more rainfall with global warming is also presented by the greenhouse scenario modeling. A millennial Drought/flood Index for the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River showed that although the surplus summer rainfall in the 1990s is the severest during the past 150 years, it is not outstanding in the context of past millennium. Power spectra of the Drought/flood Index show significant interdecadal periods at 33.3 and 11.8 years. Thus, both the natural inter-decadal variations and the global warming may play important roles in the frequent floods witnessed during the last two decades. 相似文献
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中国城市空间结构研究评述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
中国正处于城市化快速发展时期, 城市空间结构面临关键转型, 相关研究日益受到重视, 研究数量不断增多, 深度不断加强。因此, 有必要对中国城市空间结构相关研究进行系统总结, 从中找出存在的问题, 以及与国际相关研究的差距。基于对20 世纪80 年代以来中国城市空间结构相关研究成果的数量统计, 将其划分为3 个主要的研究时期:① 20 世纪80-90 年代中期, 为西方城市空间结构理论引入期及国内实证研究的起步期;② 20 世纪90年代中期-21 世纪初, 为中国城市空间结构的研究积累期;③ 21 世纪初至今, 为中国城市空间结构模式的总结及新城市空间现象研究的多元化时期。在对各个时期主要相关研究成果进行梳理和总结的基础上, 对比当前国际研究的最新成果, 提出未来中国城市空间结构的重点研究领域应当集中于:转型期城市空间结构理论模式的探讨, 新城市空间现象的深入探讨, 节约型城市空间增长的研究, 城市空间结构深层机制的分析, 中、微观尺度研究领域的开拓, 新研究方法的应用等6个方面。 相似文献
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滦河下游河道及三角洲地貌的近期演化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
自20世纪80年代滦河上中游大型水库的修建以及下游农业用水量的激增,滦河下游水沙锐减。至桃林口水库修建后,滦河入海水量减至5.96亿m3/a,下泻泥沙减至2.43万t/a,滦河断流趋势日益严重。本文选择1979年至2007年多期遥感影像,探讨在大规模水资源开发影响下滦河下游河道及三角洲地貌的演化。结果表明:20世纪90年代以后滦河下游水沙量的大幅减少直接导致下游河道萎缩。由于上游水库的拦截以及下游河道搬运能力下降,入海泥沙量大幅减少几至断绝,致使滦河三角洲主汊道1984年改道后并未发育形成新的三角洲叶瓣,入海汊道由多汊萎缩为单汊,三角洲逐渐转入全面侵蚀阶段。 相似文献
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气候变暖导致气候资源配置发生变化,由此而引发的农业气象灾害导致果树作物发育进程、果树产量出现较大波动。利用统计学方法对甘肃天水近30 a气候资源变化对杏树产量影响研究和分析,得出20世纪90年代以来杏树花芽膨大、现蕾、开花期较80年代提前6~7 d,果实成熟期提前10 d左右;由此而引发的农业气象灾害以初秋9月下旬、后冬1月下旬至2月上旬、花前3月上旬温暖干旱气候和花果期4月上中旬低温干旱气候对杏树产量形成影响最大,年际变化除后冬干旱灾害呈明显加重趋势,为本世纪影响杏树产量形成的主要农业气象灾害外,其它灾害在本世纪虽略有减轻,但危害程度仍明显重于80年代;10 a平均气候产量动态相对偏差百分率90年代(与80年代相比)减少29.9个百分点,本世纪减少7.8个百分点。评估有灾17 a,实况(轻、中、中大和大灾) 16 a,评估准确率94%,其中中灾和中大灾害评估准确率均达100%,评估效果比较理想,对农业防灾减灾有一定的指导意义。 相似文献