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1.
Earl J. Senninger Jr. 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):9-11
Ethical dilemmas involving issues of harm-benefit, privacy, deception, and sponsor relations are encountered frequently in geographical research. Geographers have not always been sensitive to ethical issues, nor have they always been able to reconcile their obligations to understanding and knowledge with those of respecting the dignity and integrity of research subjects. This paper reviews these fundamental ethical concerns. Four strategies for handling ethical difficulties are reviewed: individual self-regulation, disciplinary responses, institutional controls, and external controls. Individual self-regulation is recommended. 相似文献
2.
Sarah Marie Hall 《Area》2009,41(3):263-272
This paper addresses the difficulties and dilemmas that may occur when friendships are formed with participants during an ethnographic research project. The ongoing, reciprocal relationships developed with participants are considered essential in the data collection of ethnography, as an avenue through which research can be carried out. However, while friendships in the field may open new doors to research, they can also create new (ethical) challenges. This paper revisits these issues, alongside research ethics guidelines, using three different scenarios: the negotiation of methods of contact, the maintenance of contact with participants and the sharing of research diaries with participants. From these discussions, two issues arise that may have implications for future ethnographic research: the obstacle of social networking websites and the negotiation of appropriate research ethics when participants become our friends. 相似文献
3.
Geographers have long been at the forefront of participating in and exploring the intersection of geographic knowledge and community-engaged research. This Focus Section highlights key debates and challenges facing geographers who participate in community-engaged work, explorations of pedagogical and ethical practices, departmental and institutional challenges, and examples of thoughtful applications of geographic knowledge to community-based work. It also seeks to generate knowledge and discussion of how geographers can employ civic engagement to advance geographic learning and enhance the profile of the discipline within and beyond higher education institutions. By focusing on such issues, this collection of articles contributes in vital ways to meet the challenges that higher education institutions face in demonstrating the relevance of academic learning to societal issues. This introduction to the Focus Section reviews the historical context of civic engagement in geography, provides a broad-scale look at the state of civically engaged research in U.S. institutions of higher learning, and highlights the contributions of each of the individual articles included in this Focus Section. 相似文献
4.
定量遥感尺度转换方法研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
首先对遥感科学和气象学、水文学、生态学、地理学和的尺度概念及其转换方法进行了区分。其次对遥感数据空间尺度转换方法的国内外研究进展情况进行了系统梳理,重点比对了目前空间尺度转换常用6种转换方法：统计转换法、分类转换法、数据融合转换方法、分形分析法、基于局域动态模型的转换方法和基于物理意义尺度转换方法及其各自所属方法的优点和缺点。再次以遥感时间尺度转换应用最为广泛的地表蒸散发和农业旱情监测等2个领域为例,对遥感时间尺度转换方法进行了总结。最后预测了今后定量遥感尺度转换研究可能的研究重点,以期为今后更好地开展尺度效应和尺度转换研究工作提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Peter J Hemming 《Area》2008,40(2):152-162
Human geographers are increasingly employing mixed-method approaches in their research, including in children's geographies, where 'child-centred' methods are often used alongside participant observation and semi-structured interviews to investigate children's perceptions and experiences. Mixing qualitative methods in this way raises a number of ethical and methodological issues, particularly regarding the changing power relationships between researchers and participants. This article considers the challenges and potential benefits of combining methods from participatory and interpretive approaches through triangulation or 'crystallisation'. The issues are illustrated through an empirical case study on children, health and exercise in the everyday spaces of the primary school. 相似文献
6.
基于Web of Science核心数据库收录的1982－2020年7 260篇期刊论文及其参考文献,借助CiteSpace绘制国际经济地理学的知识图谱,梳理该领域的知识基础、研究热点和研究前沿。结果发现：1）知识基础的演进轨迹遵循了新区域主义——制度、社会、文化、演化转向的时序变化,21世纪以来,关系、演化经济地理学下的经典文献成为主要的知识来源。2）研究热点突出,创新和增长始终是研究核心,近年来韧性、全球生产网络、金融地理、全球城市、不平等、企业家精神等成为新的研究热点。3）研究前沿具有较强的问题导向,主要基于西方发达国家的产业发展实践。4）研究空间呈现英美主导的两级格局,大部分国家仍处于边缘地带。5）国际经济地理学呈现明显的数字转向、可持续转型趋势,新冠疫情对学科走向也有一定影响。借鉴国际研究经验,中国经济地理学应加强理论创新并提出具有中国实践特色的理论体系,同时推动多学科之间的交叉融合并加强从社会学视角解读社会经济活动的地理学意义。 相似文献
7.
随着投入产出分析理论不断完善和发展,其应用研究领域不断得到拓展和深化。以投入产出理论发展入手,重点对水资源与环境投入产出研究作评述,提出研究中存在的关键问题。介绍了投入占用产出与灰色投入产出分析理论的提出与发展,两者均是对传统投入产出理论的有效补充和完善。阐述了水资源在区域各部门间的投入产出规律,总结了环境投入产出研究中结合其他分析方法的投入产出模型。大量文献资料显示,在国内外水资源与环境投入产出模型的发展与近期研究中,水资源消耗分析与虚拟水研究是水资源投入产出分析研究热点,环境排污分析与环境影响分析研究是环境投入产出分析的重点。提出并分析了内部技术假设和部门总合对投入产出分析结果的影响,指出该两大关键问题急需探索解决。最后,就投入产出分析研究现状提出几点展望。 相似文献
8.
《The Professional geographer》2012,64(1):37-53
The professional organizations to which geographers belong and by which they are represented have a civic duty and ethical responsibility to educate their members about mental health issues in their professions and, by default, their work environments. And yet national-level professional associations in North America are lagging behind universities in adopting initiatives, commissioning reports, and looking into best practices around the mental health of their members. A survey of the Web sites of sixty-six professional associations in the social sciences, geographical sciences, and humanities in the United States and Canada reveals an uneven presence of attention to mental health issues in terms of their members’ research on mental health issues, awareness of mental health as a professional development issue, and engagement in mental health advocacy and public outreach. In this article, we explore how geography’s professional organizations compare to others with respect to these issues and suggest ways in which they can develop their own mental health protocols to address the crisis of mental health in the academy. Key Words: Academic professional associations, American Association of Geographers, Canadian Association of Geographers, mental health, mental health practices and policies. 相似文献
9.
城镇化背景下广州流动儿童对“家”空间的建构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随迁流动儿童是当下中国流动人口重要且长期被学术界忽视的部分。城乡的空间跨越和生境差异对儿童关于“家”的理解产生深远影响。在文献回顾的基础上,以广州流动儿童作为研究对象,从“儿童视角”出发,通过绘图、写作、焦点小组讨论等适合儿童特点的方法进行数据的收集和分析,探讨城市流动儿童在家的建构过程中的参与和主观感知。主要结论为：① 随迁流动儿童经历着复杂的家庭分离和重组,这种动力机制在空间上体现出“家”空间的不确定性和不稳定性。流动性已成为新型城镇化背景下家空间最重要的特性;② 随迁流动儿童的“家”是城市的“家”和乡村的“家”叠加起来的意象。城市流动儿童摇摆在“城”与“乡”之间,其生长的经历中混杂着城市与乡村两种人地关系和生活经历。“城—乡”二元的混杂成为新型城镇化背景下理解“家”空间的重要路径;③ 流动儿童拥有构建“家”空间的能动性和策略。在“家”的构建过程中,流动儿童充分发挥他们的能动性,通过分担家庭责任等方式成为迁移的积极参与者,即使经历着与家庭成员的频繁分离,他们依然有自己的策略去维系“家”的存在,实现整个家庭在城乡迁移过程中的完整性和稳定性。研究结论丰富了国内人文地理学视角下的移民研究及儿童研究的相关理论成果,并为认识和缓解当前流动儿童问题提供可借鉴的实践经验和政策建议。 相似文献
10.
This paper is positioned within current debates on education development and the value of fieldwork as a pathway to fostering a nuanced, sophisticated and empathetic world view among students. Here, we focus on one form of field‐based teaching within geography, that is, intensive field studies courses taught abroad. We draw on our experience as cofacilitators of a six‐week intensive field course conducted in various parts of Thailand. The course we discuss in this paper was focused on teaching students both applied research skills (critical engagement, ethnographic research methods and ethical research practice) and substantive content (the social, cultural, political and economic aspects of Thailand from a geographer's perspective). We argue that the value of field studies lies in the ability of such a course to help students enhance and deepen broad, generalisable skills such as problem solving; ethical research practice; critical engagement with complex social issues; and independent research skills. 相似文献
11.
Stuart Corbridge Glyn Williams Manoj Srivastava René Véron 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(2):242-257
This paper considers some practical problems associated with organising large‐scale comparative field research in eastern India. The focus of the paper is on the use of brainstorming and “modified logframes” as two means by which hypotheses about the working of the local state from the point of view of the rural poor could be turned into concrete field questions. The paper is less concerned with ethical and positional issues relating to team‐based research in “the tropics” (on this, see Williams et al., 2003a) than with the equally important if apparently more prosaic issues relating to the flawed but necessary search for objectivity and rigour in comparative field studies. 相似文献
12.
13.
Gill Valentine 《Area》1999,31(1):67-74
Summary The question of whether household members should be interviewed together or apart is hotly debated in 'family' studies. In this paper, I use my own experiences of both methods of interviewing in order to explore some of the practical problems, ethical issues and power dynamics of conducting household research, and to demonstrate how a household focus can contribute to the understanding of gender relations. 相似文献
14.
The water resources of Canada are today, and have always been, of major importance to the welfare of Canadians. Throughout most of Canada's history, these resources have been viewed within a supply–management framework and, frequently, exploited through the construction of 'megaprojects', often with little or no concern for issues such as environmental harm and social and community disruption. As in many parts of the world, those most affected by such large-scale water resource developments have been aboriginals (in Canada, 'First Nations' peoples). Although the issues of environmental, social and economic damage to First Nations as a result of water megaprojects have been investigated, little has been written about the impact of such projects – especially dam construction – on the loss of sense of place of deracinated peoples. This paper investigates one example of such loss of sense of place, that of the Cheslatta T'En forcibly removed from their ancestral lands in the 1950s so as to allow for the construction of a private hydroelectric dam by the Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan). 相似文献
15.
Scott M. Freundschuh 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):43-48
This article provides a federal context for institutional review of research protocols involving human participants. Most research conducted by social scientists is appropriate for expedited review or exempt status, yet many university institutional review boards (IRBs) unnecessarily require research protocols to be reviewed by the full IRB, therefore impeding the progress of research projects. This article describes the nature of the IRB process; explains minimal risk; contrasts full, expedited, and exempt review of research; and provides guidance on placing your research in the context of IRB review. Finally, this article calls for our discipline to integrate the ethical issues of human participants in research into courses on research design and therefore make this knowledge part of our geography culture. 相似文献
16.
城市脆弱性研究评述与展望 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
当前,脆弱性为可持续性科学研究的热点问题,城市脆弱性是努力实现城市可持续发展急需开展的重要研究内容.基于国内外城市脆弱性研究文献资料的回顾,梳理了城市脆弱性概念、研究分类、分析框架、动力机制和评价方法.目前对城市脆弱性尚未形成统一的概念框架,缺乏完善的评价指标体系,对动力机制与调控的研究不足,缺少对城市耦合系统脆弱性的研究.未来,应在现有城市脆弱性研究基础上,建立综合、可行的评价指标体系,构建综合评价模型,并注重典型区域的城市脆弱性评价,为城市可持续发展提供科学依据. 相似文献
17.
The paper examines the emergence of urban street barriers, which are objects placed by municipal governments or neighborhood associations on publicly owned, local service streets to control vehicular traffic. An increasing number of U.S. cities have adopted street barriers in order to deter crime and to regulate commuter traffic. The paper discusses the conditions that prompted cities to adopt street barriers and the results of their installations. Street barriers are effective as traffic controls but have mixed results in reducing crime. The philosophical issues relating to the continued adoption of street barriers are addressed. The paper concludes with a call for additional research on street barriers. 相似文献
18.
空港经济区范围界定——以长三角枢纽机场为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
针对空港经济区相关研究一直依附于临空经济发展研究的现状,在分析空港经济区与临空经济区相互关系的基础上,明确了空港经济区概念,提出空港经济区范围界定方法：①紧邻机场区域的建成区形成与否是判别空港经济区是否形成的依据之一;②参照国内外成熟空港建设经验,对5km半径范围和15分钟时间覆盖区域分别进行圈层划分,进而计算各圈层内部各类临空指向产业比重,由此确定空港经济区所在圈层;③根据企业空间布局,对基础圈层进行一定变形,并结合实证地区实际情况,对比分析同心圆圈层分析与时间半径分析结果,以确定空港经济区最终范围。对长三角枢纽机场的实证研究表明,上海虹桥国际机场已经形成以机场为中心,外延2km的空港经济区,可达性分析表明,这一范围大致为空港交通走廊沿线6分钟车程内的高可达性地区。而南京禄口国际机场和无锡硕放国际机场由于周边区域产业的临空指向性较弱,尚未形成空港经济区。 相似文献
19.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):134-136
Researching forced migration issues, in a war or post-war context, poses numerous problems. Defining a forced migrant is not always easy, and there is often a large gap between ideal mandates and realpolitik in terms of humanitarian assistance, providing a challenge to research methodologies. 相似文献
20.
从《地理学报》看80年的中国经济地理学发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地理学报》发表的论文具有“高、精、特、实”的特点,评述《地理学报》的经济地理学论文可更加简洁地勾勒出经济地理学的整体“骨骼”。本文基于80年来《地理学报》发表的421篇经济地理论文,从论文数量、发展脉络、研究范式、面向国家需求、学科发展变化等方面梳理了中国经济地理学发展,总结了相关研究特点。论文统计表明,经济地理学研究不断发展,各学科发展很不均衡。呈现密切联系经济发展中的新问题、从经济增长研究转向可持续发展研究、从与自然关系密切的要素研究转向人文要素的研究、研究领域从注重物质生产转向非物质领域等特征。分支学科发展侧重于区域、工业和农业,但交通、商业服务业、城市等也呈增长趋势。学术思想来源多元化、研究尺度多样化、研究方法定量化。总的来看,中国经济地理学呈现出紧密服务国家需求、侧重宏观研究、侧重经济增长、侧重应用型研究的研究特点,但在微观研究、综合研究、理论凝炼方面逐步加强。 相似文献