首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
海洋卫星测高在全球和区域大地水准面建模、全球海洋重力场反演、海底地形探测、海平面变化监测、构造板块运动研究等大地测量领域至关重要。本文概述了海洋微波测高卫星的简要发展历程,重点梳理了卫星测高在全球海洋重力场和全球海底地形建模方面取得的丰硕成果,对比分析了主流的海洋重力场和海底地形模型;介绍了合成孔径雷达高度计、Ka频段雷达高度计、合成孔径雷达干涉仪3种先进微波测高技术,并分析了其各自的优缺点,表明它们将在未来若干年呈并驱发展趋势;较为系统地阐述了海洋卫星测高的另一新型技术,即GNSS反射信号测量技术的研究动态,给出了GNSS-R(GNSS reflectometry)类(试验)卫星的发展脉络和发展前景。卫星测高的发展趋势之一是多颗测高卫星的组网观测,本文概括了曾经提出的和拟议中的若干组网测高计划,扼要介绍了由我国提出并正在实施的双星跟飞测高模式;最后指出了卫星测高发展的几个主要关注点,包括双星跟飞测高和SWOT(surface water ocean topography)任务的2维海面高(差)测量、卫星测高反演海底地形与高级地形激光高度计观测数据及遥感卫星图像的结合、星载GNSS-R厘米级海面高的载波相位测量、人工智能技术在卫星测高中的潜在应用等。  相似文献   

2.
海洋重力场模型反演的质量主要依赖于采用测高数据的精度、空间分辨率和数据分布密集程度。本文联合Geosat GM/ERM、ERS-1 GM/ERM、TOPEX/Poseidon、Envisat、Cryosat-2、Jason-1 ERM/GM和SARAL/AltiKa等多种测高观测数据集,深入比较了多种波形重跟踪算法的效果,回波数据重跟踪处理后的沿轨海面高标准差。统计表明,Sandwell算法优于MLE-4算法、Davis阈值法、改进阈值法和β参数拟合法;基于不同测高数据波形重采样的结果给出了沿轨海面梯度计算中低通滤波的参数选择方法,并采用Sandwell提出的垂线偏差法,反演了全球海域1′×1′的重力场模型。检核表明,反演结果与DTU13和SIO V23.1模型检核的差值均方根分别为3.4、1.8 mGal,与NGDC船测数据的检核精度为4~8 mGal,且本文模型在部分典型海区内精度更优。  相似文献   

3.
We process geophysical and waveform data records of the Geosat/GM (geodetic mission) satellite altimeter mission for waveform retracking and applications. An improved threshold retracker is developed. The performances of the Beta-5, threshold and improved threshold retrackers are assessed over waters around Taiwan. The improved threshold retracker outperforms the other two. The improvement in the accuracy of sea surface height (SSH) is investigated according to marine zone and the distance of waters to the shore. The improvement rate increases closer to the land, with the largest improvement rate of about 20% in waters within 10 km of the shore. Over waters around islands and coasts, there are still retracked SSHs with large errors. Least-squares collocation is used to compute gravity anomalies from the Geosat/GM altimeter data. Use of retracked SSHs improves the accuracy of gravity anomalies by about 11%. Adding airborne gravity data further improves the accuracy, especially in the immediate vicinity of the coasts. Tide model errors over coastal waters remain a problem in altimetry applications, even if the waveforms are properly retracked.  相似文献   

4.
海洋重力场特征参数在地球重力场逼近计算和海上测量优化设计中具有重要的应用价值。基于卫星测高重力在海域具有覆盖范围广且分布均匀的独特优势，提出了利用最新卫星测高重力数据集开展海洋重力场特征统计模型计算和分析的研究方案，给出了代表误差和协方差函数模型参数的计算公式，定义并研究了海洋广义布格重力异常的变化特征，提出了等精度和非等精度拟合经验协方差函数的计算模型。利用中国近海及西太平洋海区超过50万个5'×5'方块的1'×1'网格卫星测高重力异常数据，首次计算得到一组有代表性的中国周边海域重力场特征统计模型参数，较好地揭示了海洋重力场有别于陆地重力场的变化特征，利用海面船测重力数据对计算结果进行了可靠性检核，提出了相应的模型参数修正方案和使用建议。  相似文献   

5.
The quality of altimeter data and ocean tide model is critical to the recovery of coastal gravity anomalies. In this contribution, three retracking methods (threshold, improved threshold and Beta-5) are investigated with the aim of improving the altimeter data over a shallow water area. Comparison indicates that the improved threshold is the best retracking method over China Sea. Two ocean tide models, NAO99b and CSR4.0, are analyzed. Results show that different tide models used in the processing of altimeter data may result in differences more than 10 mGal in recovered coastal gravity anomalies. Also, NAO99b is more suitable than CSR4.0 over the shallow water area of China Sea. Finally, gravity anomalies over China Sea are calculated from retracked Geosat/GM and ERS-1/GM data by least squares collocation. Comparison with shipborne gravimetry data demonstrates that gravity anomalies from retracked data are significantly superior to those from non-retracked data. Our results have the same order as the other two altimeter-derived gravity models: Sandwell&Smith(V16) and DNSC08.  相似文献   

6.
International compilations of marine gravity, such as the International Gravity Bureau (BGI) contain tens of millions of point data. Lemoine et al. (The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Geopotential Model EGM96, NASA/TP-1998-206861) chose not to include any marine gravity in the construction of the global gravity model EGM96. Instead they used synthetic anomalies derived from altimetry, so that no independent information about Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) can be deduced. Software has been developed not only to identify and correct those aspects of marine gravity data that are unreliable, but to do so in a way that can be applied to very large, ocean-wide data sets. First, we select only straight-line parts of ship-tracks and fit each one with a high-degree series of Chebyshev polynomials, whose misfit standard deviation is σ line and measures the random error associated with point gravity data. Then, network adjustment determines how the gravity datum is offset for each survey. A free least squares adjustment minimises the gravity anomaly mismatch at line-crossing points, using σ line to weight the estimate for each line. For a long, well crossed survey, the instrumental drift rate is also adjusted. For some 42,000 cross-over points in the northern Atlantic Ocean, network adjustment reduces the unweighted standard deviation of the cross-over errors from 4.03 to 1.58 mGal; when quality weighted, the statistic reduces from 1.32 to 0.39 mGal. The geodetic MDT is calculated combining the adjusted gravity anomalies and satellite altimetry, and a priori global ocean model through a new algorithm called the Iterative Combination Method. This paper reports a first demonstration that geodetic oceanography can characterise the details of basin wide ocean circulation with a resolution better than global ocean circulation models. The result matches regional models of ocean circulation from hydrography measurements (Geophys Res Lett 29:1896, 2002; J Geophys Res 108:3251, 2003).  相似文献   

7.
The accumulation of good quality satellite altimetry missions allows us to have a precise geoid with fair resolution and to compute free air gravity anomalies easily by fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques.In this study we are comparing two methods to get gravity anomalies. The first one is to establish a geoid grid and transform it into anomalies using inverse Stokes formula in the spectral domain via FFT. The second one computes deflection of the vertical grids and transforms them into anomalies.The comparison is made using different data sets: Geosat, ERS-1 and Topex-Poseidon exact repeat misions (ERMs) north of 30°S and Geosat geodetic mission (GM) south of 30°S. The second method which transforms the geoid gradients converted into deflection of the vertical values is much better and the results have been favourably evaluated by comparison with marine gravity data.  相似文献   

8.
The European Space Agency’s Gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer mission (GOCE) was launched on 17 March 2009. As the first of the Earth Explorer family of satellites within the Agency’s Living Planet Programme, it is aiming at a better understanding of the Earth system. The mission objective of GOCE is the determination of the Earth’s gravity field and geoid with high accuracy and maximum spatial resolution. The geoid, combined with the de facto mean ocean surface derived from twenty-odd years of satellite radar altimetry, yields the global dynamic ocean topography. It serves ocean circulation and ocean transport studies and sea level research. GOCE geoid heights allow the conversion of global positioning system (GPS) heights to high precision heights above sea level. Gravity anomalies and also gravity gradients from GOCE are used for gravity-to-density inversion and in particular for studies of the Earth’s lithosphere and upper mantle. GOCE is the first-ever satellite to carry a gravitational gradiometer, and in order to achieve its challenging mission objectives the satellite embarks a number of world-first technologies. In essence the spacecraft together with its sensors can be regarded as a spaceborne gravimeter. In this work, we describe the mission and the way it is operated and exploited in order to make available the best-possible measurements of the Earth gravity field. The main lessons learned from the first 19 months in orbit are also provided, in as far as they affect the quality of the science data products and therefore are of specific interest for GOCE data users.  相似文献   

9.
双星伴飞卫星测高模式及其轨道设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
鲍李峰  许厚泽 《测绘学报》2014,43(7):661-667
为达到提高反演海洋重力场分辨率的要求,本文提出一种双星伴飞的测高卫星模式,并根据卫星轨道设计的基本要求,给出相应的卫星轨道设计方案。仿真分析表明,该方案可在卫星设计寿命内完成反演1′×1′空间分辨率海洋重力场的要求,且观测数据覆盖了全球大部分海洋区域。该模式可实现星下点海平面梯度的实时测量,提出了改进测高反演海洋重力场的精度的新思路。  相似文献   

10.
Two modifications of the Hotine formula using the truncation theory and marine gravity disturbances with altimetry data are developed and used to compute a marine gravimetric geoid in the Gulf Stream area. The purpose of the geoid computation from marine gravity information is to derive the absolute dynamic ocean topography based on the best estimate of the mean surface height from recent altimetry missions such as Geosat, ERS-1, and Topex. This paper also tries to overcome difficulties of using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) techniques to the geoid computation when the Hotine kernel is modified according to the truncation theory. The derived absolute dynamic ocean topography is compared with that from global circulation models such as POCM4B and POP96. The RMS difference between altimetry-derived and global circulation model dynamic ocean topography is at the level of 25cm. The corresponding mean difference for POCM4B and POP96 is only a few centimeters. This study also shows that the POP96 model is in slightly better agreement with the results derived from the Hotine formula and altimetry data than POCM4B in the Gulf Stream area. In addition, Hotine formula with modification (II) gives the better agreement with the results from the two global circulation models than the other techniques discussed in this paper. Received: 10 October 1996 / Accepted: 16 January 1998  相似文献   

11.
Towards a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution altimetry gravity field   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Over the past three decades, radar altimetry has made a significant contribution to marine gravity field modeling. To improve the accuracy and resolution, we propose a new twin-satellite altimetry. Such a system has several advantages. Among others, it provides (i) twice the number of samples per time epoch, and (ii) information about the cross-track surface gradient with high accuracy because most of the environmental and tidal errors will be common to the simultaneous measurements and therefore cancel out when computing the cross-track gradient computation. We describe a rigorous procedure for the deduction of the sea surface gradient at each altimeter observation point (i.e., not only at the crossovers), from the twin-satellite altimetry system. The precision of the gradient will be slightly affected by orbit errors, instrument drift, and inaccuracies in the geophysical corrections to be applied. We also demonstrate that a 1 mGal accuracy and 1 min resolution marine altimetry gravity field can be obtained if certain conditions are met. To achieve the expected goal, we recommend an orbital configuration, phasing two satellites in 4-s time delay such that the Earth rotation creates a natural baseline between the two satellites, and a 18 kHz SAR altimeter.  相似文献   

12.
 A technique is presented for the development of a high-precision and high-resolution mean sea surface model utilising radar altimetric sea surface heights extracted from the geodetic phase of the European Space Agency (ESA) ERS-1 mission. The methodology uses a cubic-spline fit of dual ERS-1 and TOPEX crossovers for the minimisation of radial orbit error. Fourier domain processing techniques are used for spectral optimal interpolation of the mean sea surface in order to reduce residual errors within the initial model. The EGM96 gravity field and sea surface topography models are used as reference fields as part of the determination of spectral components required for the optimal interpolation algorithm. A comparison between the final model and 10 cycles of TOPEX sea surface heights shows differences of between 12.3 and 13.8 cm root mean square (RMS). An un-optimally interpolated surface comparison with TOPEX data gave differences of between 15.7 and 16.2 cm RMS. The methodology results in an approximately 10-cm improvement in accuracy. Further improvement will be attained with the inclusion of stacked altimetry from both current and future missions. Received: 22 December 1999 / Accepted: 6 November 2000  相似文献   

13.
C. Hwang 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(2-3):117-136
 COSMIC is a joint Taiwan–US mission to study the atmosphere using the Global Positioning System (GPS) occultation technique. Improved formulas are developed for the radial, along-track, and cross-track perturbations, which are more accurate than the commonly used order-zero formulas. The formulas are used to simulate gravity recovery using the geodetic GPS data of COSMIC in the operational phase. Results show that the EGM96 model can be improved up to degree 26 using 1 year of COSMIC data. TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data are used to derive a temporal gravity variation. COSMIC cannot reproduce this gravity variation perfectly because of data noise and orbital configuration, but the recovered field clearly shows the gravity signature due to mass movement in an El Ni?o. Received: 3 March 2000 / Accepted: 10 November 2000  相似文献   

14.
2005年我国对珠穆朗玛峰高程进行了新的测定,为此在珠峰及其邻近地区开展了大规模的大地测量数据获取和数据处理工作。相对于1975年珠峰测高,2005年在珠峰以北地区的地面控制和珠峰高程测定中采用了GPS技术,采用了雷达探测技术测定珠峰峰顶冰雪覆盖层的深度,利用地球重力场模型、重力和数字地形数据、以及GPS水准等资料,精化珠峰地区的大地水准面,提高了测量珠峰高程和探测峰顶冰雪覆盖层深度的精度和可靠性。由此测得珠峰峰顶雪面正常高为8 846.67 M,珠峰峰顶雪面正高(海拔高)为8 847.93 M,珠峰峰顶岩面正高为8 844.43 M,珠峰峰顶相应点的冰雪层厚度为3.50 M。  相似文献   

15.
赫林  李建成  褚永海 《测绘学报》2016,45(7):768-774
利用不同重力场模型（EIGEN-6C4、EGM2008）和海面高模型（DNSC08、DTU10、DTU13）确定了全球平均海面重力位均值62 636 856.550 7 m2s-2,加入海面地形改正后得到全球大地水准面重力位均值62 636 858.179 0 m2s-2。联合EGM2008模型与全国均匀分布的649个GPS/水准数据,根据异常位法、正常高反算法以及高程异常差法,分别计算了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准之间的垂直偏差,并对3种垂直偏差结果通过加权方法进行了改善。最后,利用两种方法对垂直偏差结果的合理性与正确性进行验证。结果表明我国高程基准面高于全球平均海面0.298 0 m,高于全球大地水准面0.464 2 m。  相似文献   

16.
The recent improvements in the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) tracking data processing at GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and Groupe de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS) Toulouse, the availability of newer surface gravity data sets in the Arctic, Antarctica and North-America, and the availability of a new mean sea surface height model from altimetry processing at GFZ gave rise to the generation of two new global gravity field models. The first, EIGEN-GL04S1, a satellite-only model complete to degree and order 150 in terms of spherical harmonics, was derived by combination of the latest GFZ Potsdam GRACE-only (EIGEN-GRACE04S) and GRGS Toulouse GRACE/LAGEOS (EIGEN-GL04S) mean field solutions. The second, EIGEN-GL04S1 was combined with surface gravity data from altimetry over the oceans and gravimetry over the continents to derive a new high-resolution global gravity field model called EIGEN-GL04C. This model is complete to degree and order 360 and thus resolves geoid and gravity anomalies at half- wavelengths of 55 km at the equator. A degree-dependent combination method has been applied in order to preserve the high accuracy from the GRACE satellite data in the lower frequency band of the geopotential and to form a smooth transition to the high-frequency information coming from the surface data. Compared to pre-CHAMP global high-resolution models, the accuracy was improved at a spatial resolution of 200 km (half-wavelength) by one order of magnitude to 3 cm in terms of geoid heights. The accuracy of this model (i.e. the commission error) at its full spatial resolution is estimated to be 15 cm. The model shows a reduced artificial meridional striping and an increased correlation of EIGEN-GL04C-derived geostrophic meridional currents with World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA01) data. These improvements have led to select EIGEN-GL04C for JASON-1 satellite altimeter data reprocessing. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

17.
In this contribution, we describe the global GOCE-only gravity field model ITG-Goce02 derived from 7.5 months of gradiometer and orbit data. This model represents an alternative to the official ESA products as it is computed completely independently, using a different processing strategy and a separate software package. Our model is derived using the short arc approach, which allows a very effective decorrelation of the highly correlated GOCE gradiometer and orbit data noise by introducing a full empirical covariance matrix for each arc, and gives the possibility to downweight ‘bad’ arcs. For the processing of the orbit data we rely on the integral equation approach instead of the energy integral method, which has been applied in several other GOCE models. An evaluation against high-resolution global gravity field models shows very similar differences of our model compared to the official GOCE results published by ESA (release 2), especially to the model derived by the time-wise approach. This conclusion is confirmed by comparison of the GOCE models to GPS/levelling and altimetry data.  相似文献   

18.
新一代卫星重力探测任务GRACE大大提高了地球重力场模型中长波分量的精度,使得联合卫星测高平均海面分离更精细稳态海洋动力地形成为可能。本文利用T/P(1994年~2003年)和JASON-1(2003年~2005年)卫星测高数据确定了全球30′×30′平均海面高;基于重力场模型WHU-GM-05,计算得到对应于海面高的GRACE海洋大地水准面格网值;利用“移去-恢复法”和高斯滤波求得全球稳态海面地形。与EGM96、R io05、ECCO和GGM02模型进行比较,检验结果表明GRACE任务有效的改善了海洋大地水准面的精度,使得稳态海洋动力地形能够呈现更多细部。  相似文献   

19.
Antarctica is the only continent that suffers major gaps in terrestrial gravity data coverage. To overcome this problem and to close these gaps as well as to densify the global satellite gravity field solutions, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission Project 2.4 “Antarctic Geoid” was set into action. This paper reviews the current situation concerning the gravity field in Antarctica. It is shown that airborne geophysical surveys are the most promising tools to gain new gravity data in Antarctica. In this context, a number of projects to be carried out during the International Polar Year 2007/2008 will contribute to this goal. To demonstrate the feasibility of the regional geoid improvement in Antarctica, we present a case study using gravity and topography data of the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. During the processing, the remove–compute– restore (RCR) technique and least-squares collocation (LSC) were applied. Adding signal parts of up to 6 m to the global gravity field model that was used as a basis, the calculated regional quasigeoid reveals the dominant features of bedrock topography in that region, namely the graben structure of the Lambert glacier system. The accuracy of the improved regional quasigeoid is estimated to be at the level of 15 cm.  相似文献   

20.
We estimate seasonal global mean sea level changes using different data resources, including sea level anomalies from satellite radar altimetry, ocean temperature and salinity from the World Ocean Atlas 2001, time-variable gravity observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, and terrestrial water storage and atmospheric water vapor changes from the NASA global land data assimilation system and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis atmospheric model. The results from all estimates are consistent in amplitude and phase at the annual period, in some cases with remarkably good agreement. The results provide a good measure of average annual variation of water stored within atmospheric, land, and ocean reservoirs. We examine how varied treatments of degree-2 and degree-1 spherical harmonics from GRACE, laser ranging, and Earth rotation variations affect GRACE mean sea level change estimates. We also show that correcting the standard equilibrium ocean pole tide correction for mass conservation is needed when using satellite altimeter data in global mean sea level studies. These encouraging results indicate that is reasonable to consider estimating longer-term time series of water storage in these reservoirs, as a way of tracking climate change.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号