共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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陈源恺 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(11)
地面固定式激光扫描系统能够获取大面积高分辨率的被测对象表面三维数据,本研究通过对固定式LiDAR激光数据做初分类,从地面点中粗提取具有少量噪声的建筑墙面数据,然后利用平面区域分割算法和立面约束条件提取建筑物墙面数据。在对两份固定式三维激光扫描点云的实验中,通过对不同分辨率的数据利用本文所提算法都取得了较好的墙面提取效果,实验证明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对现有大规模点云数据平面特征分割方法中存在的错误识别、效率低、抗噪性差等问题,该文提出一种基于2D霍夫变换和八叉树的建筑物平面精细分割方法。该方法首先,对原始点云进行空间均匀降采样并向X-Y面投影,利用改进的2D霍夫变换算法提取投影后的点云线段,使用选权迭代法精确计算线段所在直线的方程及端点坐标,进一步确定立面的空间几何方程;接下来,建立原始点云数据的八叉树结构,利用端点坐标设计立方体并分割出立方体内的立面点云;最后,将立面点云从原始点云中剔除,对余下点云降采样并向X-Z面投影,重复以上过程分割水平面点云。试验验证了该文方法对建筑物面状特征分割的有效性。 相似文献
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建筑物屋顶面点云分割结果的好坏对建筑物三维模型重建起着重要的作用。针对传统RANSAC算法建筑物屋顶面点云的分割问题,提出了一种基于局部约束的建筑物点云平面分割方法。利用点云局部曲面法向约束构建法向准则,利用半径约束的点云空间聚类的方法对共面屋顶面点云进行分解,从而抑制"伪屋顶面"的产生;利用局部抽样策略降低算法的迭代次数,减少运算量。实验表明该方法能够获得稳定可靠的建筑物屋顶点云分割结果,将有利于后续的建筑物三维模型重建。 相似文献
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基于几何特征约束的建筑物点云配准算法 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
针对人工建筑物表面存在的几何特征关系提出了基于几何特征约束的建筑物点云配准算法,根据点云数据中平面与平面重合关系,推导点在平面上和平面法线平行的2种线性不等约束条件。在6独立参数模型中增加几何特征约束的不等约束条件组成了附有约束条件的配准模型。通过对建筑物3维激光扫描点云数据的采集和处理,详细分析了几何特征约束配准算法的处理结果。试验结果分析表明几何特征约束条件可以合理地改善3维空间转换参数解算结果,提出的配准模型较适合于人工建筑物点云数据的配准。 相似文献
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目前,机载LiDAR系统获取的点云数据具有多回波的特性,回波特性可以揭示地物的类型信息。本文在排除粗差、首次回波和中间次回波后,对单次回波和尾次回波形成的点云子集进行基于3DHough变换分割和滤波处理以区分地面点和非地面点(包括墙面点),然后合并首次回波、中间次回波和非地面点再次进行点云分割,利用分割面片的尺寸大小、单次回波激光脚点比例、首次回波和中间次回波激光脚点比例等三个指标区分建筑物激光脚点和植被激光脚点。实验证明,上述方法可以很好地将点云数据分类为墙面点、地面点、建筑物点和植被点。 相似文献
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Automatic 3D extraction of building roofs from remotely sensed data is important for many applications including city modelling. This paper proposes a new method for automatic 3D roof extraction through an effective integration of LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and multispectral orthoimagery. Using the ground height from a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), the raw LIDAR points are separated into two groups. The first group contains the ground points that are exploited to constitute a ‘ground mask’. The second group contains the non-ground points which are segmented using an innovative image line guided segmentation technique to extract the roof planes. The image lines are extracted from the grey-scale version of the orthoimage and then classified into several classes such as ‘ground’, ‘tree’, ‘roof edge’ and ‘roof ridge’ using the ground mask and colour and texture information from the orthoimagery. During segmentation of the non-ground LIDAR points, the lines from the latter two classes are used as baselines to locate the nearby LIDAR points of the neighbouring planes. For each plane a robust seed region is thereby defined using the nearby non-ground LIDAR points of a baseline and this region is iteratively grown to extract the complete roof plane. Finally, a newly proposed rule-based procedure is applied to remove planes constructed on trees. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully remove vegetation and so offers high extraction rates. 相似文献
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基于LIDAR数据的建筑物轮廓提取 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建筑物轮廓的准确提取是建筑物三维重建中最重要的一步。本文在研究已有建筑物轮廓提取方法的基础上,针对LIDAR离散的点云数据,提出了一种自动快速提取建筑物轮廓信息的方法。首先通过点云数据生成城市的数字表面模型(DSM)和数字地面模型(DTM)相减计算得出规则化的数字表面模型(nDSM),进而将地面点和非地面点进行分类;其次,考虑到地物的几何特性,提出一种8邻域搜索的方法对非地面点点云进行分割,得到建筑物表面点云;最后运用基于梯度图的边界跟踪的方法来获取建筑物的轮廓信息。实验表明:该方法能有效地提取建筑物轮廓。 相似文献
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利用机载LIDAR双次回波高程之差分类激光脚点 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
机载LIDAR技术已经引起了测绘界的浓厚兴趣,有可能给测绘领域带来一场新的技术革命。机载LI-DAR技术的硬件设备在国外已相对成熟,而机载LIDAR的数据后处理算法仍然处于研究发展阶段,还有诸多问题没有得到解决,其关键之一就是机载LIDAR数据的滤波与分类。本文首先对已有的滤波分类方法进行了综合评价,并指出了各自的局限。然后提出利用两次回波信号的高程数据来实现对机载LIDAR数据的分类。首次分类后得到植被激光脚点点集和地面及房屋激光脚点点集。而房屋上的激光脚点要高出地面上的激光脚点数米之多,简单利用阈值法就可以进一步分类出房屋激光脚点和地面激光脚点。也可以先经过滤波处理将地面激光脚点去掉,然后利用两次回波信号的高程数据来分类自然植被激光脚点和人工地物激光脚点。实验证明所提方法简单有效,算法简单实用,特别适用于分类植被激光脚点。 相似文献
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无人机倾斜摄影技术的不断发展为土方测量中存在的受地形限制，费时耗力等问题提供了解决途径。本文详细阐述了结合PhotoScan软件进行无人机倾斜摄影土方计算的方法，介绍了点云分类方法与非地面点高程值修正方法。通过对地面控制点、点云分类方法和非地面点高程等因素进行分析，提出了地面控制点布设优化三原则，并利用RTK土方计算结果对无人机倾斜摄影测量土方计算结果进行精度分析。结果表明：利用无人机倾斜摄影技术进行土方计算，不仅能够简化内外业工作流程，降低生产成本，同时，通过对地面控制点布设、点云分类方法和非地面点高程改进方法等影响因素进行优化，还能够在一定程度上提高土方计算的精度。 相似文献
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Xuelian Meng Le Wang José Luis Silván-Cárdenas Nate Currit 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(1):117-124
Automatic ground filtering for Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) data is a critical process for Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and three-dimensional urban model generation. Although researchers have developed many methods to separate bare ground from other urban features, the problem has not been fully solved due to the similar characteristics possessed by ground and non-ground objects, especially on abrupt surfaces. Current methods can be grouped into two major categories: neighborhood-based approaches and directional filtering. In this study, following the direction of the second branch, we propose a new Multi-directional Ground Filtering (MGF) algorithm to incorporate a two-dimensional neighborhood in the directional scanning so as to prevent the errors introduced by the sensitivity to directions. Besides this, the MGF algorithm explores the utility of identifying pattern varieties in different directions across an image. The authors conducted a comprehensive test of the performance on fifteen study sites and compared our results to eight other publicized methods based on the Kappa coefficients calculated from the error matrices reported by ISPRS. Overall, the MGF filter produces a promising performance in both urban and forest areas. The size and shape of non-ground objects do not pose significant influence on the performance of the MGF algorithm. The fact that MGF algorithm is robust to two commonly required parameters, slope and elevation difference thresholds, has added practical merits to be adopted in different landscapes. 相似文献
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LIDAR数据特点与分类算法探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
机载雷达点云的主要应用是生产数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,简称DEM).由于机载雷达所获得的雷达点云包括地面点和非地面点,所以在生产DEM之前要进行非地面点的滤除,在国外很多研究文献提出全自动或半自动的方法用来过滤地物点,保留地面点用以生成数字高程模型. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a new framework for ground extraction and building detection in LiDAR data. The proposed approach constructs the connectivity of a grid over the LiDAR point-cloud in order to perform multi-scale data decomposition. This is realised by forming a top-hat scale-space using differential morphological profiles (DMPs) on points’ residuals from the approximated surface. The geometric attributes of the contained features are estimated by mapping characteristic values from DMPs. Ground definition is achieved by using features’ geometry, whilst their surface and regional attributes are additionally considered for building detection. A new algorithm for local fitting surfaces (LoFS) is proposed for extracting planar points. Finally, transitions between planar ground and non-ground regions are observed in order to separate regions of similar geometrical and surface properties but different contexts (i.e. bridges and buildings). The methods were evaluated using ISPRS benchmark datasets and show superior results in comparison to the current state-of-the-art. 相似文献