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1.
文中分析总结了地图表达形式、价值能力、评价标准、设计者和使用者相互关系以及符号认知规律等的历史演变,提出在当今的全球网络时代,地图学理论工作者和地图系统研发者有责任重新定义地图的范畴并采用可用性作为地图的评价标准。就地图科学的发展趋势而言,作者以为3维仿真虚拟地理环境的普及给地图学提供了新的生长点,而正在兴起的3维非仿真虚拟地理环境将进一步保持和发扬传统地图的科学价值并使可视化技术走向可视化学。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):48-60
The growth of web-based mapping is transforming geovisualization. Use of web mapping has become ubiquitous throughout much of the world and has sparked greater public interest in GIS and mapping. Despite the rapid growth of web mapping, there has been relatively little study of the design and usability of web maps. Moreover, the design and function of popular web mapping programs are sometimes at odds with standard GIS and cartographic practices for even the simplest of functions such as zooming into a feature of interest. This study advances understanding of web mapping design via web usability testing based on mouse metrics and eye tracking technology to assess the utility of four different web map navigation schemes: pan zoom; double clicking; zoom by rectangle; and wheel zoom. We found significant differences among the various interfaces, with marked preference for the standard GIS approach of rectangle zoom, followed closely by wheel zoom. Far fewer users preferred the web mapping standard of pan zoom or click zoom. In addition to finding significant differences in usability among these approaches, this work illustrates the broader utility of usability testing and eye tracking technology for creating a better web mapping experience for users. 相似文献
3.
Valérie Maquil Ulrich Leopold Luís Moreira De Sousa Lou Schwartz Eric Tobias 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2018,20(2):185-206
The increasing complexity of urban planning projects today requires new approaches to better integrate stakeholders with different professional backgrounds throughout a city. Traditional tools used in urban planning are designed for experts and offer little opportunity for participation and collaborative design. This paper introduces the concept of geospatial tangible user interfaces (GTUI) and reports on the design and implementation as well as the usability of such a GTUI to support stakeholder participation in collaborative urban planning. The proposed system uses physical objects to interact with large digital maps and geospatial data projected onto a tabletop. It is implemented using a PostGIS database, a web map server providing OGC web services, the computer vision framework reacTIVision, a Java-based TUIO client, and GeoTools. We describe how a GTUI has be instantiated and evaluated within the scope of two case studies related to real world collaborative urban planning scenarios. Our results confirm the feasibility of our proposed GTUI solutions to (a) instantiate different urban planning scenarios, (b) support collaboration, and (c) ensure an acceptable usability. 相似文献
4.
基于用户的城市旅游电子地图设计系统的研究与实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李丹 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(2):149-151
随着旅游行业的蓬勃发展,城市旅游地图逐渐成为生命力最为旺盛的专题地图之一,被越来越多的人接受和使用。这里对城市旅游地图的现状进行了深入分析,根据其存在的问题与实际需求提出了基于用户的城市旅游电子地图设计系统,并提供了系统研究内容、系统功能,最后给出了具体实践,证明了系统的可行性与可用性。 相似文献
5.
Geographic masks are techniques used to protect privacy when publishing sensitive data in maps, but are not well adopted among researchers and may be difficult to execute for some GIS users. We developed a client‐side web application called MaskMy.XYZ that makes geographic masking easy to perform. It executes donut geomasking, a well‐known geographic mask, on thousands of points in seconds, and visualizes the original and masked point patterns in an integrated web map for visual comparison. MaskMy.XYZ also features metrics for both privacy protection and information loss, and allows users to rapidly and iteratively adjust masking parameters based on these metrics. The user interface was designed to prioritize usability, and clear documentation has been included to educate users about geographic masks, which is otherwise only found in niche literatures. By developing this application, we hope that geographic masks will be more widely adopted such that privacy is better protected in research. 相似文献
6.
以《广州城市地图集》及其移动版增强现实(augmented reality,AR)互动电子地图的设计与研发为例,从城市地图集的内容选题、可视化表达和成果应用方面,探索城市地图集对城市文化的挖掘和表达,并介绍了AR技术、图像自动识别技术、矢量瓦片电子地图、HTML5动态网页、全景和三维电子地图在《广州城市地图集》移动版中的创新应用方式,可为其他城市地图集和综合地图集的编制提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
7.
This article reports on the initial development of a generic framework for integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Massive Multi‐player Online Gaming (MMOG) technology to support the integrated modeling of human‐environment resource management and decision‐making. We review Web 2.0 concepts, online maps, and games as key technologies to realize a participatory construction of spatial simulation and decision making practices. Through a design‐based research approach we develop a prototype framework, “GeoGame”, that allows users to play board‐game‐style simulations on top of an online map. Through several iterations we demonstrate the implementation of a range of design artifacts including: real‐time, multi‐user editing of online maps, web services, game lobby, user‐modifiable rules and scenarios building, chat, discussion, and market transactions. Based on observational, analytical, experimental and functional evaluations of design artifacts as well as a literature review, we argue that a MMO GeoGame‐framework offers a viable approach to address the complex dynamics of human‐environmental systems that require a simultaneous reconciliation of both top‐down and bottom‐up decision making where stakeholders are an integral part of a modeling environment. Further research will offer additional insight into the development of social‐environmental models using stakeholder input and the use of such models to explore properties of complex dynamic systems. 相似文献
8.
Usability Issues in Applying Participatory Mapping for Neighborhood Infrastructure Planning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Trias Aditya 《Transactions in GIS》2010,14(Z1):119-147
Public participation is required in neighborhood infrastructure planning and problem‐solving. Although Participatory GIS methods are considered important to help urban community groups identify problems and express their needs and concerns, usable means to help groups produce their maps remain difficult to be realised. Further, an effective means to facilitate the integration of government spatial plans and participatory maps also remains unclear. This article addresses usability issues in participatory mapping activities by exploring group collaboration mechanics and accomplishing use assessments. The study aims at testing the usefulness and the impact of participatory mapping for community development. User studies including questionnaire surveys, interviews, group usability testing, scenario assessments, and the scaling‐up activity were executed. Transparent photomaps, Mobile GIS, and a Web map were implemented and assessed in the study area. A use scenario for community and official spatial data integration was also developed. The results of user studies show that the use of transparent photomaps is more effective to complete group tasks to discuss, draw, and annotate their infrastructure problems. For group participants, the transparent maps are more engaging, easy to learn, and more error tolerant than the use of Mobile GIS. A combination use of simple and advanced PGIS methods is necessary to be implemented to reach informed priority‐decision making. 相似文献
9.
A User‐centered Design for the Addition of Interactive Masking Capability within an existing Web GIS 
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下载免费PDF全文 John D. Morgan 《Transactions in GIS》2016,20(5):807-816
This article presents a case study of how a user‐centered design (UCD) approach was utilized during the addition of interactive masking capability to an existing web‐based geographic information system (Web GIS). By analyzing and discussing specific aspects of the user‐developer dialog within the context of a Web GIS software development life cycle, this article presents a case study for similar systems. The results of the UCD methodology is a discussion that presents a shift from an initial design to a new design that, based on user feedback, furthers the utility and usability of interactive masking within the Web GIS. 相似文献
10.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):153-156
AbstractThere is currently a high demand for spatial data usage within web applications. From a technical viewpoint, web services and geoportals aim to fulfil user requirements; however, the current cartographic methods do not satisfy the needs of the end users. The problem is more challenging when the final map contains data from various sources that have various cartographic characteristics; therefore, the vital information might be located under the base map layer. In this paper, we propose the concept of layer priorities as foreground, middle ground or background, and we propose the two following methods to enhance the symbolisation: polygon overlay and colour saturation methods. The results from two case studies show that these methods can satisfy the requirements of the end users. 相似文献
11.
Many research projects in public‐participation geographic information systems focused on the development of software prototypes that were conceptualized to complement traditional forms of public participation. Given the challenges introduced by the heterogeneity of their user base, system design, and decision making process, empirical evaluations of such systems based on actual use have been scarce. This article reports on a rigorous empirical assessment of human‐computer interaction of users of a web‐based system for participatory transportation planning. We devised three groups of participants with below‐average, average, and above‐average interaction duration through hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, the characteristics of the clusters were subjected to logistic regression analysis to determine the significance and strength of statistical associations between duration of interaction and a host of individual‐level variables. Our results indicate a statistically significant reduction of the odds‐ratio for participants with above‐average duration of interaction in the case of no prior experience with online transportation discussions. No significant associations were found between overall duration of interaction and sociodemographic background, cognitive decision‐making style, and travel behavior. We advocate for the development of adaptable participatory systems which accommodate flexibility in terms of both the user interface and pathways of the decision making process. 相似文献
12.
Dark maps, which are also called dark modes or dark themes, have gained popularity, but their usability has not been experimentally evaluated. This article presents a user experiment that uses eye-tracking to assess the usability of dark and light maps. Here, two widely used web maps, Google Maps and Gaode Maps, are selected at the street and city scales. Eight map-use tasks are designed and cover four operations (identify, compare, rank, and associate) with space-alone and attributes-in-space distinctions. Four pairs of map-use tasks (light-during-the-day, dark-during-the-day, dark-at-night, and light-at-night) are examined from three aspects: effectiveness, efficiency, and cognitive load. The results provide preliminary evidence that the light-during-the-day performance is generally the best in most cases, followed by the dark-at-night performance; the dark-during-the-day performance is the worst in all cases, followed by the light-at-night performance, which suggests that aligning the map design with the environment (i.e., lighting environment) is critical for better communication. The light-during-the-day performance is the best for space-alone tasks, and the dark-at-night performance is the best for attributes-in-space tasks. Our investigation also indicates that dark maps are far less favored in practice, which suggests that users' preference for using the dark mode of public-facing web maps needs to be shaped. Since light and dark maps are associated with photopic and scotopic vision, respectively, the results indicate the need for future studies on how to leverage scotopic vision to design better dark maps. 相似文献
13.
针对多媒体电子地图集界面设计中可用性方面存在的主要问题,引入了可用性理论对多媒体电子地图集界面设计问题进行了分析研究。在研究中首先介绍了可用性及其在电子地图领域中的应用情况,分析了影响多媒体电子地图集界面设计的因素,然后运用可用性实验的方法找出了多媒体电子地图集在界面布局、色彩设计和工具图标方面出现的主要问题,最后提出了相应的设计原则。本研究为多媒体电子地图集界面设计提供了理论参考依据。 相似文献
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15.
电子地图导航技术框架研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
导航技术在用户使用电子地图中起着重要的引导作用,本文在拓宽地图学和地理信息工程领域中将电子地图导航技术分为了6类:显示设备、信息重构、缩放+漫游、概览+细节、焦点+上下文和基于提示的对象可视化技术,并构建了电子地图导航技术框架研究的漏斗模型,并对框架中的地理任务分类、导航技术分类、导航技术理论、可用性研究和评估方法以及最后方案的复用5个方面进行了阐述,并提出了初步的解决方案。 相似文献
16.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):250-257
This paper reviews the recent development of web cartography based on Plewe's 2007 short paper in the U.S. National Report to the ICA, titled Web Cartography in the United States. By identifying major changes and recent research trends in web cartography, this paper provides an overview about what the web means to cartography, and suggests two major research directions for web cartography in the future: 1) the rise of user-centered design, including design of user interfaces, dynamic map content and mapping functions; 2) the release of the power of map-making to the public and amateur cartographers. I also present web cartography concepts in this paper to challenge the traditional research agenda in cartography. 相似文献
17.
随着计算机技术的不断进步,用户界面设计---有效的人机交互策略变得更加重要。地理信息系统的发展要求其系统软件的设计者与开发者设计开发出更加人性化的用户界面,以提高不同领域、不同层次软件使用者的满意度。 相似文献
18.
Gbor Farkas 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(1):72-84
Companies and individual developers have recently put serious effort into improving web mapping libraries. A significant front in this development is hardware‐accelerated vector graphics. Owing to those efforts, and the continuously evolving World Wide Web, users can visualize large vector layers, and even animate them. On the other hand, this rapid development cannot be observed with raster data. There are some data abstraction libraries for reading raster files, although web mapping libraries do not use them to offer raster capabilities. Since there are no mature raster management pipelines on the web, this study explores two inherently different techniques for handling raster data. One of them uses the traditional, texture‐based method. The other is a hybrid technique rendering raster layers as vectors, overcoming some limitations of the raster model. While the traditional technique gives a smooth user experience, the hybrid method shows promising results for rendering hexagonal coverages. 相似文献
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互联网的发展要求提供个性化的网络地图自动制图服务。文中运用Web Servers和专家知识库耦合技术研究面向需求的启发式网络地图自动制图原理和方法,该方法将不同用户的网络地图需求视为对地理空间信息一系列的启发式再识别过程,提取出相应的需求参数建立用户兴趣模型,并运用相关算法实现数据的加载以及对地理实体的符号化表示。实践表明,该系统实例可以改善互联网上面向用户需求的个性化网络地图自动制图服务。 相似文献
20.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):325-342
The paper reports on an experimental study aimed at assessing the usability of five different interactive tools for exploratory analysis of geographically referenced data implemented in CommonGIS. Usability was assessed in terms of tool learnability, memorability, and user satisfaction. The study provided valuable data concerning the usability of each individual tool; we also derived some conclusions relevant to geovisualization techniques in general. We found that users were, in principle, able to understand and adopt the new ideas of map interactivity and manipulability. However, these ideas needed to be appropriately introduced; people could hardly grasp them just from the appearance of the maps and controls. An introductory demonstration was sufficient to understand the purposes of the interactive tools, and a short training session enabled people to use them. The importance of educating users is a particular challenge for geovisualization tools that are intended to be accessed over the Internet. 相似文献