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In its current status, medical imaging involves a wide range of imaging modalities and is faced with a range of interesting research questions, while trying to automatically convert the huge floods of image data to useful information. The major characteristic of the developed techniques is the exploitation of visual similarities or differences; that is basically qualitative treatment of the information inherent in the images. This proves to be a major shortcoming, leading to erroneous or unreliable results in many cases. To this end, technology transfer from the part of photogrammetry can be proven very beneficial. Such a contribution can be geared by the fact that photogrammetry has developed efficient tools for accounting for imaging formation geometry. These tools, appropriately tuned for medical applications, can accelerate the technology transfer across the involved disciplines. Understanding the possible photogrammetric contributions by the medical imaging experts, and realizing the medical problems in photogrammetric terms by the photogrammetrists, remains a major barrier to this transfer. The intended scope of this paper is to provide a foundation for exchange of ideas and provoke photogrammetric research interest in these issues. 相似文献
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随着虚拟现实(VR)技术的兴起,全景图像得到了更为广泛的应用,目前多通过求解单应矩阵对图像进行变换,由多相机拼接获取全景图像,但该方法会破坏成像中的共线条件,使拼接后的全景图像难以精确进行摄影测量中的三维重建等工作。本文提出了一种柱面全景图像拼接方法并对其进行仿真分析,该方法基于摄影测量共线方程,设定拼接相机的数目、成像焦距、成像位置和成像姿态,模拟多拼相机的成图过程,构建从三维点云到二维图像的柱面成像方程,通过成像方程不仅可以实现各图像的全景拼接,而且可对影响全景图像拼接精度的各参数进行定量分析,试验结果表明:1本文提出的柱面成像方程和全景拼接方法可用于不同数目相机及倾斜成像下的全景拼接;2利用成像方程推导的误差方程可知,全景图像拼接的精度受焦距误差、中心误差和旋角误差的影响,其中,焦距误差可通过图像重采样的方法校正,中心误差与摄影物距密切相关,而旋角误差主要受拼接相机数目的影响。 相似文献
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基于粗糙集和遗传算法的超光谱波段集合整体缩减 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出一种对高光谱遥感影像波段集合进行整体缩减的方法。该方法首先根据模糊集和粗糙集理论,对原光谱波段集会进行近似等价波段区间的自动划分。对于每个近似等价波段区间,在考虑其他区间合成影像数据影响的情况下,利用遗传算法进行合成权系数的优化。实验表明,整体迭代线性合成方法不仅具有较高的计算效率,而且可以获得比独立线性合成方法明显优化的结果。 相似文献
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Urban area building extraction is one of the most challenging problems in photogrammetry. Well-extracted buildings are needed for a variety of applications, such as cartography, building GIS databases for cities, and urban planning. This paper presents a new technique to extract 3D building wire-frames using a robust multi-image line-matching algorithm. Although one pair of images is adequate to find the 3D position of two visibly corresponding image features, it is not sufficient to solve the general building extraction problem due to obscured parts in the building. Four images are used in this research to extract the building wire-frames. First the images are segmented into regions. Regions are then classified into roof regions and non-roof regions based on their size, shape, and intensity values. The roof region boundary pixels are located and used to find the region perimeters. Region correspondence is solved in a pair-wise mode over all images using the epipolar constraint, region size, region shape, and region intensity values. Image lines within the corresponding regions are matched over all images simultaneously by first creating a plane for each region line. Planes are then intersected simultaneously and geometric consistency is used to determine acceptance or rejection. Results with high overlap and sidelap aerial images are presented and evaluated. The results show the completeness and accuracy that this method can provide for extracting complex urban buildings. The average coordinate accuracy is about 0·8 m using 1:4000 scale aerial photographs scanned at 30 μ m. Six buildings were examined; the line detection rate is 98%. 相似文献
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随着星载面阵CMOS探测器的广泛使用,使得获取超时相数据成为可能,这为新型对地遥感工作模式带来新的发展机遇。本文不再局限于采用单一技术解决单一技术指标的传统解决问题的方式,系统性地提出一种面向星载面阵CMOS相机的新型成像方式,利用面阵CMOS相机连续快速曝光在极短的时间内获取同一观测区域的超时相序列数据,通过图像重建的方式,实现一揽子的图像质量提升,即同时实现虚拟数字时间延迟积分TDI（Time Delay Integration）、调制传输函数MTF（Modulation Transfer Function）补偿和空间分辨率GSD（Ground Sampling Distance）提升。这种新型成像方式的优点是,可以改善星载光学相机是探测器受限系统的窘境,进而在不改变光学系统的情况下,通过求解一个病态方程,实现对地遥感图像空间分辨率与成像质量的综合提升。基于实验室的靶标仿真实验数据、基于低轨光学遥感卫星OVS-1A、吉林一号视频03卫星和高分四号卫星的真实数据实验结果表明,无论是信噪比,图像清晰度还是空间分辨率都有明显提升。这种新型成像方式已被中国后续某地球同步轨道光学成像卫星所采用,可以预见的是,这种成像方式不仅可以使得在轨卫星发布更高分辨率与更好图像质量的产品,盘活在轨卫星的探测资源;在实现同样空间分辨率与图像质量的前提下,可以有效降低光学相机载荷的体积与重量,进而可以有效降低未来光学卫星的研制成本。 相似文献
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Automatic change detection and geo-database updating in the urban environment are difficult tasks. There has been much research on detecting changes with satellite and aerial images, but studies have rarely been performed at the street level, which is complex in its 3D geometry. Contemporary geo-databases include 3D street-level objects, which demand frequent data updating. Terrestrial images provides rich texture information for change detection, but the change detection with terrestrial images from different epochs sometimes faces problems with illumination changes, perspective distortions and unreliable 3D geometry caused by the lack of performance of automatic image matchers, while mobile laser scanning (MLS) data acquired from different epochs provides accurate 3D geometry for change detection, but is very expensive for periodical acquisition. This paper proposes a new method for change detection at street level by using combination of MLS point clouds and terrestrial images: the accurate but expensive MLS data acquired from an early epoch serves as the reference, and terrestrial images or photogrammetric images captured from an image-based mobile mapping system (MMS) at a later epoch are used to detect the geometrical changes between different epochs. The method will automatically mark the possible changes in each view, which provides a cost-efficient method for frequent data updating. The methodology is divided into several steps. In the first step, the point clouds are recorded by the MLS system and processed, with data cleaned and classified by semi-automatic means. In the second step, terrestrial images or mobile mapping images at a later epoch are taken and registered to the point cloud, and then point clouds are projected on each image by a weighted window based z-buffering method for view dependent 2D triangulation. In the next step, stereo pairs of the terrestrial images are rectified and re-projected between each other to check the geometrical consistency between point clouds and stereo images. Finally, an over-segmentation based graph cut optimization is carried out, taking into account the color, depth and class information to compute the changed area in the image space. The proposed method is invariant to light changes, robust to small co-registration errors between images and point clouds, and can be applied straightforwardly to 3D polyhedral models. This method can be used for 3D street data updating, city infrastructure management and damage monitoring in complex urban scenes. 相似文献
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星载SAR成像与SAR图像中一些不确定性因素分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
SAR成像中的不确定性因素不仅影响SAR成像质量,还给SAR图像的解译与应用带来困难。为了改善这些不确定性,从SAR成像的原理和过程出发,深入分析和探讨星载SAR成像与SAR图像中的多普勒参数估计、距离迁徙、斑点噪声和后向散射系数所产生的不确定性及带来的影响,并对部分不确定性提出相应的改善方法。利用实测ERS-2数据进行成像实验,实验结果显示SAR成像中的不确定性可以尽量得到改善,这对进一步研究SAR成像和应用有着实际意义。 相似文献
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《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):321-337
The launch of the Very High Resolution (VHR) sensor satellites has paved the way for further exploitation of the capabilities of satellite stereo imaging for many applications. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the level of accuracy that can be achieved by using stereo satellite images for different applications involving significantly different types of terrain. Three mathematical models for satellite sensor modeling are used: Rational Function Model (RFM), 3D polynomial model, and 3D affine model. Three stereo pairs of image datasets are tested from different satellites for different areas: (a) Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)-1D stereo images for topographic mapping and digital terrain elevation modeling for an area in Egypt; (b) IKONOS stereo images for highway alignments extraction in Toronto, Canada; and (c) IKONOS stereo images for topographic mapping and geometric parameter extraction for highway alignments in Hong Kong, China. The accuracy was evaluated by comparing the results of the data extracted using stereo satellite images and those extracted from conventional techniques, including Global Positioning System, field measurements, and aerial photogrammetry. The accuracy of the extracted features was found to be within a pixel-level. The results of this paper should be of interest to professionals from different disciplines exploring the use and accuracy of satellite stereo images for topographic and transportation applications. 相似文献
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A comparison of dense matching algorithms for scaled surface reconstruction using stereo camera rigs
Photogrammetric methods for dense 3D surface reconstruction are increasingly available to both professional and amateur users who have requirements that span a wide variety of applications. One of the key concerns in choosing an appropriate method is to understand the achievable accuracy and how choices made within the workflow can alter that outcome. In this paper we consider accuracy in two components: the ability to generate a correctly scaled 3D model; and the ability to automatically deliver a high quality data set that provides good agreement to a reference surface. The determination of scale information is particularly important, since a network of images usually only provides angle measurements and thus leads to unscaled geometry. A solution is the introduction of known distances in object space, such as base lines between camera stations or distances between control points. In order to avoid using known object distances, the method presented in this paper exploits a calibrated stereo camera utilizing the calibrated base line information from the camera pair as an observational based geometric constraint. The method provides distance information throughout the object volume by orbiting the object.In order to test the performance of this approach, four topical surface matching methods have been investigated to determine their ability to produce accurate, dense point clouds. The methods include two versions of Semi-Global Matching as well as MicMac and Patch-based Multi-View Stereo (PMVS). These methods are implemented on a set of stereo images captured from four carefully selected objects by using (1) an off-the-shelf low cost 3D camera and (2) a pair of Nikon D700 DSLR cameras rigidly mounted in close proximity to each other. Inter-comparisons demonstrate the subtle differences between each of these permutations. The point clouds are also compared to a dataset obtained with a Nikon MMD laser scanner. Finally, the established process of achieving accurate point clouds from images and known object space distances are compared with the presented strategies.Results from the matching demonstrate that if a good imaging network is provided, using a stereo camera and bundle adjustment with geometric constraints can effectively resolve the scale. Among the strategies for dense 3D reconstruction, using the presented method for solving the scale problem and PMVS on the images captured with two DSLR cameras resulted in a dense point cloud as accurate as the Nikon laser scanner dataset. 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种基于轮廓纹理分解的三维谱象数据压缩方法。根据成象光谱仪三维谱象数据的特点，首先用轮廓纹理方法将其中二维单色图象分解成一系列轮廓及其包围的纹理。由于成象光谱仪三维谱象数据是同一地面景物沿波长方向展开的一叠单色图象，同一地面景物反映在不同波长的单色图的轮廓相同，但纹理不同。只需对其中某一单色图的轮廓编码即可。而各单色图因波长变化而引起的纹理变化只需对相应的多项式系数编码即可。采用本文的方法对用我国自行研制的６４波段航空机载成象光谱仪在澳大利亚达尔文地区试飞获得的三维谱象数据实验，当纹理系数用零阶多项式表示时可获得３７９：１的压缩比。 相似文献
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提出了基于DEM的单张倾斜航片快速量测方法。该方法根据影像与建筑物之间的位置、姿态等特征，推导出单张影像量测数学模型及计算公式，并选择试验区域对本文算法的精度进行验证。试验结果表明，研究区内平面点位误差小于0.13 m，建构筑物每层的垂直误差约为0.11 m，能够满足城市规划与管理的应用需求，可为城市三维数据获取提供经验和借鉴。 相似文献
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João Fernando C. da Silva Paulo de Oliveira Camargo Rodrigo B. A. Gallis 《The Photogrammetric Record》2003,18(101):5-26
This paper presents the prototype of a low-cost terrestrial mobile mapping system (MMS) composed of a van, two digital video cameras, two GPS receivers, a notebook computer, and a sound frame synchronisation system. The imaging sensors are mounted as a stereo video camera on top of the vehicle together with the GPS antennae. The GPS receivers and the notebook computer are configured to record data referred to the vehicle position at a planned time interval. This position is subsequently transferred to the road images. This set of equipment and methods provide the opportunity to merge distinct techniques to make topographic maps and also to build georeferenced road image databases. Both vector maps and raster image databases, when integrated appropriately, can give spatial researchers and engineers a new technique whose application may realise better planning and analysis related to the road environment. The experimental results proved that the MMS developed at the São Paulo State University is an effective approach to inspecting road pavements, to map road marks and traffic signs, electric power poles, telephone booths, drain pipes, and many other applications important to people's safety and welfare. A small number of road images have already been captured by the prototype as a consequence of its application in distinct projects. An efficient organisation of those images and the prompt access to them justify the need for building a georeferenced image database. By expanding it, both at the hardware and software levels, it is possible for engineers to analyse the entire road environment on their office computers. 相似文献
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在分析合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）成象机理及雪盖参数散射特性的基础上，利用航天飞机承载的成象雷达（ＳＩＲ—Ｃ）获取的多波段、多极化ＳＡＲ数据，进行提取雪盖信息的实验。结果表明Ｃ波段ＨＨ、ＶＶ影象能很好地区别湿雪与非雪盖区，而区分干雪与岩石较困难；Ｌ波段ＨＨ、ＶＶ影象较容易将雪盖同其它物体区分开；Ｃ、Ｌ波段的交叉极化ＨＶ、ＶＨ区分干雪与岩石效果很好。故利用多波段、多极化ＳＡＲ进行雪盖制图是可行的。 相似文献
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PRISMS (Portable Remote Imaging System for Multispectral Scanning) is designed for in situ, simultaneous high resolution spectral and 3D topographic imaging of wall paintings and other large surfaces. In particular, it can image at transverse resolutions of tens of microns remotely from distances of tens of metres, making high resolution imaging possible from a fixed position on the ground for areas at heights that is difficult to access. The spectral imaging system is fully automated giving 3D topographic mapping at millimetre accuracy as a by-product of the image focusing process. PRISMS is the first imaging device capable of both 3D mapping and spectral imaging simultaneously without additional distance measuring devices. Examples from applications of PRISMS to wall paintings at a UNESCO site in the Gobi desert are presented to demonstrate the potential of the instrument for large scale 3D spectral imaging, revealing faded writing and material identification. 相似文献