共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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利用南大洋2009—2020年的Argo浮标温盐剖面数据,通过绘制温度和盐度空间分布图的定性分析以及三维聚类可视化分析等方法,揭示了南大洋印度洋扇区的多水团空间分布特征.结果表明,在60°S～67°S,60°E～80°E之间的海域,海水温度在-1.9～2.5℃之间,盐度在32～34.75 psu之间.整个研究区域海水温... 相似文献
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二元变量的体可视化是探索多维多变量复杂空间可视化的基础。基于体绘制技术原理,将两种不同变量分别映射为颜色和不透明度。为避免颜色和不透明度相互影响,提出一种借助纹理采样的不透明度映射方法。该方法可同时直观地反映两种变量的空间分布特征及其相互关系。采用多个海域的温盐数据进行实验分析,结果表明该方法较好地展示了这些海域温盐的整体分布特征和相互关系,为二元变量的体可视化探索提供了支持。 相似文献
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随着卫星遥感技术的发展，越来越多的卫星观测数据被应用于预测海洋内部温盐结构信息，而如何有效提高海洋内部温盐信息的预测精度仍是一个挑战。本文应用LightGBM算法结合随机森林算法构建全球海洋次表层（0—1000 m）温度异常（STA）与盐度异常（SSA）的预测模型，模型使用海表卫星观测数据（海表高度异常（SSHA）、海表温度异常（SSTA）、海表盐度异常（SSSA）和海表风场异常水平和垂直分量（USSWA、VSSWA），结合经纬度信息（LON、LAT）作为预测变量，使用Argo次表层温盐数据作为模型训练与测试标记。本文使用五参数模型（SSTA、SSHA、SSSA、USSWA、VSSWA）、带纬度六参数模型（LAT、SSTA、SSHA、SSSA、USSWA、VSSWA）、带经度六参数模型（LON、SSTA、SSHA、SSSA、USSWA、VSSWA）与带经纬度七参数模型（LON、LAT、SSTA、SSHA、SSSA、USSWA、VSSWA）来着重分析LON与LAT在STA、SSA遥感预测中发挥的作用。结果表明LON与LAT在STA、SSA各自预测中发挥不同的作用。在单时相和时序预测STA中LON与LAT对模型的贡献随着深度的增加逐渐增大，而在单时相和时序预测SSA中LON与LAT对不同深度预测模型始终保持较大的贡献。在单时相预测STA与SSA中LON较LAT对模型贡献更大，而在时序预测STA与SSA中LAT较LON对模型贡献更大。经纬度信息是全球海洋次表层温盐机器学习预测的重要参数，可以提高模型的预测精度。同时，LightGBM较随机森林在预测海洋次表层温盐异常时精度更高鲁棒性更强。 相似文献
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首先利用重力恢复与气候实验（gravity recovery and climate experiment,GRACE）卫星重力、卫星测高和海洋温盐数据分析了2003-2012年间南海海水质量的变化特征,进而结合海洋和气象资料探讨了厄尔尼诺和南方涛动（El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO）、净淡水通量、海水体积输送和陆地径流在此期间对南中国海海水质量变化的影响。研究结果表明,南海海水质量变化主要受海面净淡水通量和海水体积输送的联合调制影响,周边陆地径流对其影响有限。南海海水质量季节性变化显著,且具有明显的长期增加趋势;ENSO通过改变降水和黑潮自吕宋海峡流入南海的水量影响南海海水质量,使得南海海水质量存在着显著的具有ENSO特征的年际变化。 相似文献
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海水盐度是研究大洋环流和全球气候变化的重要参数,L波段(1400-1427MHz)微波辐射计是进行海水盐度遥感的最有效工具.在该频段内,微波辐射亮度温度对海水盐度变化的灵敏度为0.5K/psu,而用于海洋研究的盐度分辨率为0.1-0.2psu,要求微波辐射计的灵敏度优于0.1K.高灵敏度机载L波段微波辐射计,应用数字增益波动自动补偿和温度补偿技术,保证了系统的稳定性,并采用高效的滤波技术有效地抑制了全球定位信号(GPS)对接收机的干扰,灵敏度达到0.08K.进行了多次航空和海上对比遥感试验,获得了分辨率优于0.2psu、误差精度0.42psu的测量结果. 相似文献
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中国东海叶绿素浓度变化分析及其海水温度响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋叶绿素浓度时空格局分析及与海水温度的响应研究对于海洋资源的开发和保护及赤潮的预防具有重要意义。本文基于2004—2018年东海叶绿素浓度和海水温度数据运用趋势分析及ArcGIS10.2软件，对东海叶绿素浓度作了时空分析研究，并结合海水温度进行了回归分析，以探究叶绿素对海水温度变化的响应机制。结果表明：①东海叶绿素浓度在2004—2018年间没有明显的年际变化特征。年内则随时间上下波动，冬季为波峰，夏季为波谷。离海岸带越近，叶绿素浓度越高。②东海海域海水温度在年际尺度上呈波动式起伏变化。在季节尺度上夏秋两季温度较高，春季次之，冬季最低。从沿海到外海海域海温逐渐升高。③就空间相关性而言，东海海域叶绿素浓度与海水温度整体呈负相关，在不同海域相关程度不同。长江口和外海区域叶绿素浓度与海水温度具有很强的相关性；在沿海区域，由于受到城市环境、经济发展及人类生产生活的影响，海水温度与叶绿素浓度的相关性不明显。 相似文献
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选取2016-02-08的CBERS-04热红外数据,采用普适性单通道温度反演算法对田湾核电站附近海域的海水温度进行反演。将CBERS-04星反演结果与同时过境的MODIS温度反演结果及相似条件下的Landsat-8和HJ-1B温度反演结果进行对比分析。依据温度反演结果,分析了海温空间分布特征,探讨核电站对周围海域海水温度的影响。研究结果表明,CBERS-04星热红外数据与同时过境的MODIS数据反演得到的海表温度空间分布一致,线性相关性显著;MODIS数据因空间分辨率小,无法对核电周边海域进行有效监测;CBERS-04星可监测核电周边9个级别的热影响区,与相似潮汐状态和气象条件下的Landsat-8和HJ-1B具有相似的热影响级别、规模和空间分布特征,满足核电温排水的监测需求。 相似文献
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海岸带作为海洋、陆地和大气共同作用的地带，其地物混杂度大，变化频繁，单纯利用光谱特征分类难以取得理想的精度。
但海岸带地物滨临水体，而水体与地物存在巨大光谱差异，易于识别。据此，本文尝试提出一种简单的加入空间关系的遥感图像分类
方法，即，先准确识别出海水类，然后统计非海水类的每一个像元到最近海水的空间距离。由于不同的海岸带地类距离海水的空间距
离有其自身的特点，因此，利用这一距离信息辅助分类能提高分类精度，尤其是针对那些光谱特征相近而距离相差较大的地类。 相似文献
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Salinity and fresh water are two sides of the same coin, most conveniently measured by electrical conductivity; they can now be mapped rapidly in three dimensions using airborne electromagnetics (AEM). Recent developments in the calibration of airborne data against in-field measurements and additional information from radiometrics, magnetics and digital elevation models lend new insights into salinity, groundwater flow systems and water resources. Freshwater resources can be mapped, and salinity risk and the outcome of management interventions may be forecast, on the basis of the specific architecture of complete groundwater flow systems-enabling practical, cost-effective protection and development of water resources. 相似文献
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Charles Otunga John Odindi Onisimo Mutanga Clement Adjorlolo Jacobus Botha 《国际地球制图》2018,33(5):489-504
The spatial distribution of different C3 and C4 grass species in tropical montane areas is commonly influenced by a number of factors that include site-specific topography. Hence, the distribution of these grasses across topographic gradients can vary significantly. In this study, we investigate the influence of topographic factors (elevation, slope and aspect) on the spatial distribution of Festuca grass species in a commonage area, comprising agro-biodiversity conservation land use. Integration of the topographic variables using GIS and binary logistic regression (LR) modelling showed that C3, Festuca grass species distribution can be predicted or mapped with an accuracy of 80% in the landscape under study. The study contributes to understanding the spatial distribution of C3 grass species and provides valuable information for designing and optimizing rangeland conservation in the subtropical montane landscapes. 相似文献
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Melanie Brandmeier 《国际地球制图》2013,28(8):629-648
A combined approach to detect hydrothermal alteration zones and their mineral distribution is proposed for a relatively remote area around the Carhuarazo volcanic complex in southern Peru encompassing 2222 km2. In this region, tertiary volcanic structures associated with hydrothermal alteration are well known to host epithermal ore deposits. We make an attempt to detect and to quantify alteration minerals based on spectral analysis using ASTER reflectance data product provided by LP-DAAC. Besides commonly used ratio images, mineral indices (MI) and relative band depth images (RBD), we also extracted endmember spectra using Pixel-Purity-Processing preceded by minimum noise fraction transformation. These spectra are thought to represent the spectrally purest pixel of the image and show the typical absorption features of the main constituents. Based on this assumption, we used different spectral analysis methods in order to extract the most important alteration minerals for such an environment. These minerals were then used for matched filter processing in areas showing high values in MIs and RBDs. Using this method, we detected and mapped argillic alteration and variations in the distribution of important minerals like alunite, kaolinite or nacrite. There were no indications for the presence of propilitization at ASTER spatial resolutions. Our method can be applied easily to any ASTER scene and provides information about the intensity of alteration and the character of alteration zones. The intensity is highest in the centre of the Carhuarazo volcanic complex and is mostly argillic with a high content of alunite, dickite and other clay minerals. 相似文献
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针对Delaunay三角网空间聚类存在的不足,提出一种顾及属性空间分布不均的空间聚类方法。首先将Delaunay三角网空间位置聚类作为约束条件,采用广度优先搜索方法,以局部参数"属性变化率"作为阈值识别非空间属性相似簇的聚类过程。以城市商业中心为例,验证了该方法能够更客观地识别非空间属性相似的簇,且自适应属性阈值可以满足不同聚类需求,为城市商业中心等空间实体的提取提供了一种有效方法。 相似文献
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《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2006,3(4):467-470
The vast and complex oceans that are optically opaque are acoustically transparent, enabling characterization of physical and biological bodies and processes of sea using sound as a premier tool. Lack of direct observations of vertical profiles of velocimeters and/or temperature and salinity, from which sound speed can be calculated, limits specifications and investigation of temporal and spatial variabilities of the three-dimensional structure of the sound speed in the oceans. In this study, the authors demonstrate estimation of sound speed profiles (SSPs) from surface observations using an artificial neural network (ANN) method. Surface observations from a mooring in the central Arabian Sea are used as a proxy to the satellite observations. The ANN-estimated SSPs had a root-mean-square error of 1.16 m/s and a coefficient of determination of 0.98. About 76% (93%) of the estimates lie within plusmn1 m/s (plusmn2 m/s) of the SSPs obtained from in situ temperature and salinity profiles 相似文献
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Carlos Muñoz-Robles Paul FrazierMatthew Tighe Nick ReidSue V. Briggs Brian Wilson 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2012,14(1):94-102
The amount and distribution of vegetation and ground cover are important factors that influence resource transfer (e.g. runoff, sediment) in patterned semi-arid landscapes. Identifying and describing these features in detail is an essential part of measuring and understanding ecohydrological processes at hillslope scales that can then be applied at broader scales. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive methodology to map ground cover using high resolution Quickbird imagery in woody and non-woody (pasture) vegetation. The specific goals were to: (1) investigate the use of several techniques of image fusion, namely principal components analysis (PCA), Brovey transform, modified intensity-hue-saturation (MIHS) and wavelet transform to increase the spatial detail of multispectral Quickbird data; (2) evaluate the performance of the red and near-infra-red bands (NIR), the difference vegetation index (DVI), and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) in estimating ground cover, and (3) map and assess spatial and temporal changes in ground cover at hillslope scale using the most appropriate method or combination of methods. Estimates of ground cover from the imagery were compared with a subset of observed ground cover estimates to determine map accuracy. The MIHS algorithm produced images that best preserved spectral and spatial integrity, while the red band fused with the panchromatic band produced the most accurate ground cover maps. The patch size of the ground cover beneath canopies was similar to canopy size, and percent ground cover (mainly litter) increased with canopy size. Ground cover was mapped with relative accuracies of 84% in the woody vegetation and 86% in the pasture. From 2008 to 2009, ground cover increased from 55% to 65% in the woody vegetation and from 40% to 45% in the pasture. These ground cover maps can be used to explore the spatial ecohydrological interactions between areas of different ground cover at hillslope scale with application to management at broader scales. 相似文献
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Application of MK-PRISM for interpolation of wind speed and comparison with co-kriging in South Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jongchul Park 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(4):421-443
The spatial distribution of wind speed is important information required to understand climate-related regional phenomena. This paper presents the Modified Korean Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (MK-PRISM) as a method for spatial interpolation of monthly wind speeds. A database of gridded monthly mean wind speeds with a spatial resolution of 1 km for the period of March 2011–February 2014 is constructed by MK-PRISM. Wind speed observation data collected from the 529 to 641 meteorological stations in South Korea were utilized as the input data for interpolation. The wind speed distribution estimated by co-kriging is used for comparison with the MK-PRISM results. Research demonstrates that the efficiency difference between the two models, MK-PRISM and co-kriging, is insignificant. The Kling and Gupta efficiencies of both models were 0.68-0.78 and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 0.44-0.68 m/s. The spatial distribution of wind speeds, however, differs between MK-PRISM and co-kriging, which can be considered a reflection of the influence of topographic features such as terrain convexity, aspect, and coastal proximity. MK-PRISM can perform more appropriately to represent the phenomena where similar wind speeds appear continuously along ridges and coastlines. This suggests that a knowledge-based approach that considers topographic features can be successfully applied to the interpolation of monthly or seasonal wind speeds, similar to temperature and precipitation. The wind speed distribution generated by MK-PRISM can be utilized as important data for different geographical studies. 相似文献
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Classical multivariate analyses are based on matrix algebra and enable the analysis of a table containing measurements of a set of variables for a set of sites. Incomplete mapped data consist of measurements of a set of variables recorded for the same geographical region but for different zonal systems and with only a partial sampling of this zone. This kind of data cannot be analysed with usual multivariate methods because there is no common system of sites for all variables. We propose a new approach using GIS technology and NIPALS, an iterative multivariate method, to analyse the spatial patterns of this kind of data. Moreover, an extension of our method is that it can be used for areal interpolation purposes. We illustrate the method in analysing data concerning the distribution of roe deer weights over several years in a reserve. 相似文献
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Public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) are an increasingly important tool for collecting spatial information about the social attributes of place. The availability of Internet‐based options for implementing PPGIS presents new opportunities for increased efficiency and new modes of access. Here we used a mixed‐mode approach to evaluate paper versus Internet mapping methods for the same PPGIS survey in Wyoming. We compared participant characteristics, mapping participation, and the spatial distribution of mapped attributes between participants who responded to the paper versus Internet option. The response rate for those who completed the paper version of the survey was nearly 2.5 times the response rate of the Internet version. Paper participants also mapped significantly more places than did Internet participants (43 vs. 18). Internet participants tended to be younger, more likely to have a college degree, and had lived in the region for less time than paper participants. For all but one attribute there was no difference in the spatial distribution of places mapped between Internet and paper methods. Using a paper‐based PPGIS survey resulted in a higher response rate, reduced participant bias, and greater mapping participation. However, survey mode did not influence the spatial distribution of the PPGIS data. 相似文献