共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 104 毫秒
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本文重点介绍武陵源砂岩峰林地貌景观、岩溶地貌景观等旅游资源和地质构造背景的遥感影像特征及遥感解译,通过解译对武陵源旅游资源有了更全面了解,为该区旅游资源开发提供了大量有用信息。 相似文献
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《国土资源遥感》2016,(3)
地貌限制土地利用形式,土地利用类型又影响着地貌的形成与演化,基于以上关系提出一种辅以地貌类型的面向对象土地利用信息提取方法。以喀斯特地貌类型分布多样的安顺市为例,选取2010年的TM影像作为基本的数据源。首先,根据不同喀斯特地貌组合的尺度响应特征对试验区影像进行多尺度分割;进而利用数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据以及衍生的坡度、地形起伏度和地表切割深度等特征,建立隶属度函数提取喀斯特地貌信息;最后,以地貌类型为基本分类单元,根据不同地貌类型的土地利用特点,采用面向对象的分类方法对土地利用信息进行提取。结果表明:面向对象的分类方法可以对喀斯特地貌类型进行自动提取,试验区地貌类型主要以峰丛谷地、峰丛洼地为主,峰林溶源与峰林盆地分布较少。土地利用类型以灌木与旱地为主,分别占总面积的25.58%和20.74%,土地利用信息提取总体精度达到87.35%。 相似文献
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本文主要探讨了与压实褶皱有关的一类隐蔽油气藏的TM图像解译原理。根据压实褶皱的成因机制,对其盖层应力分布状况及其在后期构造运动中的受力变动情况进行了分析,提出与压实褶皱同时伴生的还有一系列特殊的裂隙型式,它们不仅为油气的储集提供了空间,而且在空间上还组成了特殊的组合型式(图像上呈现一定的图案),它们经过后期的风化剥蚀后可呈现出典型地貌特征。利用TM图像具有多波段、适中分辨率的优势可以在图像上对这些特殊的裂隙型式进行识别,从而可直接在图像上解译出埋丘、礁体、碎屑灰岩体、较纯的砂岩体、盐丘等形式的隐蔽油气构造。为进行油气勘探的靶区预测提供了一种更为迅速经济的手段。 相似文献
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本文主要探讨了与压实褶皱有关的一类隐蔽油气藏的ＴＭ图像解译原理。根据压实褶皱的成因机制，对其盖层应力分布状况及其在后期构造运动中的受力变动情况进行了分析，提出与压实褶皱同时伴生的还有一系列特殊的裂隙型式，它们不仅为油气的储集提供了空间，而且在空间上还组成了特殊的组合型式（图像上呈现一定的图案），它们经过后期的风化剥蚀后可呈现出典型地貌特征。利用ＴＭ图像具有多波段、适中分辨率的优势可以在图像上对这些特殊的裂隙型式进行识别，从而可直接在图像上解译出埋丘、礁体、碎屑灰岩体、较纯的砂岩体、盐丘等形式的隐蔽油气构造。为进行油气勘探的靶区预测提供了一种更为迅速经济的手段。 相似文献
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东亚濒太平洋地区的北东向、北北东向多字型构造,很早以前就被中外学者注意。19世纪70年代庞培勒首称北东向褶皱为震旦系褶皱。而系统研究并论述东亚构造的开拓者和先驱是李四光教授。1926年,他称北东向构造为“华夏式”,1939年又正式提出用“华夏系”代替华夏式,同时还提出了“古华夏系”和“新华夏系”的构造型式。60年代初,李四光教授在他的《地质力学概论》一书中,根据其形成时期、主体构造线方位,进一步划分为“华夏系”、“新华夏系”和“华夏式”三个多字型构造体系。本文提出的中朝反“歹(η)”字型构造即为该多字型构造之一,它分布… 相似文献
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玛河流域景观生态风险评价与时空分异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高雅 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(1):86-89
以玛纳斯河流域作为研究区,结合特殊的干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠系统(Mountain-Oasis-Desert System简称MODS),综合考虑遥感影像数据光谱信息和纹理特征,将研究区分为耕地、林地、草地、水体、裸地、居民地、工业用地和冰川/永久积雪等8个景观类型,利用FRAGSTATS软件计算景观指数,引入生态风险的指数,将研究区划为低、较低、中、较高、高生态风险区五级,评估其景观格局的生态风险时空变化特征。结果表明:1)1990—2015年间,玛纳斯河流域景观变化主要表现为耕地、建设用地的增加以及水体、冰川/永久积雪面积的缩减;2)玛纳斯河流域的景观生态风险等级空间分布具有明显的差异,较低风险区的面积变化较为明显,低、较低生态的风险区比重有所上升,除此以外,林、草地类型各生态风险的等级所占比重的起伏波动具有明显的差异。建议应当合理地利用土地资源,尽量保护林地、草地等景观脆弱行较低的原生景观类型,禁止为开垦耕地而破坏林地、草地;增加土地的利用效率,更要对高等、较高生态风险区加强监管。 相似文献
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Disturbance, man-made or natural, is an innate process of any landscape. Disturbance gradient analysis provides insight into
the disturbance status of forest which is useful for forest management. In the present study new landscape metrics are introduced
through FRAGSTATS 3.3 software for analyzing both anthropogenic and natural disturbance pattern of Daltonganj south forest
division of Jharkhand state. Various landscape indices were used for natural disturbance analysis. Anthropogenic disturbance
was measured as function of the proximity of landscape to roads and settlements. It was observed that the forests of the study
area are experiencing varied degrees of disturbances. The software in combination with ARC VIEW Spatial Analyst was found
to be a cost effective and user friendly landscape analysis tool. 相似文献
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G. Singh M. S. Sarkar A. Pandey S. Lingwal I. D. Rai B. S. Adhikari G. S. Rawat R. S. Rawal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(10):1625-1635
Effective quantification of land cover changes remains a challenge in Himalayan hills and mountains, and has a colossal value addition for natural resource management. Here we present a new robust method for classifying land cover vegetation at physiognomic scale along steep elevational gradients from ~?200 to ~?7000 masl in the Kailash Sacred Landscape, Western Himalaya, India along with four decades of land use and land cover changes (1976–2011) using remote sensing techniques coupled with intensive ground surveys. Results show that forest cover loss was minimum ca 7.14% of existing forest in 1976; but, however forest fragmentation is high especially in montane broad-leaved and subtropical needle leaved forests. This change largely impacted the quality of valuable tree species such as Quercus spp. Post 1976, continuous migration forced conversion of high altitude agricultural lands into grasslands and scrublands. Human settlement expansion was high especially in low altitudinal range valleys between 1000 and 2000 masl and has increased 6.76 fold since 1976, leading to high forest fragmentation in spite of reduced agriculture area in the landscape. Our physiognomic level classified land cover map will be a key for forest managers to prioritize conservation zones for protecting this unique forest land. 相似文献
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Stutee Gupta Arijit Roy Dhruval Bhavsar Rajkanti Kala Sarnam Singh A. Senthil Kumar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(6):945-955
The hills of Uttarakhand witness forest fire every year during the summer season and the number of these fire events is reported to have increased due to increased anthropogenic disturbances as well as changes in climate. These fires cause significant damage to the natural resources which can be mapped and monitored using satellite images by virtue of its synoptic coverage of the landscape and near real time monitoring. This study presents burnt area assessment caused by the fire episode of April 2016 to the forest vegetation. Digital classification of satellite images was done to extract the burnt area which was found to be 3774.14 km2, representing 15.28% of the total forest area of the state. It also gives an account of cumulative progression of forest fire in Uttarakhand using satellite images of three dates viz. 23rd, 27th May and 2nd June, 2016. Results were analyzed at district, administrative and forest division level using overlay analysis. Separate area statistics were given for different categories of biological richness, forest types and protected areas affected by forest fire. The burnt area assessment can be used in mitigation planning to prevent drastic ecological impacts of the forest fire on the landscape. 相似文献
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三峡库区土地利用格局变化的分形结构研究——以开县为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用分形理论建立了研究区土地利用/覆被镶嵌体的分形结构模型,对各种景观的分维值进行了计算,讨论了各种景观形态的复杂性和稳定性及三峡工程实施十年间其稳定性和复杂性的动态变化。结果表明:分维值是研究区域土地利用/覆被镶嵌体景观格局的一种综合性定量指标,通过对土地利用景观类型的分维值进行分析,可以获取其形态的复杂性、稳定性信息。1992年和2002年两个时期研究区土地利用景观类型斑块形态复杂性和稳定性由大到小的顺序均依次为:未利用地、草地、建设用地、灌木林、森林、水田、旱地。十年间研究区旱地、建设用地和未利用地斑块形态变得愈加不规则,草地、灌木林、森林和水田的斑块形状变得愈加规则;十年间研究区旱地、建设用地和未利用地的形态稳定性变弱,草地、森林、灌木林和水田的形态稳定性增强。 相似文献
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Landscape characterization gives an overall information on the status of Land Use and Land Cover(LULC),changes in its composition and the impact of natural and human influences operating at different spatial and temporal scales.This information can be used to monitor changes in natural forest resources and protected areas,delineate potential conservation areas and can serve in effective management of ecologically fragile landscapes.In the present study,geo-spatial tools were used to characterize the landscape of Sariska National Park and its surroundings.Satellite data was used to prepare LULC maps for 1989 and 2000,change detection analysis and computation of landscape metrics.Climatic data,field records and modeling tools were used to map the po-tential spread of two invasive species,Prosopis juliflora and Adhatoda vasica.The results show that the forest area increased from 1989 to 2000,indicating better management practices.Landscape metrics(PAFRAC,PLADJ and AI)also support this argument.Improvements in the degraded forest can further enhance this effect.The entire reserve however is suitable for the invasion of P.juliflora and A.vasica but is more pronounced in Boswellia serrata and Anogeissus pendula-Acacia catechu(open)forests.A detailed landscape characterization map can help forest managers to make important policy decisions concerning issues such as in-vasive species. 相似文献
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Forest conservation in human-dominated tropical landscapes ensures provision of major ecosystem services. However, conservation goals are threatened by growing demands for agricultural products. As the expansion of agricultural frontiers continues to exert increasing pressure on forest cover, it is crucial to provide indicators on forest vulnerability to improve our understanding of forest dynamics and prioritize management actions by local decision-makers. The purpose of this study is to develop a rigorous methodological framework to assess forest ecological vulnerability. We aim at evaluating the potential of remote sensing to characterize forest landscape dynamics in spatial and temporal dimensions. We present an innovative method that spatially integrates current landscape mosaic mapping with 45 years of landscape trajectories using Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery. We derive indicators of exposure to cropland expansion, sensitivity linked with forest degradation and fragmentation, and forest capacity to respond based on forest landscape composition in Di Linh district in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We map current forest-agricultural mosaics with high accuracy to assess landscape intensification (kappa index = 0.78). We also map the expansion of the agricultural frontier and highlighted heterogeneous agricultural encroachment on forested areas (kappa index = 0.72-0.93). Finally, we identify degradation and fragmentation trajectories that affect forest cover at different rates and intensity. Combined, these indicators pinpoint hotspots of forest vulnerability. This study provides tailored management responses and levers for action by local decision makers. The accessibility of multi-dimensional remote sensing data and the developed landscape approach open promising perspectives for continuously monitoring agricultural frontiers. 相似文献
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Inventories of temperate forests of Central Europe mainly rely on terrestrial measurements. Rapid alterations of forests by disturbances and multilayer silvicultural systems increasingly challenge the use of conventional plot based inventories, particularly in protected areas. Airborne LiDAR offers an alternative or supplement to conventional inventories, but despite the possibility of obtaining such remote sensing data, its operational use for broader areas in Central Europe remains experimental. We evaluated two methods of forest inventory that use LiDAR data at the landscape level: the single tree segment-based method and an area-based method. We compared a set of structural forest attributes modeled by these methods with a conventional forest inventory of the highly heterogeneous forest of the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany), which partially includes stands affected by severe natural disturbances. Area-based models were accurate for all structural attributes, with cross-validated average root mean squared error ranging from ∼3.4 to ∼13.4 in the best modeling case. The coefficients of variation for the mapped area-based estimations were mostly minor. The area-based estimations were varied but highly correlated (Pearson’s correlations between ∼ 0.56 and 0.85) with single tree segmentation estimations; undetected trees in the single tree segmentat-based method were the main sources of inconsistency. The single tree segment-based method was highly correlated (∼ 0.54 to 0.90) with data from ground-based forest inventories. The single tree-based algorithm delivered highly reliable estimates for a set of forest structural attributes that are of interest in forest inventories at the landscape scale. We recommend LiDAR forest inventories at the landscape scale in both heterogeneous commercial forests and large protected areas in the central European temperate sites. 相似文献