共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
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普通数码相机固定在高精度旋转平台上可集成为旋转全景相机,水平旋转多位置拍摄,可获取全景影像。给出了旋转全景相机的成像几何关系模型,实现了旋转全景相机的标定,利用稀疏分布的少量控制点（最少3个）,即可解算出平台旋转中心坐标与起始方位角,及每张像片的外方位元素,再利用多站旋转拍摄的影像进行前方交会就可获得物方点坐标。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在实际摄影测量中可少受视野和控制点数量的限制,通过较少的控制点即可解算出物方点坐标,且测量精度较好。该方法是在困难场景进行近景摄影测量的一种新的有效手段。 相似文献
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基于多像灭点的相机定标 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
近年来,3维目标建模一直是计算机视觉及摄影测量领域的研究热门,其中拍摄目标的相机(或摄像机)定标是问题的关键之一.详细阐述了基于单像、利用灭点对相机进行定标的理论的特点及不足,并对其进行误差分析,从而提出了一种新的基于多方位、多像的灭点定标方法.这种方法克服了原有理论的缺陷,使标定出的相机内外方位参数更加精确、稳定. 相似文献
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空中三角测量是利用航摄像片与被摄目标之间的空间几何位置关系,根据少量的野外控制点,计算节点的平面坐标与高程以及航摄像片的外方位元素的方法,是摄影测量过程中的重要环节。随着导航定位技术的发展,高精度POS装置被广泛安装到航拍飞机上,用于记录航拍时刻相机的位置与姿态,从而进行辅助空中三角测量。本文研究利用双高度层的ADS40航线影像,结合POS数据,利用一定数量的控制点,基于ORIMA软件进行空中三角测量,并对其解算精度与同一区域单高度层航线影像的空三精度进行比较。 相似文献
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卫星摄影三线阵CCD影像的EEP法空中三角测量（三） 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
4 平差方案及模拟数据平差实验4.1 自由网+控制点空中三角测量由前方交会(2.1)式,后方交会(2.2)式以及外方位元素平滑制约条件(2.3)式,可以构成类似经典的光束法空中三角测量,但由于EFP像点坐标是推算出来的,所以控制点不宜直接参与平差过程.于是平差要分成自由网平差及利用控制点作三维线性变换两个步骤.另一方面,卫星摄影中起始角元素大约在±0.5°左右,对于经典空中三角测量,角元素起始近似值均可按零处理.但在EFP平差中,φ角起始值φ0对空中三角测量,像元素起始近似值均可按零处理.在EFP平差中,φ角起始值φ0对整条航线的几何状态影响很大,必须采用特殊的程序预先加以确定.我们采用不断步进φ角值,比较由前方交会及(1.2)式计算的Y视差的均方根值最小者,即作为φ的最佳起始值.平差框图见图4. 相似文献
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传统的后方交会最小二乘解法需要良好的外方位元素初值。在无初值或者初值不够精确的情况下,最小二乘迭代不容易收敛。在近景摄影测量或者计算机视觉等领域,往往不提供良好的初值,无法适用传统的后方交会解法。针对上述情况,本文提出了一种基于单应性矩阵的后方交会直接解法,在不需要初值的情况下,获取外方位元素的直接解。该方法根据单应性矩阵所描述的平面几何关系,利用单应性矩阵内在的约束条件,将后方交会问题转换为一个二元二次方程组的求解问题。该方法受舍入误差影响小,在无偶然误差的情况下,解算精度能达到10–9量级,能够避免传统直接解法计算复杂的问题,为传统的平差迭代解法提供良好的初值。此外,在多个控制点共面的情况下,该方法能够直接获得外方位元素的精确解。实验结果表明:在各种不同倾角拍摄的情况下,该方法均能够获得稳定的外方位元素,为后续的后方交会最小二乘算法提供良好的初值。采用本文方法计算的初值参与平差,能够达到与人工给定初值平差一致的精度,且迭代收敛速度是人工给定初值平差的2倍以上。在控制点共面的情况下,该方法的反投影精度能够达到亚像素级,且精度优于大部分主流的直接解法。 相似文献
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卫星摄影三线阵CCD影像的EFP法空中三角测量(一) 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
系统地介绍了EFP法空中三角测量的基本思想、EFP像点坐标计算、平差的数学模型和卫生摄影测量的数字模拟,并以模拟数据进行了自由网＋控制点平差、外方位元素量测值参与平差、外方位元素量测值常差的分离以及区域平差等实验计算和实验结果分析。通过研究分析得出结论：（1）三条基线的航线可以保证三线阵CCD影像光束法平差的几何强度;（2）控制点可以布设在航线首末端,二线交会区的高程精度比三线交会区仅低约1.4因子;（3）外方位元素观测值是三线阵CCD影像光束法平差不可缺少的数据,经过平差可以不同程度地提高平差的高程精度。即使外方位元素观测值达到现代的精度,光束法平差的高程精度仍比直接前方交会高,所以三线阵CCD相机比单线阵、双线阵相机在全球性无控制卫星摄影测量或外星球摄影测量方面有更大的优势。 相似文献
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雷达影像几何构像距离-共面方程 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
几何构像方程是遥感影像摄影测量最基本最重要的公式,简洁性和严密性是其能得到广泛应用的必要条件。本文分析了姿态对侧视雷达影像成像的影响,以传感器位置和姿态(外方位元素)作为定向参数,根据侧视雷达成像的距离和波束中心共面(Range-Coplanarity,R-Cp)条件构建了一种简洁严密的几何构像方程。该方程考虑了姿态参数对雷达影像严密定位的影响,反映了侧视雷达遥感影像的成像几何原理,避开了复杂的成像参数,实现了雷达影像与光学影像严密构像模型定向参数的统一。定位试验精度优于LeberlF模型和KonecnyG模型。该方程的特点表明其在侧视雷达遥感影像的摄影测量领域中有着一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
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硐室摄影地质编录原理及其精度 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
阐述了摄影地质编录原理及其系统工作流程，并研究了硐室的摄影地质编录的精度，研究表明，硐室数字影像展示图足以满足作为编录底图的精度要求，摄影测量能够达到测定地质状要素的精度要求。 相似文献
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非量测数码相机由于价格低廉、使用方便等原因成为近景摄影测量获取影像的主要设备之一。但非量测相机的内方位元素和畸变系数未知,不能直接利用共线方程进行解析计算,因而必须对相机进行检校。而相机参数检校成果质量的高低直接关系着能否满足测量精度的要求。本文提出了基于二维直接线性变换(DLT)的相机标定算法,利用平面控制点解算出像点坐标和相应物点物方空间坐标之间的线性关系,再结合内方位元素及畸变参数的解算进行迭代,以得到满足一定精度要求的相机参数(x0,y0,f,k1,k2,p1,p2),并用MATLAB加以实现。 相似文献
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《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2000,55(2):75-93
For photogrammetric applications, solutions to camera exterior orientation problem can be classified into linear (direct) and non-linear. Direct solutions are important because of their computational efficiency. Existing linear solutions suffer from lack of robustness and accuracy partially due to the fact that the majority of the methods utilize only one type of geometric entity and their frameworks do not allow simultaneous use of different types of features. Furthermore, the orthonormality constraints are weakly enforced or not enforced at all. We have developed a new analytic linear least-squares framework for determining camera exterior orientation from the simultaneous use of multiple types of geometric features. The technique utilizes 2D/3D correspondences between points, lines, and ellipse–circle pairs. The redundancy provided by different geometric features improves the robustness and accuracy of the least-squares solution. A novel way of approximately imposing orthonormality constraints on the sought rotation matrix within the linear framework is presented. Results from experimental evaluation of the new technique using both synthetic data and real images reveal its improved robustness and accuracy over existing direct methods. 相似文献
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YUAN Xiuxiao 《地球空间信息科学学报》2000,3(1):24-33
1 IntroductionAs is now well known, the high accurate point de-termination with airborne remOe sensing data hasalways ben one of the most fundaxnental prObletns..in aerial photOgrammtry. According to the princi-ple of the geOmtry reversal in photOgramrntry,the interior and exterior orientation elements ofaerial phOtOgraphs must first be known in order toreconstnJct the measuring stereo geometric medels.For the past 60 years, however, the interior orienta-tion parameters of carnera were main… 相似文献
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为建立适用于遥感相机定标的实验室,需要有几何标定的算法和软件对摄影图像进行计算.使用近景摄影测量中基于3维控制场的定标方法,对单CCD四波段遥感相机进行了几何定标,研究并自主编程实现了直接线性变换DLT(Direct Linear Transformation)算法,与基于空间后方交会算法的定标结果进行了精度对比.结论... 相似文献
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FriedrichAckermann 《地球空间信息科学学报》1998,(1)
A geo-reference is a global or regional geographical or geodetic coor-dinate system to which sensors or spatial object data are related.Hence,geo-ref-erencing is close to the well known photogrammetric concept of exterior or abso-lute orientation,the common execution of which is indirect,via the use of groundcontrol point.GPS and INS technologies have changed the situation,permittingdirect measurement of position and attitude parameters and making exterior orien-tation feasible without ground control at all,in principle.The analysis of accuracyand reliability performance discloses,however,that especially INS does not yetmeet the high demands of photogrammetry.Moreover,control of systematic er-rors,the problem of datum transformation,and reliability conditions make theuse of some ground control points still mandatory,at least for any high perfor-mance geo-referencing. 相似文献
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D. Rieke-Zapp W. Tecklenburg J. Peipe H. Hastedt Claudia Haig 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(3):248-258
Recent tests on the geometric stability of several digital cameras that were not designed for photogrammetric applications have shown that the accomplished accuracies in object space are either limited or that the accuracy potential is not exploited to the fullest extent. A total of 72 calibrations were calculated with four different software products for eleven digital camera models with different hardware setups, some with mechanical fixation of one or more parts. The calibration procedure was chosen in accord to a German guideline for evaluation of optical 3D measuring systems [VDI/VDE, VDI/VDE 2634 Part 1, 2002. Optical 3D Measuring Systems–Imaging Systems with Point-by-point Probing. Beuth Verlag, Berlin]. All images were taken with ringflashes which was considered a standard method for close-range photogrammetry. In cases where the flash was mounted to the lens, the force exerted on the lens tube and the camera mount greatly reduced the accomplished accuracy. Mounting the ringflash to the camera instead resulted in a large improvement of accuracy in object space. For standard calibration best accuracies in object space were accomplished with a Canon EOS 5D and a 35 mm Canon lens where the focusing tube was fixed with epoxy (47 μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space). The fixation of the Canon lens was fairly easy and inexpensive resulting in a sevenfold increase in accuracy compared with the same lens type without modification. A similar accuracy was accomplished with a Nikon D3 when mounting the ringflash to the camera instead of the lens (52 μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space). Parameterisation of geometric instabilities by introduction of an image variant interior orientation in the calibration process improved results for most cameras. In this case, a modified Alpa 12 WA yielded the best results (29 μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space). Extending the parameter model with FiBun software to model not only an image variant interior orientation, but also deformations in the sensor domain of the cameras, showed significant improvements only for a small group of cameras. The Nikon D3 camera yielded the best overall accuracy (25 μm maximum absolute length measurement error in object space) with this calibration procedure indicating at the same time the presence of image invariant error in the sensor domain. Overall, calibration results showed that digital cameras can be applied for an accurate photogrammetric survey and that only a little effort was sufficient to greatly improve the accuracy potential of digital cameras. 相似文献
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针对车载全景序列影像的位姿估计问题,该文提出了一种基于角元素和线元素的位姿估计优化方法。根据全景多视几何关系,建立了角元素和线元素多视约束的优化模型,并推导完成模型的位姿求解方法。然后作为初始外方位元素,加入稀疏GPS/INS的相机控制数据约束,采用全景球模型的稀疏光束法平差对位姿估计结果进一步优化。实验选择IP-S2车载移动测量系统获取的全景序列影像,对比分析单视图、全景视图的连续位姿估计、本文方法和GPS/INS控制数据。实验结果表明,该文方法可提高位姿估计的精度,并减少连续位姿估计产生的累计误差。 相似文献
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A comparison of dense matching algorithms for scaled surface reconstruction using stereo camera rigs
Photogrammetric methods for dense 3D surface reconstruction are increasingly available to both professional and amateur users who have requirements that span a wide variety of applications. One of the key concerns in choosing an appropriate method is to understand the achievable accuracy and how choices made within the workflow can alter that outcome. In this paper we consider accuracy in two components: the ability to generate a correctly scaled 3D model; and the ability to automatically deliver a high quality data set that provides good agreement to a reference surface. The determination of scale information is particularly important, since a network of images usually only provides angle measurements and thus leads to unscaled geometry. A solution is the introduction of known distances in object space, such as base lines between camera stations or distances between control points. In order to avoid using known object distances, the method presented in this paper exploits a calibrated stereo camera utilizing the calibrated base line information from the camera pair as an observational based geometric constraint. The method provides distance information throughout the object volume by orbiting the object.In order to test the performance of this approach, four topical surface matching methods have been investigated to determine their ability to produce accurate, dense point clouds. The methods include two versions of Semi-Global Matching as well as MicMac and Patch-based Multi-View Stereo (PMVS). These methods are implemented on a set of stereo images captured from four carefully selected objects by using (1) an off-the-shelf low cost 3D camera and (2) a pair of Nikon D700 DSLR cameras rigidly mounted in close proximity to each other. Inter-comparisons demonstrate the subtle differences between each of these permutations. The point clouds are also compared to a dataset obtained with a Nikon MMD laser scanner. Finally, the established process of achieving accurate point clouds from images and known object space distances are compared with the presented strategies.Results from the matching demonstrate that if a good imaging network is provided, using a stereo camera and bundle adjustment with geometric constraints can effectively resolve the scale. Among the strategies for dense 3D reconstruction, using the presented method for solving the scale problem and PMVS on the images captured with two DSLR cameras resulted in a dense point cloud as accurate as the Nikon laser scanner dataset. 相似文献