共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 123 毫秒
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研究了观测噪声统计特性未知的情况下,简化的自协方差最小二乘噪声估计方法在捷联惯性导航系统静基座初始对准中的应用。该算法采用迭代计算的策略,同时进行噪声估计和初始姿态修正,估计精度较高。通过数值方法对此算法的正确性和有效性进行了验证。 相似文献
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针对现有自协方差最小二乘噪声估计结果非正定的问题,提出了一种能够有效克服数据长度不够以及先验信息不准的改进算法,保证噪声估计结果的正定性,从而提高自协方差最小二乘噪声估计的精度。数值仿真实验验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。 相似文献
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高精度的载体动态导航与定位不仅需要对载体异常扰动和观测异常有良好控制,还需要对状态方程系统噪声及观测噪声的时变特性有准确认识和处理。首先针对包含系统噪声的动力学模型和包含时变观测噪声的导航系统,提出一种基于信息滤波形式的分级自适应滤波算法。然后针对系统噪声的渐变性和突变性,增加了遗忘因子和二段自适应因子,提高了对突变噪声估计的稳定性;顾及观测噪声的时变特性,采用传感器间差分和观测数据历元差分法估计观测噪声协方差。最后进行了仿真实验和深海拖体实验,结果表明,该算法不仅可以有效地估计系统噪声,还能准确地估计时变观测噪声的协方差阵,提高水下载体动态参数的估计精度。 相似文献
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李成仁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12)
针对传统的点云内插DEM算法存在模型误差和点云粗差等问题,提出利用抗差最小二乘配置方法进行DEM内插。该方法可将内插模型误差当作最小二乘配置中的随机信号来处理,并采用基于抗差M估计的协方差函数拟合方法,对粗差数据进行剔除或降权处理,削弱其对协方差函数拟合精度的影响,从而提高DEM内插精度。最后采用三种实验方案对比分析,实验结果表明:抗差最小二乘配置插值方法具有更高的插值精度。 相似文献
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针对GPS水准与重力似大地水准面之差中存在系统误差的问题,使用最小二乘配置估计信号大小,来提高似大地水准面的拟合精度.对于最小二乘配置的噪声与信号的协方差之间的关系不合理,采用自适应因子纠正两者之间的关系,并首次将自适应最小二乘配置算法应用于似大地水准面精化.最后使用我国东部面积将近2万km2的城市A的数据进行验证,计算结果表明,最小二乘配置及自适应最小二乘配置在一定程度上能够提高拟合效果,使似大地水准面更接近于真实值,实现了国内较大城市面积的1.0 cm检核精度的区域似大地水准面成果. 相似文献
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为降低系统模型误差及观测模型误差的影响,结合噪声协方差自适应控制机制,对双天线GNSS/INS初始对准方法进行改进。利用噪声协方差自适应控制下的扩展卡尔曼滤波进行数据处理,包括系统噪声协方差控制及观测噪声协方差控制。试验结果表明,系统噪声协方差自适应控制机制可提高系统稳定性,降低滤波稳态值;观测噪声协方差自适应控制机制可降低观测噪声的影响,提高对准绝对精度。采用后处理的方式,利用基线长度偏差最小的基线结果辅助姿态解算,绝对精度进一步提高,对准绝对精度主要受观测值影响。利用本文方法,横滚角、俯仰角对准绝对精度可达0.02°,航向角对准绝对精度可达0.04°。 相似文献
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探讨了根据ARMA模型构造白化滤波器对卫星加速度进行去相关滤波的方法。给出了加速度法和去相关最小二乘解算的基本原理,推导了基于加速度法整体求解加速度计尺度因子、偏差参数和重力场位系数的计算公式。在此基础上,讨论了利用ARMA去相关滤波法抑制卫星加速度有色噪声的具体处理方案。实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Information on trajectory and attitude is essential for analyzing gravimetric data collected on kinematic platforms. Usually, a Kalman filter is used to obtain high-accuracy positional and velocity information. However, this can be affected by measurement outliers and by state disturbances that occur frequently under a fast-changing environment. To overcome these problems, a robust adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm is applied for state estimates, which introduces an equivalent weight to resist measurement outliers and an optimal adaptive factor to balance the contributions of the kinematic model information and the measurements. In addition to the conventional robust estimator, an improved Current Statistical (CS) model is proposed. The improved CS model adopts a variance adaptive learning algorithm, and it can perform self-adaptation of acceleration variance with the innovation information; thus, it can overcome the shortcoming of lower tracking accuracy and avoid setting the maximum acceleration. Following a gravimetry campaign on the Baltic Sea, it is shown in theory and in practice that the robust adaptive Kalman filter is not only simple in its calculation but also more reliable in controlling the colored observation noise and kinematic state disturbance compared with the classical Kalman filter. The improved CS model performs best, especially when analyzing the positioning errors at the turns due to the target maneuvering. Compared to the CS model, the RMS values of the positional estimates derived from the improved CS model decrease by almost 30% in the horizontal direction, and no significant improvement in the vertical direction is found. 相似文献
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Xiaoliang Wang 《GPS Solutions》2011,15(2):121-128
An improved adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is presented to model error and process noise uncertainty. The adaptive algorithm
for model error is obtained by using an upper bound for the state prediction covariance matrix. The process noise is estimated
at each filter step by minimizing a criterion function, which was determined by measurement prediction. A recursive algorithm
is provided for solving the criterion function. The proposed adaptive filter algorithm was successfully implemented in GPS
relative navigation for spacecraft formation flying in high earth orbits with real orbit perturbations. Software simulation
results indicated that the proposed adaptive filter performed better in robustness and accuracy compared with previous adaptive
algorithms. 相似文献
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We propose a methodology for the combination of a gravimetric (quasi-) geoid with GNSS-levelling data in the presence of noise
with correlations and/or spatially varying noise variances. It comprises two steps: first, a gravimetric (quasi-) geoid is
computed using the available gravity data, which, in a second step, is improved using ellipsoidal heights at benchmarks provided
by GNSS once they have become available. The methodology is an alternative to the integrated processing of all available data
using least-squares techniques or least-squares collocation. Unlike the corrector-surface approach, the pursued approach guarantees
that the corrections applied to the gravimetric (quasi-) geoid are consistent with the gravity anomaly data set. The methodology
is applied to a data set comprising 109 gravimetric quasi-geoid heights, ellipsoidal heights and normal heights at benchmarks
in Switzerland. Each data set is complemented by a full noise covariance matrix. We show that when neglecting noise correlations
and/or spatially varying noise variances, errors up to 10% of the differences between geometric and gravimetric quasi-geoid
heights are introduced. This suggests that if high-quality ellipsoidal heights at benchmarks are available and are used to
compute an improved (quasi-) geoid, noise covariance matrices referring to the same datum should be used in the data processing
whenever they are available. We compare the methodology with the corrector-surface approach using various corrector surface
models. We show that the commonly used corrector surfaces fail to model the more complicated spatial patterns of differences
between geometric and gravimetric quasi-geoid heights present in the data set. More flexible parametric models such as radial
basis function approximations or minimum-curvature harmonic splines perform better. We also compare the proposed method with
generalized least-squares collocation, which comprises a deterministic trend model, a random signal component and a random
correlated noise component. Trend model parameters and signal covariance function parameters are estimated iteratively from
the data using non-linear least-squares techniques. We show that the performance of generalized least-squares collocation
is better than the performance of corrector surfaces, but the differences with respect to the proposed method are still significant. 相似文献
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卡尔曼滤波常常被用于惯性导航系统初始对准算法,其使用前提是对系统状态进行建模,从而得到比较准确的系统噪声和观测噪声统计特性。在模型失配和观测噪声干扰的情况下,常规卡尔曼滤波会出现精度下降甚至发散,从而影响初始对准精度。针对这一问题,提出了一种新型渐消卡尔曼滤波算法,引入了多重渐消因子对预测误差协方差阵进行调整,设计了基于新息向量统计特性的滤波状态χ2检验条件,使渐消因子的引入时机更加合理,算法的自适应性得到增强。将改进的卡尔曼滤波算法应用到惯性导航系统的初始对准问题中,仿真试验和实测数据试验结果表明,与常规渐消因子滤波算法相比,新算法可以有效提高滤波精度及鲁棒性。 相似文献
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GPS/INS组合导航非线性系统最优估计算法中,基于统计信息和假设检验理论的多渐消因子自适应滤波算法的应用前提条件是残差向量为高斯白噪声。本文针对观测异常会影响残差向量的数字特性分布,提出了一种神经网络辅助的多重渐消因子自适应SVD-UKF算法。该算法采用神经网络算法削弱观测异常对残差序列高斯白噪声分布特性的影响,利用奇异值分解抑制UKF中先验协方差矩阵负定性变化,同时构造多重渐消因子对预测状态协方差阵进行调整,使得不同的滤波通道具有不同的调节能力,高效地应用于多变量复杂系统。最后利用车载实测数据进行了验证。结果表明,神经网络算法极大削弱了观测粗差对残差序列高斯白噪声分布特性的影响,拓展了多重渐消因子的应用范围,使其能在观测值含有粗差的条件下自适应调节不同滤波通道,消除滤波状态中的异常,提高组合导航解的精度和可靠性。 相似文献
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一种改进均值的自适应中值滤波算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对自适应中值滤波算法在滤除高浓度椒盐噪声和保留图像边缘细节中的不足，提出了一种改进均值的自适应中值滤波（IMAMF）算法。该算法采用扩充图像边界的方式，使得原图像的边界点能在自适应的滤波窗口下参与噪声检测和滤波处理，并在检测噪声和信号时，增加了噪声阈值判定，将存在噪声的像素点用修正后的均值滤波器值输出，信号点则用原始灰度值输出。为了验证算法的可行性，采用了5种不同的算法进行仿真对比分析，并从主观角度和客观指标上进行效果评价。试验结果表明：该算法能有效滤除浓度为10%~90%范围内的椒盐噪声，且图像细节和边缘信息得到了更好的保留，滤波性能明显优于其他算法。 相似文献