共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
耕地污染日益严重,耕地土壤的重金属高光谱信息属于非线性的微弱信号。小波变换作为常用的非线性微弱信号处理手段,在保留更多微弱信号的基础上可以更好的提取出土壤重金属的微弱光谱信息。文中研究在Db4小波对土壤原始光谱进行分解与重构的基础上提取特征波段,利用特征波段与重金属含量的相关性建立偏最小二乘模型反演土壤重金属铬含量。研究表明,利用Db4小波函数对原始光谱进行分解和重构可以有效提取土壤重金属铬的特征光谱信息;利用小波分解与重构所提取的特征光谱信息与重金属铬含量之间的相关性所建立的PLS模型的决定系数明显高于基于传统一阶微分处理土壤光谱所建立的PLS模型的决定系数。 相似文献
2.
基于反射光谱预测土壤重金属元素含量的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文利用实验室实测的土壤反射光谱以及铅、镉、汞等重金属元素数据,进行土壤重金属元素含量快速预测的可行性研究。本文利用偏最小二乘回归方法,研究了反射率(R)、一阶微分(FDR)、反射率倒数的对数(lg(1/R))和波段深度(BD)等对预测精度的影响,对这几种光谱指标预测土壤重金属含量的能力进行了分析和评价,同时分析了多光谱数据估算土壤重金属元素含量的可行性。结果表明,反射率倒数的对数lg(1/R)是估算土壤重金属元素含量最好的光谱指标,尤其是Cd和Pb,检验精度R超过0.82。有机质、铁锰氧化物和黏土矿物对土壤重金属元素的吸附是可见光—近红外—短波红外光谱估算其含量的机理。多光谱数据同样具有估算土壤重金属元素含量的能力,但实际数据则要考虑多种因素的影响。 相似文献
3.
《测绘科学技术学报》2018,(5)
快速、准确地测定土壤重金属含量,对防治土壤重金属污染、改善土壤环境和保障食品安全有着重要意义。以山东省烟台市采集的70个土壤样本为基础,首先分析土壤重金属铬含量的分组光谱特性;然后利用6种变换方法对土壤光谱反射率进行变换,根据极大相关性原则选取反演因子;最后利用灰色关联度模型初步估测铬含量,并对估测结果进行修正,采用决定系数和平均相对误差评价模型的有效性。结果表明,土壤光谱反射率随铬含量的升高而降低,二者呈负相关性;利用灰色关联度模式识别方法对重金属铬含量进行估测后的决定系数为R~2=0.656,平均相对误差为16.590%,而利用灰色关联度修正模型对估测值进行修正后,决定系数为R~2=0.912,平均相对误差为6.632%。研究表明,利用灰色关联度修正模型定量估侧土壤重金属铬含量有效。 相似文献
4.
以实验室制备的土壤样本和室内高光谱数据为基础,通过对光谱数据进行重采样、数学变换等预处理,探讨土壤有机质的高光谱特性,利用相关分析和主成分回归分析在不同的土壤粒径水平及不同的光谱变换形式下,建立了回归模型,结果显示在0.25 mm粒径水平下以反射率的对数的一阶微分处理之后的光谱数据建立的模型最优. 相似文献
5.
盐渍化土壤光谱特征分析与建模 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为建立土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型,选取宁夏回族自治区平罗县典型土壤盐渍化发生区域作为研究区,以野外原位光谱测量数据和实验室内测得的土壤含盐量与p H值数据为基础,进行高光谱数据处理,分析不同盐渍化程度土壤的光谱特征;对实测土壤光谱反射率进行倒数、对数、均方根及其一阶微分等光谱变换,计算高光谱指数;与土壤样本含盐量进行相关性分析,筛选盐渍化土壤的光谱特征波段,利用多元线性回归分析建立土壤盐渍化监测模型。研究结果表明:以倒数一阶微分变换后的940 nm和1 094 nm波段作为特征波段构建的土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型最优。 相似文献
6.
土壤有机质光谱特征研究 总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38
对在宜兴市和横山县采集的174个土样400nm～2500nm波段的光谱曲线进行了研究。为了有效去除背景噪声对目标光谱的影响，并将非线性关系线性化，首先对土壤光谱进行了14种变换，然后运用光谱微分技术、逐步回归分析等方法研究了土壤光谱反射特性与土壤有机质之间的关系。结果表明，反射率对数的一阶微分这一变换形式对土壤有机质含量最为敏感。建立了相应的回归预测模型，模型方程判定系数达到0．885，较好地利用土壤光谱反射特性预测了土壤有机质的含量。 相似文献
7.
提出了一种无损、快速、成本低的土壤分类方法,选取松嫩平原4种典型土壤(黑土、黑钙土、风砂土和草甸土)耕层(0—20 cm)土样的实验室反射光谱数据作为研究对象,采用重采样、包络线消除法处理光谱数据,提取反映反射光谱特征的光谱特征参数,利用K均值聚类(K-means clustering)和决策树(decision tree)分别进行聚类分析和分类模型构建,实现土壤的快速分类。结果表明,利用表层土壤反射光谱特征参数构建的决策树分类模型可以对研究区土壤进行分类。研究成果有望加快土壤制图,为土壤理化性质的时空变化研究提供技术支持。 相似文献
8.
粒子群优化神经网络的土壤有机质高光谱估测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对提高土壤有机质高光谱估测精度的问题,该文对山东省泰安市的92个棕壤样本进行光谱去噪,剔除异常样本处理后,对光谱反射率进行11种变换,发现一阶微分变换最佳;然后计算土壤有机质含量与变换后光谱反射率的相关系数,选取5个特征波段,分别利用多元线性回归、BP神经网络、支持向量机、粒子群优化神经网络4种方法建立土壤有机质含量高光谱估测模型并进行精度比较。实验结果表明,多元线性回归、BP神经网络、支持向量机和粒子群优化神经网络模型的决定系数R2分别为0.520 3、0.665 4、0.735 0和0.853 0,均方根误差分别为2.12、1.99、1.45和1.08。研究结果表明,粒子群优化神经网络的反演精度高、稳定性强,可有效提高土壤有机质的光谱估测能力。 相似文献
9.
基于模糊模式识别的土壤含铁量高光谱估测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对横山县采集的84个土样350—2500 nm波段的光谱曲线进行了土壤含铁量光谱反演分析,证明了以包络去除法处理光谱数据为基础所建立的模糊贴近度反演模型为最佳,利用模糊贴近度识别进行土壤含铁量反演是可行的。 相似文献
10.
土壤钾含量高光谱定量反演研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了更快捷准确地进行土壤钾(K)含量的预测,基于土壤高光谱数据和化学元素分析数据,研究土壤光谱与土壤钾含量之间的定量关系.在对土壤原始光谱进行处理分析基础上,提取反射率(R)、反射率倒数的对数(log(1/R))、反射率一阶微分(R')和波段深度(BD)4种光谱指标,运用偏最小二乘回归方法建立相应的预测模型,并对模型进行检验.结果表明,波段深度是估算土壤钾含量最好的光谱指标,其建模精度超过0.85,均方根误差不超过0.1;全波段高光谱分辨率反射光谱具有快速有效估算土壤钾含量的潜力. 相似文献
11.
Effectiveness of SID as Spectral Similarity Measure to Develop Crop Spectra from Hyperspectral Image
Hasmukh J. Chauhan B. Krishna Mohan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(11):1853-1862
The present study was undertaken with the objective to check effectiveness of spectral information divergence (SID) to develop spectra from image for crop classes based on spectral similarity with field spectra. In multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing, classification of pixels is obtained by statistical comparison (by means of spectral similarity) of known field or library spectra to unknown image spectra. Though these algorithms are readily used, little emphasis has been placed on use of various spectral similarity measures to develop crop spectra from the image itself. Hence, in this study methodology suggested to develop spectra for crops based on SID. Absorption features are unique and distinct; hence, validation of the developed spectra is carried out using absorption features by comparing it with field spectra and finding average correlation coefficient r?=?0.982 and computed SID equivalent r?=?0.989. Effectiveness of developed spectra for image classification was computed by probability of spectral discrimination (PSD) and resulted in higher probability for the spectra developed based on SID. Image classification was carried out using field spectra and spectra assigned by SID. Overall classification accuracy of the image classified by field spectra is 78.30% and for the image classified by spectra assigned through SID-based approach is 91.82%. Z test shows that image classification carried out using spectra developed by SID is better than classification carried out using field spectra and significantly different. Validation by absorption features, effectiveness by PSD and higher classification accuracy show possibility of new approach for spectra development based on SID spectral similarity measure. 相似文献
12.
叶片光谱是估算植被生化参数的重要依据。然而,遥感影像获取的光谱为像元及冠层光谱,因此,在进行植被生化参数的遥感定量估算时,需将冠层光谱转化到叶片尺度。根据几何光学模型原理,推导出植被冠层光谱和叶片光谱的尺度转换函数,将冠层光谱转换到叶片尺度。首先,采用叶片光谱模拟模型PROSPECT模拟出叶片水平的光谱;其次,在几何光学模型4-scale模型中,通过改变叶片光谱和叶面积指数（leaf area index,LAI）,模拟出不同叶片特征下的冠层光谱。最后,通过LAI建立两个查找表,一个是传感器观测到树冠光照面和背景光照面概率的查找表,另一个是多次散射因子M的查找表,从而实现冠层光谱和叶片光谱的转化。结果表明,利用4-scale模型能实现冠层光谱与叶片光谱的尺度转换,此方法有很好的适用性。 相似文献
13.
14.
重金属污染日益加剧,重金属在土壤中的聚集不仅破坏了生态平衡,也对人类的健康生活造成了影响,因此快捷、准确地获取土壤中的重金属含量成为土壤污染监制与治理的重要环节。高光谱遥感技术的发展使得快速低成本反演土壤重金属含量成为可能。针对野外光谱受环境因素（土壤粒径、含水量等）的影响,且现有研究中普遍存在样本量不足的问题,提出结合野外光谱与实验室光谱构建土壤铅(Pb)反演机理模型的方法,首先,采用直接矫正（direct standardization,DS）算法对野外光谱进行环境因素校正;其次,通过引入实验室光谱联合建模的方式,提高样本的差异性;最后,提取铁氧化物特征谱段用于建模以增加反演的机理性。利用中国河北雄安一般农作区的70个土壤样本野外光谱数据研究表明,未经DS校正的野外光谱全谱段单独建模,反演精度R2仅为0.220 0,而所提方法的反演精度R2可达0.914 6, 模型具有出色的估算能力,表明在去除环境因素对野外光谱影响基础上,综合利用野外光谱与实验室光谱的铁氧化物特征谱段建模能够显著提高Pb含量的反演精度。 相似文献
15.
Spectral library search is emerging as a viable approach for material identification and mapping by reusing spectral knowledge gained from hyperspectral remote sensing across space and time. The potential of retrieving meaningful spectral material identifications in the presence of reflectance of spectra of various material types and with various similarity metrics has been assessed in this study. Test reflectance spectra of various vegetation, minerals, soils and urban material types are identified by searching through the composite reflectance spectral library obtained by combining various institutional reflectance spectral libraries. The accuracy of material identifications under various conditions: (i) in the presence of identical, similar and dissimilar spectra; (ii) in the presence of only identical and dissimilar spectra; and (iii) in the presence of only dissimilar spectra has been assessed with several similarity metrics. Results indicate the possibility of obtaining 100% accurate material identifications by library search if the spectral library contains identical spectra. However, the presence of a large number of similar spectra, despite the presence of identical spectra, is found to increase false positives, thereby reducing the accuracy of retrievals to 82% at best. Further, the accuracy of material identifications in the presence of similar spectra is similarity metric-dependent and varied from about 52% (obtained from Binary Encoding) to 82% (obtained from Normalized Spectral Similarity Score). Overall, results support the possibility of using independent reflectance spectral libraries for material identification while calling for robust spectral similarity metrics. 相似文献
16.
Maged Marghany 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2004,32(2):185-198
This paper presents the application of the velocity bunching model to detect the wave spectra pattern. We have developed the
azimuth cut-off model which is estimated from the velocity bunching theory to model out the significant wave height. The velocity
bunching model utilized two ERS-1 images (First European Remote Sensing Satellite). These two ERS-1 images have been acquired
with the different monsoon periods. Several steps have been used to simulate the significant wave height from the velocity
bunching model, these were: the real ocean wave spectra simulated from the in situ wave data, and the SAR wave spectra, extracted
by applying two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-DFFT). Finally, the significant wave height was estimated based on the azimuth
cut-off arising from the velocity bunching model. Two hypotheses were established in modelling the wave spectra from the SAR
images: (i) azimuth cut-off was based on velocity bunching, which has been used to model the significant wave height with
high accuracy, and (ii) velocity bunching model has been used to map the SAR wave spectra into ocean wave spectra. In the
present study, a specific ERS-1 images of the South China Sea has been considered. No significant differences were found between
the velocity-bunching model and ocean wave spectra model where ERS-1 wave spectra has been found to be dominated by the azimuth
fall-off effects. Furthermore, the velocity bunching model produced wave spectra pattern approximately closed to the real
ocean wave compared to the SAR wave spectra. The highest rate of r2 (0.69) occurred when the significant wave height increased. It has been concluded that the velocity bunching model could
be used as the best fit model for estimating the significant wave height traveled along the azimuth direction. 相似文献
17.
18.
Determining the foliar N:P ratio provides a tool for understanding nutrient limitation on plant production and consequently for the feeding patterns of herbivores. In order to understand the nutrient limitation at landscape scale, remote sensing techniques offer that opportunity. The objective of this study is to investigate the utility of field spectroscopy and a potential of hyperspectral mapper (HyMap) spectra to estimate foliar N:P ratio. Field spectral measurements were undertaken, and grass samples were collected for foliar N and P extraction. The foliar N:P ratio prediction models were developed using partial least square regression (PLSR) with original spectra and transformed spectra for field and the resampled field spectra to HyMap. Spectral transformations included the continuum removal (CR), water removal (WR), first difference derivative (FD) and log transformation (Log(1/R)). The results showed that CR and WR spectra in combination with PLSR predicted foliar N:P ratio with higher accuracy as compared to FD and R, using field spectra. For HyMap spectral analysis, addition to CR and WR, FD achieved higher estimation accuracy. The performance of FD, CR and WR spectra were attributed to their ability to minimize sensor and water effects on the fresh leaf spectra, respectively. The study demonstrated a potential to predict foliar N:P ratio using field and HyMap simulated spectra and shortwave infrared (SWIR) found to be highly sensitive to foliar N:P ratio. The study recommends the prediction of foliar N:P ratio at landscape level using airborne hyperspectral data and could be used by the resource managers, park managers, farmers and ecologists to understand the feeding patterns, resource selection and distribution of herbivores (i.e. wild and livestock). 相似文献
19.
Maged Marghany 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2003,4(4):279-294
The impact of wave spectra modulation transfer function (MTF) in shoreline change model accuracy has been presented. The MTF consisted of real aperture radar (RAR) and velocity-bunching which is utilized to map the wave spectra observed from ERS-1 into the observed real ocean wave spectra. Based on this information, the shoreline change model have developed. Two hypotheses were concerned with the shoreline change model based on ERS-1 wave spectra. First, there is a significant difference between RAR and velocity-bunching modulations for ERS-1 wave spectra modeling. Second, this significant difference is induced a different spatial variation for shoreline change pattern.This study shows that there was the significant difference between velocity-bunching and quasi-linear models. The study shows that velocity-bunching model produces wave spectra pattern approximately close to the real ocean wave compared to the quasi-linear model. The error percentage occurred with velocity-bunching and quasi-linear models were 33.5 and 46.7%, respectively. The highest rate of erosion occurred to the shore south of Chendering with −5 m per year and the highest rate of sedimentation occurred to north of Chendering headland with 3 m per year. It can be concluded that ERS-1 data could be used to model shoreline change and identify the locations of erosion and sedimentation. The sedimentation was occurred due to the effect of lowest wave spectra energy captured along the range direction while the erosion was occurred due to highest spectra energy captured near azimuth direction. 相似文献
20.
叶片作为植物冠层的基本组成元素,其自身的光学特性直接影响着遥感所能获得的植物冠层反射光谱。从原理上讲,叶片的光学特性不仅取决于其内部生化组分含量的多少,还与其物理结构密切相关。因此对叶片内部物理结构进行估算有助于分离其对叶片光谱的影响,从而提高叶片生化信息反演的精度。在基于叶片内部辐射传输过程的PROSPECT模型中,叶片内部结构用一个假想的叶肉结构参数N来描述。PROSPECT模型模拟光谱发现,N对叶片反射率和透过率均影响显著,且影响范围涵盖400—2500nm的全部波段。本文利用水稻叶片实测光谱和生化数据尝试了3种N的估算方法,包括两种经验方法和一种模型反演方法,并对其进行比较。结果表明,由于两种经验方法都基于N和表观叶面积（SLA）之间的非线性经验公式,因此两者具有内在的数学关系。运用模型反演方法估算的N可在实测水稻光谱和模型模拟光谱间得到最小RMSE,且其在数值上小于两种经验方法的估算值。以N为因变量,叶片光谱反射率为自变量,运用逐步线性回归分析建立了N的光谱估算模型,550nm,816nm,1210nm和1722nm四个波段被选入模型,回归效果较好,为N的估算提供了一种新的经验方法。 相似文献