共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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针对机载LiDAR数据处理中IMU安置角误差检校问题,该文提出一种基于共面约束的自动检校方法。从激光点云中自动提取尖顶房屋顶平面,并建立连接平面关系,基于激光脚点坐标计算公式和共面约束条件,通过平差解算得到IMU安置角误差参数。以Riegl Q780获取的数据进行实验,该方法检校结果与RiProcess软件提供的检校参数非常接近。经过误差改正后,相邻航线获取的点云可以很好地重合在一起。相对于人工选择特征地物进行IMU安置角误差检校,该方法可以大大提高检校的效率和可靠性。 相似文献
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基于几何特征约束的建筑物点云配准算法 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
针对人工建筑物表面存在的几何特征关系提出了基于几何特征约束的建筑物点云配准算法,根据点云数据中平面与平面重合关系,推导点在平面上和平面法线平行的2种线性不等约束条件。在6独立参数模型中增加几何特征约束的不等约束条件组成了附有约束条件的配准模型。通过对建筑物3维激光扫描点云数据的采集和处理,详细分析了几何特征约束配准算法的处理结果。试验结果分析表明几何特征约束条件可以合理地改善3维空间转换参数解算结果,提出的配准模型较适合于人工建筑物点云数据的配准。 相似文献
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针对车载移动测量系统中激光扫描仪和载体坐标系之间存在的位置和姿态偏差，在结合常规特征点、特征面检校方法基础上，本文提出了一种带有误差改正数的位置和姿态检校方法。利用TLS获取的车载系统整体点云模型和传感器固有几何属性，获取传感器之间相对关系初值，在此基础上引入误差改正数，构建误差改正模型。在与IGS站联测的检校场中借助平面、球形标靶和平面反射标志等特征，采用最小二乘法迭代法计算误差改正数最优解，从而实现传感器快速检校。试验结果表明，该方法切实可行，检校后点云平面绝对精度和高程绝对精度分别为0.043、0.072 m，相对精度为0.018 m，满足移动测量系统数据获取的精度要求，对促进车载移动测量技术发展和应用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为实现对物体表面三维信息的自动获取和多方位扫描结果的数据配准,提出了一种基于简易平面标靶的标定方法,并构建了相应的线激光三维扫描系统.首先,设计制作一个含有10个特征点的平面标靶,并利用平面标靶中的特征点对扫描系统进行姿态和位置标定;其次,利用平面标靶中的特征点计算其平面方程及平台平面方程;然后,在扫描时可以利用上述所得的平面方程求出激光平面方程,进而采用几何知识计算得到三维点云数据;最后,根据移动前后标靶图像上特征点信息计算出扫描系统的外部参数——平移旋转矩阵,从而可以实现多方位扫描数据的配准.试验结果表明,在距离45 cm处,几何投影变换求得的平面方程误差小于0.5％,每幅图像处理的时间小于60 ms,误差低于1.15 mm,基本满足三角测量的稳定可靠、精度高、成本低、比较适合现场标定等要求. 相似文献
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为了提升圆扫描式机载激光测深系统的定位精度,提出了一种检校思路:在平面区域获取激光点云时,系统误差和随机误差使得本应共面的激光点云不再共面,通过将激光点云拟合到单个平面上达到纠正点云位置的目的。首先推导了简单模式下圆扫描式机载激光测深系统定位模型,并从直线与平面交会的数学原理出发模拟激光光线与海面的交会过程,根据折射原理解算激光光线在水中的方向矢量,联合激光光线在水中的直线方程和海底面数学方程解算激光脚点的位置。然后,引入未知数先验方差,推导了参数加权最小二乘平差模型,为后面检校模型的解算奠定基础。最后,推导了用于检校的平差数学模型和详细的计算过程,对检校过程进行了模拟计算和分析讨论,得出了一些有益于检校过程的结论。 相似文献
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常用的激光标定评价方法是在检校场用同名特征点的距离误差衡量标定质量,选点的误差对高精度激光的标定评测不可忽略。本文提出了利用同名面评测激光的标定精度的方法,用控制点和静态激光建设精度较高的面检校场作为真值,从待评测激光点云中提取同名面,统计被评测激光的同名面和真值面之间的误差,评价激光的标定精度。该激光标定精度评测方法已经应用于高德高精采集车,并投产两年多,点云资料矢量化出的高精地图要素中相对精度优于10 cm的占比达到了98%。 相似文献
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针对地面LiDAR点云配准中不同坐标系点云数据存在对应的平面特征不同的问题,文章提出了一种基于总体最小二乘的地面LiDAR点云数据配准算法:通过对分割后的点云数据平面拟合,得到相应法向量;根据不同坐标系中LiDAR点云数据对应的平面法向量,利用反对称矩阵和罗德里格矩阵的性质,用3个独立参数代替3个旋转参数,采用总体最小二乘法建立旋转矩阵解算模型;采用总体最小二乘法确定平移参数的计算公式;最后根据转换后特征点云与对应平面点云的重复情况,给出了配准模型的精度公式。实验结果表明该方法精度较高,可以取得较好的点云配准效果,适合于含有大量重复平面特征的点云数据的配准。 相似文献
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This paper presents a multi-feature based system calibration method for estimating the boresight angles of a land-based mobile mapping system (MMS) comprised of multiple two dimensional (2D) scanners. The method invokes a least-squares adjustment (LSA) to simultaneously estimate several sets of boresight angles for multiple laser scanners incorporated in an MMS as well as the parameters associated with one or more types of geometric features. This is achieved by constraining the groups of feature point clouds captured by multiple runs to fit their corresponding geometric models in such a way that the weighted sum of squares of adjustment residuals is minimized. The method is particularly suitable for in situ calibration because the geometric features involved are commonly occurring structures (e.g. building façades, bridge surfaces, highway signs and hanging power cables) that are usually captured during the actual survey. In addition to using a planar feature model for calibration, a novel and rigorous three-dimensional (3D) catenary curve model is proposed for geometric modelling of hanging cables to augment the calibration. The proposed calibrations were examined with several different combinations of groups of planar and catenary features and the resulting analysis suggests that the in situ calibrations are effective when compared to the manufacturer’s dedicated calibration, with the overall point cloud accuracies for plane fitting being 5.5 cm and 5.4 cm for the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. It has been successfully demonstrated that the proposed method can be used in a scene having no building façades but only some long hanging cables and horizontal ground surfaces. This is particularly useful for rural areas or inter-city/provincial highways where building façades cannot commonly be captured. Parameter correlations in the calibrations were also addressed. It has also been shown that using catenary features in addition to planar features for the calibration can help de-correlate some parameters and improve the overall accuracy. The in situ nature and the high flexibility of integrating different features of the calibration make the proposed method straightforward for most end-users. 相似文献
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以激光点云数据和倾斜多视影像为研究对象，提出了一种结合机载点云、地面点云及倾斜多视纹理的融合多源特征的建筑物三维模型重建方法。该方法结合点云面元以及影像边界特征，利用倾斜影像的线特征对顶面及立面模型进行边界规则约束，实现了面元自动拓扑重建；通过交互编辑完成不同复杂程度的建筑模型重建，并对模型进行纹理映射。实验结果表明，该方法能够有效提升城市建筑物三维模型重建的效率和边界精度，为利用多源数据的空地联合建筑物三维精细重建提供了一套切实可行的解决方案。 相似文献
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常规的矢量地图精度校验采用抽样与实地测量，外业工作量大，自动化程度低。针对这一问题，本文提出基于SSW激光点云数据的矢量地图平面精度自动校验方法。首先，使用车载激光扫描器获得道路两侧高精度点云数据，并对点云数据进行滤波、坐标转换和精度检验；其次，基于多特征识别算法，使用SWDY软件提取点云特征点线；最后，利用最近邻法搜索待检矢量图中的同类地物特征点线，并计算匹配点线对的中误差。以兴化城区为试验区，采用该方法检测该地区1：1000比例尺的矢量地图平面精度，试验结果显示，成功匹配了点云数据205个地物特征中的201个，矢量地图的总体中误差为0.26 m，且能够发现待检测矢量地图中的采集丢漏与明显错误。本文方法可以减少现有检测方法的野外实测工作量，增加检测样本数量，降低检测过程中的人为干扰因素，有效提升检测的可靠性与检测效率。 相似文献
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Laser scanning systems have been established as leading tools for the collection of high density three-dimensional data over physical surfaces. The collected point cloud does not provide semantic information about the characteristics of the scanned surfaces. Therefore, different processing techniques have been developed for the extraction of useful information from this data which could be applied for diverse civil, industrial, and military applications. Planar and linear/cylindrical features are among the most important primitive information to be extracted from laser scanning data, especially those collected in urban areas. This paper introduces a new approach for the identification, parameterization, and segmentation of these features from laser scanning data while considering the internal characteristics of the utilized point cloud – i.e., local point density variation and noise level in the dataset. In the first step of this approach, a Principal Component Analysis of the local neighborhood of individual points is implemented to identify the points that belong to planar and linear/cylindrical features and select their appropriate representation model. For the detected planar features, the segmentation attributes are then computed through an adaptive cylinder neighborhood definition. Two clustering approaches are then introduced to segment and extract individual planar features in the reconstructed parameter domain. For the linear/cylindrical features, their directional and positional parameters are utilized as the segmentation attributes. A sequential clustering technique is proposed to isolate the points which belong to individual linear/cylindrical features through directional and positional attribute subspaces. Experimental results from simulated and real datasets demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for the extraction of planar and linear/cylindrical features from laser scanning data. 相似文献
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Ayman F. Habib Ana Paula Kersting Ki-In Bang Ruifang Zhai Mohannad Al-Durgham 《The Photogrammetric Record》2009,24(126):171-195
Lidar (laser scanning) technology has been proven as a prominent technique for the acquisition of high-density and accurate topographic information. Because of systematic errors in the lidar measurements (drifts in the position and orientation information and biases in the mirror angles and ranges) and/or in the parameters relating the system components (mounting parameters), adjacent lidar strips may exhibit discrepancies. Although position and orientation drifts can have a more significant impact, these errors and their impact do not come as a surprise if the quality of the GPS/INS integration process is carefully examined. Therefore, the mounting errors are singled out in this work. The ideal solution for improving the compatibility of neighbouring strips in the presence of errors in the mounting parameters is the implementation of a rigorous calibration procedure. However, such a calibration requires the original observations, which may not be usually available. In this paper, a strip adjustment procedure to improve the compatibility between parallel lidar strips with moderate flight dynamics (for example, acquired by a fixed-wing aircraft) over an area with moderately varying elevation is proposed. The proposed method is similar to the photogrammetric block adjustment of independent models. Instead of point features, planar patches and linear features, which are represented by sets of non-conjugate points, are used for the strip adjustment. The feasibility and the performance of the proposed procedure together with its impact on subsequent activities are illustrated using experimental results from real data. 相似文献
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轨道车辆运行时产生的各种振动导致车体相对于轨道的运行姿态发生变化,提出利用面阵相机和线激光组合的摄影测量方法在线检测车体运行姿态。检测系统安装在车体上可拍摄到轨面的任意位置(3点非共线),选择激光在轨面投影的中点作为参考点,通过标定得到参考点在计算机图像坐标系和车体坐标系中的空间变换关系;车辆运动过程中,面阵相机拍摄线激光在轨面上的投影,将参考点在计算机图像坐标系中的坐标转化为车体坐标系中的坐标;结合参考点在轨面随行坐标系中的坐标特性,解算车体相对于轨道的坐标系转换,建立描述车体相对于轨道实时运行姿态的数学模型;构建检测系统,通过车体振动模拟平台及现场实车试验,验证了检测系统的可靠性。 相似文献