共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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个体轨迹数据已经广泛用于人群活动的研究中。在静止的局部空间开展的活动是个体日常生活的基本元素,在轨迹数据中对应停留部分。因此学者常从轨迹数据中识别停留来研究个体活动信息。然而,轨迹数据的时间采样间隔会对停留识别带来影响。针对该问题,首先提出了一个框架,量化不同持续时间长度的活动在不同时间采样间隔的轨迹数据中被识别为停留的概率。其次,考虑到个体出行网络依赖于停留识别结果,基于该框架,研究分析了时间采样间隔对出行网络分析结果的影响。最后,利用该框架分别对深圳市居民出行调查数据和手机轨迹数据进行了分析。研究表明,在面向人群活动的研究和应用中,该框架能支持时间采样间隔的选择决策和面向活动类型的研究结果评价。 相似文献
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轨迹大数据的关键瓶颈之一是轨迹数据海量的数据规模对轨迹的分析、挖掘和应用的限制，因而各类针对轨迹数据的压缩方法是轨迹大数据研究的重点。现有轨迹压缩算法重视对轨迹数据的单一维度时空特征的保持，而缺乏压缩算法对多维度时空特征影响的研究。本文选取MBR面积误差、距离误差、方向误差、速度误差、压缩率和压缩速度等轨迹数据多维度时空特征，分别从轨迹的几何特征、运动特征和压缩效率3个层面对典型轨迹压缩方法进行评价。同时，为了系统观察轨迹压缩算法在不同压缩尺度上对轨迹时空特征的影响规律，本文采用多个尺度压缩结果的评价方法。研究结果表明，在整体效果上那些考虑了轨迹运动特征的压缩算法（如TD_TR算法）对轨迹的总体时空特征保持较好；并且不同的压缩算法对时空特征的影响总体上具有随着尺度变化的一致性，可见压缩尺度是决定压缩效果的核心因素。 相似文献
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城市活动事件(如文化、娱乐、体育等事件)的规模与影响力是城市经济文化发展的重要体现,其发生的全过程对城市现实空间与赛博空间都会产生巨大影响,从现实空间与赛博空间对城市活动事件的演化感知、动态建模与时空分析,具有重要的理论研究与应用价值。提出了一种结合现实空间交通数据与赛博空间社交媒体数据的城市活动事件时空建模分析方法,从事件进行中的交通轨迹,探测识别与事件显著相关的城市时空区域和交通流,分析现实空间事件热度的时空变化;从事件发生全过程的社交媒体数据中,探测分析赛博空间事件热度的时空变化;通过将现实空间和赛博空间的融合,建立城市活动事件时空模型,刻画事件全过程中城市地理空间与城市行为空间的时空演变特征。以2015年周杰伦"魔天伦2.0"世界巡回演唱会(武汉站)事件为例,采用武汉市出租车GPS轨迹数据和微博数据,对演唱会的事前、事中、事后实现城市地理空间与行为空间全过程建模与时空演变分析,并与单一数据源事件刻画模型进行比较,结果显示本方法能更合理地结合现实空间和赛博空间刻画城市活动事件。 相似文献
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利用轨迹大数据进行城市道路交叉口识别及结构提取 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
交叉口是城市交通路网生成、更新的重要组成部分。本文基于车辆时空轨迹大数据,提出了一种城市交叉口自动识别方法。该方法首先通过轨迹跟踪识别轨迹数据中包含的车辆转向点对;然后基于距离和角度的生长聚类方法进行转向点对的空间聚类,并采用基于局部点连通性的聚类方法识别交叉口;最后利用交叉口范围圆和转向点对提取城市各级别路网下的交叉口结构。以武汉市出租车轨迹大数据为例,对武汉市城区内189个交叉口进行了探测。试验结果表明,本文所提方法可以准确地从轨迹大数据中识别出城市交叉口及其结构。 相似文献
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出租车轨迹数据挖掘进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大数据、物联网与精密定位技术的发展推动了城市感知的进步。随着社会活动的与日俱增,出租车轨迹数据不仅记录了出租车的行车轨迹,还蕴藏着道路交通状态、城市居民出行规律、城市结构及其他社会问题。通过各种数据分析与挖掘手段对出租车轨迹数据进行深入探究,对于智能交通、城市规划等有着重要意义。本文综述了近十年国内外基于出租车轨迹大数据的相关研究,按照空间统计方法、时间序列方法、图论与网络方法及机器学习方法等4类,详细阐述各类方法的研究现状。随后,本文分析了现有研究的应用领域、热点主题和发展趋势。最后,本文指出了出租车轨迹数据挖掘研究领域面临的挑战和未来研究方向。 相似文献
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着眼于低频浮动车轨迹数据,对地图匹配问题进行了抽象,并分析了影响匹配结果的几何约束与拓扑约束。针对GPS采样的低频性和城市路网的复杂性,提出了一种路网拓扑约束下的增量型地图匹配算法（topology-constrained incremental matching algorithm,TIM）。选取北京市浮动车的GPS样例轨迹数据进行匹配,结果表明,该匹配算法在不同复杂程度的城市路网下均表现较好。 相似文献
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With the increasing availability of location-aware devices, passively collected big GPS trajectory data offer new opportunities for analyzing human mobility. Processing big GPS trajectory data, especially extracting information from billions of trajectory points and assigning information to corresponding road segments in road networks, is a challenging but necessary task for researchers to take full advantage of big data. In this research, we propose an Apache Spark and Sedona-based computing framework that is capable of estimating traffic speeds for statewide road networks from GPS trajectory data. Taking advantage of spatial resilient distributed datasets supported by Sedona, the framework provides high computing efficiency while using affordable computing resources for map matching and waypoint gap filling. Using a mobility dataset of 126 million trajectory points collected in California, and a road network inclusive of all road types, we computed hourly speed estimates for approximately 600,000 segments across the state. Comparing speed estimates for freeway segments with speed limits, our speed estimates showed that speeding on freeways occurred mostly during the nighttime, while analysis of travel on residential roads showed that speeds were relatively stable over the 24-h period. 相似文献
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Lucas May Petry Carlos Andres Ferrero Luis Otavio Alvares Chiara Renso Vania Bogorny 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(5):960-975
The large amount of semantically rich mobility data becoming available in the era of big data has led to a need for new trajectory similarity measures. In the context of multiple‐aspect trajectories, where mobility data are enriched with several semantic dimensions, current state‐of‐the‐art approaches present some limitations concerning the relationships between attributes and their semantics. Existing works are either too strict, requiring a match on all attributes, or too flexible, considering all attributes as independent. In this article we propose MUITAS, a novel similarity measure for a new type of trajectory data with heterogeneous semantic dimensions, which takes into account the semantic relationship between attributes, thus filling the gap of the current trajectory similarity methods. We evaluate MUITAS over two real datasets of multiple‐aspect social media and GPS trajectories. With precision at recall and clustering techniques, we show that MUITAS is the most robust measure for multiple‐aspect trajectories. 相似文献
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Revisiting the death of geography in the era of Big Data: the friction of distance in cyberspace and real space 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many scholars have argued that the importance of geographic proximity in human interactions has been diminished by the use of the Internet, while others disagree with this argument. Studies have noted the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, showing that interactions occur with an inverse relationship between the number of interactions and the distance between the locations of the interactors. However, these studies rarely provide strong evidence to show the influence of distance on interactions in cyberspace, nor do they quantify the differences in the amount of friction of distance between cyberspace and real space. To fill this gap, this study used massive amounts of social media data (Twitter) to compare the influence of distance decay on human interactions between cyberspace and real space in a quantitative manner. To estimate the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, the distance decay function of interactions in each space was modeled. Estimating the distance decay in cyberspace in this study can help predict the degree of information flow across space through social media. Measuring how far ideas can be diffused through social media is useful for users of location-based services, policy advocates, public health officials, and political campaigners. 相似文献
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充分利用出租车GPS时空轨迹数据分布广和时效性强的特点,提出一种基于车载GPS轨迹数据的路网拓扑自动变化检测新方法。该方法首先利用向量相似性度量模型,度量GPS轨迹向量与路网局部拓扑向量之间的相似性,检测疑似道路拓扑变化点,然后通过比较疑似道路拓扑变化点与路网拓扑关系,完成新增、废弃、改建等道路变化,实现基于车载GPS轨迹的路网拓扑自动变化检测。实验结果表明,该方法不仅有效地检测出道路新增、道路废弃与道路改扩建等变化,而且能利用出租车实时和大范围分布特点来实现城市路网大范围实时变化检测。 相似文献
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Ubiquitous taxi trajectory data has made it possible to apply it to different types of travel analysis. Of interest is the need to allow someone to monitor travel momentum and associated congestion in any location in space in real time. However, despite an abundant literature in taxi data visualization and its applicability to travel analysis, no easy method exists. To measure taxi travel momentum at a location, current methods require filtering taxi trajectories that stop at a location at a particular time range, which is computationally expensive. We propose an alternative, computationally cheaper way based on preprocessing vector fields from the trajectories. Algorithms are formalized for generating vector kernel density to estimate a travel-model-free vector field-based representation of travel momentum in an urban space. The algorithms are shared online as an open source GIS 3D extension called VectorKD. Using 17 million daily taxi GPS points within Beijing over a 4-day period, we demonstrate how to generate in real time a series of projections from a continuously updated vector field of taxi travel momentum to query a point of interest anywhere in a city, such as the CBD or the airport. This method allows a policy-maker to automatically identify temporal net influxes of travel demand to a location. The proposed methodology is shown to be over twenty times faster than a conventional selection query of trajectories. We also demonstrate, using taxi data entering the Beijing Capital International Airport and the CBD, how we can quantify in nearly real time the occurrence and magnitude of inbound or outbound queueing and congestion periods due to taxis cruising or waiting for passengers, all without having to fit any mathematical queueing model to the data. 相似文献