共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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季节性冻结与消融的湖冰是气候变化的重要指示器。本文以兴凯湖为例,基于1979年—2019年的被动微波遥感数据获取了兴凯湖的冻融日期,用2000年—2019年的中等分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)数据进行了验证,并用气候数据分析了湖冰物候变化的原因。结果表明被动微波与MODIS遥感数据在湖冰物候提取方面具有较好的一致性,也即MODIS的验证结果表明用低频被动微波亮度温度数据获取湖冰物候的方法是可行的,结果也是可靠的。平均而言,兴凯湖湖冰每年11-13左右开始冻结,11-23左右完全冻结,湖冰冻结持续时间9.80 d;次年04-23左右湖冰开始消融,04-30左右湖冰完全消融,消融持续时间8.03 d;湖冰完全封冻时间150.50 d,湖冰覆盖时间168.03 d。过去41 a,兴凯湖开始冻结日期没有明显变化,完全冻结日期平均推后了0.19 d/a,开始消融日期和完全消融日期分别提前了0.16 d/a和0.13 d/a,湖泊完全封冻时间和湖冰覆盖时间分别缩短了12.71 d和2.87 d。湖冰冻结日期推后与风速增大密切相关,消融日期提前和湖冰持续时间缩短与气温升高显著相关。 相似文献
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湖冰是对气候变化十分敏感的冰冻圈水文变量,起到调节区域气候和湖泊生态系统的作用,并作为一种自然资源服务于冰上生产生活。湖冰覆盖和湖冰厚度是研究湖冰过程的关键变量,目前大多数湖冰研究集中在湖冰覆盖领域,湖冰厚度领域由于缺乏实测资料和专门的遥感观测平台还存在诸多空白,大量缺资料地区湖冰厚度仍处于未知状态,亟待方法和数据上的突破与创新。本文综述了近20年国内外湖冰厚度遥感反演领域的进展,介绍了各类反演方法的原理机理及主要优缺点,其中被动微波遥感方法具有良好的时间分辨率但空间分辨率较粗,难以覆盖中小型湖泊;基于SAR影像的主动微波方法空间分辨率较高但物理机制复杂,可靠性有待进一步验证;基于测高雷达的主动微波方法观测时段较长,物理机制明确,易于拓展到无实测资料湖泊,但空间覆盖相对有限;热红外遥感方法时空分辨率较好,但容易受云和湖冰表面积雪的影响,反演精度和可靠性有待提升。在此基础上,本文分析湖冰厚度遥感反演领域面临的主要挑战和发展方向包括：（1）厘清湖冰表面积雪相关的物理过程;（2）实现大范围实测冰厚和遥感资料的集成;（3）实现多源遥感冰厚反演方法的交叉融合。 相似文献
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植被物候遥感监测研究进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
植被物候是研究植被与气候、环境变化间关系的重要参量。本文针对目前常用的阈值法、拟合法和延迟滑动平均法等植被物候遥感监测方法进行比较分析;介绍了传感器网络法、物候模型法等物候遥感监测验证方法;从遥感监测方法和数据源两方面分析物候遥感监测的误差来源;针对目前研究中存在的问题,讨论了遥感物候的主要研究方向:从机理层面,应创新植被物候遥感监测方法;建立标准化地面验证数据源;利用多源遥感数据,组成高时间分辨率的原始遥感数据源,提高植被物候遥感监测的时间分辨率和测算精度。 相似文献
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基于多时相图谱的青藏高原湖泊变化检测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多期遥感影像,对青藏高原南羌塘地区纳木错湖泊流域北部进行解译,提取了多时相地学信息图谱,发现1992-2005年间,湖泊面积扩张且整体变化呈加快趋势。分析了研究区内典型湖泊的变化特征,确定了稳定增加的湖泊面积。通过多时相地学信息图谱检测的变化信息与区内多年气象数据的复合分析,探讨了湖泊变化与气候变化的响应关系。 相似文献
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Google Earth Engine云平台及植被遥感案例研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植被物候是全球变化的敏感指示器,对陆表物质和能量交换产生显著影响.植被物候遥感分析存在数据收集困难、提取方法实现复杂等问题,谷歌地球云计算平台(Google Earth Engine,GEE)为基于遥感大数据的物候分析提供了有利条件.本文分析了GEE平台的数据源、开发接口和应用场景,然后基于GEE中的长时序植被指数数据集NDVI3g,在像素级别采用导数法提取分析了中国东北地区的植被物候变化情况,发现该区域春季返青期推迟,秋季衰落期提前.实验说明了基于GEE进行复杂地学计算的可行性和适用性,但是在算法验证方面存在改进的空间. 相似文献
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本文利用多源遥感数据从不同空间尺度对2004年至2012年间北极地区新冰进行了提取并对其范围变化进行了分析。统计分析结果表明,北极海冰总体覆盖面积与北极近地表气温的变化呈反比;新冰覆盖面积的变化与海冰总面积的变化相比较缓慢;北极各个区域新冰覆盖范围的变化与各区域近地表温度的变化有较大的关联。 相似文献
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准确量测高海拔山区的植物物候对理解全球变化下的敏感生态系统的响应具有重要意义。利用物候相机和遥感技术开展物候信息的提取和对比,既能准确评估物候相机在山区植物物候提取的性能,又可为山区遥感物候数据反演提供重要参考。利用中国新疆维吾尔自治区天山山区人工观测、物候相机和遥感数据,测试了5种曲线拟合方式与4种物候参数提取方法的20种组合的物候参数提取结果,对比了3种数据在物候信息提取结果的异同。结果表明:（1）植物物候相机能在天山山区草地物候观测中提供高时间分辨率的绿度变化信息,是山区开展物候观测并验证遥感物候数据的有效手段。（2）山区雨雪天气等对相对绿度指数产生较强噪声影响,需要选择合适的滤波器进行去噪。（3）曲线拟合方式和物候提取方法均对物候参数数值产生影响。而提取方法可产生更明显的差异性,其中,阈值法和导数法提取的物候数值相近,开始期与人工观测的返青期一致性较好,停止期与枯黄期一致性较好;而Klosterman方法和Gu方法提取物候数值相近,提取的开始期与人工观测的返青末期一致性较好,停止期与人工观测的枯黄末期一致性较好。（4）20种不同滤波+提取方法的组合形式在山区遥感数据物候信息提取的有效性仅为48%,中分辨率成像光谱仪数据的最有效提取方法为Beck+Derivatives组合,可见光红外成像辐射套件数据的最优提取方法为Beck+Threshold组合和Elmore+Derivatives组合。 相似文献
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近20年西昆仑地区冰川动态变化遥感研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据西昆仑地区1991-2009年Landsat TM/ETM+遥感图像,获取近20 a西昆仑地区冰川及其冰川融水形成的郭扎错和阿克赛钦湖的动态变化信息,并结合气候资料,分区域综合分析冰川、湖泊变化与气候变化的关系.研究结果表明:①在1991-2009年间,西昆仑冰川有显著变化,但东、西区存在较大差异.其中东区处于先减少,后增加,再减少的波动状态,而西区则处于持续减少状态.与此同时,郭扎错具有先扩大,后缩小,再扩大的变化现象,而阿克赛钦湖则在不断地缩小.②西昆仑冰川与郭扎错、阿克赛钦湖之间,存在着重要的相互作用关系,在数量上成反比.③在2000-2005年间,西昆仑冰川与湖泊面积变化差异产生的主要原因是温度,随着温度的升高,冰川面积减少,湖泊面积增大,三者的变化具有线性关系. 相似文献
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Variations in the Ice Phenology and Water Level of Ayakekumu Lake,Tibetan Plateau,Derived from MODIS and Satellite Altimetry Data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jun Chen YongFeng Wang LiGuo Cao Jiajia Zheng 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(10):1689-1699
The alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are highly sensitive to variations in climate changes, and the lake ice phenology and water level are considered to be direct indicators of regional climate variability. In this study, we first used 14 years of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer snow cover products to analyse the freeze dates, ablation dates, and ice coverage durations. The lake level changes during 2002–2015 were estimated, derived from satellite altimetry and Hydroweb data. Unexpectedly, the freeze dates of lake ice greatly advanced, and the ablation dates were markedly delayed. The complete freezing duration lengthened by approximately 77 days. As a result of the warm-wet climate in the northern TP, the lake area expanded from 770 to 995 km2 during 2002–2015, and the water levels rose by 4.2 m in total, at a rate of 0.3 m/year. The progressive expansion of Ayakekumu Lake profoundly affected the ice phenology. Larger water volume with larger thermal capacity likely led to the delaying of ablation dates, with the freezing point depression caused by decreasing salinity. Some new narrow and shallow bays located in southern and eastern Ayakekumu Lake were conducive to early freezing of ice. Additionally, the changes in air temperature, precipitation, potential evaporation, and sunshine duration may be related to the prolonged ice cover duration since 2002. In sum, accurate measurements of lake ice and water levels are critical for understanding the water resource balance and hydrologic cycle in arid or semi-arid regions of China. 相似文献
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Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are key indicators of climate change and climate variability. The increasing availability of remote sensing techniques with appropriate spatiotemporal resolutions, broad coverage and low costs allows for effective monitoring lake changes on the TP and surroundings and understanding climate change impacts, particularly in remote and inaccessible areas where there are lack of in situ observations. This paper firstly introduces characteristics of Tibetan lakes, and outlines available satellite observation platforms and different remote sensing water-body extraction algorithms. Then, this paper reviews advances in applying remote sensing methods for various lake environment monitoring, including lake surface extent and water level, glacial lake and potential outburst floods, lake ice phenology, geological or geomorphologic evidences of lake basins, with a focus on the trends and magnitudes of lake area and water-level change and their spatially and temporally heterogeneous patterns. Finally we discuss current uncertainties or accuracy of detecting lake area and water-level changes from multi-source satellite data and on-going challenges in mapping characteristics of glacial lakes using remote sensing. Based on previous studies on the relationship between lake variation and climate change, it is inferred that the climate-driven mechanisms of lake variations on the TP still remain unclear and require further research. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):534-549
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau plays an important role in global climate and environmental change and holds the largest lake area in China, with a total surface area of 36,900 km2. The expansion and shrinkage of these lakes are critical to the water cycle and ecological and environmental systems across the plateau. In this paper, surface areas of major lakes within the plateau were extracted based on a topographic map from 1970, and Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ satellite images from the 1970s to 2008. Then, a multivariate correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the changes in lake surface areas and the changes in climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and sunshine duration. Initial results suggest that the variations in lake surface areas within the plateau are closely related to the warming, humidified climate transition in recent years such as the rise of air temperature and the increase in precipitation. In particular, the rising temperature accelerates melting of glaciers and perennial snow cover and triggers permafrost degradation, and leads to the expansion of most lakes across the plateau. In addition, different distributions and types of permafrost may cause different lake variations in the southern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(11):881-896
Satellite-based remote sensed phenology has been widely used to assess global climate change. However, it is constrained by uncertain linkages with photosynthesis activity. Two dynamic threshold methods were employed to retrieve spring phenology metrics from four Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products, including fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) for three temperate deciduous broadleaf forests in North America between 2001 and 2009. These MODIS-based spring phenology metrics were subsequently linked to the photosynthetic curves (daily gross primary productivity, GPP) measured by an eddy covariance flux tower. The 20% dynamic threshold spring onset metrics from MODIS products were closer to the photosynthesis onset metrics at the date of 2% GPP increase for NDVI and fAPAR, and closer to the date of 5% and 10% increase of GPP for EVI and LAI, respectively. The 50% dynamic threshold onset metrics were closer to the photosynthesis onset metrics at the date of 10% GPP increase for NDVI, and closer to the date of 20% GPP increase for fAPAR, LAI and EVI, respectively. These results can improve our knowledge on the photosynthesis activity status of remotely sensed spring phenology metrics. 相似文献
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青藏高原特殊的地理及其气候环境适合冰湖变化研究。传统的方法由于受到冻湖、冰川以及山体的阴影的影响,提取冰湖边界时会出现大量的错分和误分。本文基于NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index,水体指数法)、DEM(数字高程模型)、RGI(Randolph Glacier Inventory)6.0全球冰川编目数据提出针对不同状态下的冰湖边界提取的分类叠加提取方法。结果表明,分类叠加提取方法能够实现未结冰、半结冰以及全结冰三种状态下的冰湖边界提取,并且能减少冰川以及山体阴影的影响,使用该方法提取三种状态下的冰湖的错分和漏分误差均小于2%且Kappa系数均大于0.81。 相似文献
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湖泊提供重要的生产生活用水,在维系生态安全方面发挥显著的价值。中国地理环境复杂多样,湖泊类型各异,不同湖区间的湖泊时空变化特征及驱动机制复杂。两次全国湖泊调查是国家尺度的湖泊变化监测的开创性工作,近年来伴随遥感数据源的海量积累和湖泊遥感提取方法的快速发展,大尺度湖泊水体变化遥感监测研究取得了长足的发展。然而,由于人工判读、湖泊类型判别依据和遥感数据源时相的差异,湖泊水体遥感提取结果及面积估算存在不同程度的出入。首先,本文总结了现有全国尺度湖泊监测研究的遥感数据源、方法和结果,分析了不同研究分析结果差异的可能原因。其次,本文基于1980s—2010s时段Landsat影像制图的湖泊水淹频率数据集的最大水域范围信息,提取并生成了全国湖泊新编目,以其作为该时段内湖泊判定和水体变化监测空间约束的统一参照,避免了因遥感数据时相与年际、年内湖泊水域范围波动对遥感提取结果及湖泊面积计算带来的差异。最后,本文从湖泊水淹范围频度的统计角度,初次提出了可体现湖泊面积年内与年际变化情况的统计指标——概率等效面积,用于监测和指示湖泊水域动态。结果表明,近30年来,中国有3741个最大水域范围大于1 km2的湖泊,总面积约93723 km2,其中青藏高原湖区的湖泊数量约占全国三分之一,总面积超过了全国的一半。全国湖泊总面积呈显著上升趋势,不同湖区的变化趋势差异明显:青藏高原湖区和新疆湖区湖泊面积显著上升,东部平原湖区、内蒙古高原湖区和云贵高原湖区显著下降,东北平原与山地湖区波动式变化、趋势不显著。研究结果总体表明中国湖泊水资源的时空不平衡状况在加剧。 相似文献
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Snow effects on alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):58-75
Understanding the relationships between snow and vegetation is important for interpretation of the responses of alpine ecosystems to climate changes. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is regarded as an ideal area due to its undisturbed features with low population and relatively high snow cover. We used 500 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets during 2001–2010 to examine the snow–vegetation relationships, specifically, (1) the influence of snow melting date on vegetation green-up date and (2) the effects of snow cover duration on vegetation greenness. The results showed that the alpine vegetation responded strongly to snow phenology (i.e., snow melting date and snow cover duration) over large areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Snow melting date and vegetation green-up date were significantly correlated (p < 0.1) in 39.9% of meadow areas (accounting for 26.2% of vegetated areas) and 36.7% of steppe areas (28.1% of vegetated areas). Vegetation growth was influenced by different seasonal snow cover durations (SCDs) in different regions. Generally, the December–February and March–May SCDs played a significantly role in vegetation growth, both positively and negatively, depending on different water source regions. Snow's positive impact on vegetation was larger than the negative impact. 相似文献