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1.
机载激光雷达技术(LiDAR)作为一项先进的遥感技术,是植被覆盖区DEM获取的重要手段之一,而不同地形坡度条件及点云密度对DEM产品质量有重要影响。本文以辽宁省某市的机载LiDAR数据为基础,选取5种不同地形坡度的点云数据,通过随机、等间距及基于曲率3种不同的点云抽稀方法,按照点云保留率为80%、60%、40%、20%和10%共5个不同梯度的抽稀倍数对原始点云进行抽稀简化处理,生成与之对应的DEM并对其进行精度评价,以此研究地形坡度、点云抽稀方法、抽稀倍数对DEM精度的影响。结果表明,DEM精度与地形坡度呈负相关关系,即RMSE随地形坡度升高不断增加;基于曲率的抽稀方法在地形坡度＞30°时,相较于其他两种方法RMSE较小,具有明显优势;40%的点云保留率是平衡DEM精度与数据存储效率的一个节点,当点云保留率<40%时,DEM的高程RMSE会迅速增大。该研究对于利用机载LiDAR进行大范围DEM生产具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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针对DEM高程中误差评价指标的不足,提出了一种基于填挖方分析的DEM精度评价模型以及计算方法,将DEM填挖方误差Ec定义为待评价DEM与参考DEM在同一区域的三维体积差异和与该区域面积之商。探究了DEM填挖方误差和DEM分辨率R以及地形平均坡度S之间的关系,得到DEM填挖方误差的定量估算模型为Ec=0.004 8·R·S。实验表明,模型估算精度达95.85%以上。该模型为在不同地形条件下,确定满足限差要求的DEM分辨率提供了依据。 相似文献
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MARILYN O RUIZ 《Transactions in GIS》1997,2(1):85-94
Users of GIS are faced with the ongoing and difficult problem of estimating the validity of a GIS output given the uncertainty of the quality of digital mapped data. This research project examines the manner in which error from a digital elevation model (DEM) results in error in an estimate of a viewshed. The data set includes two DEMs for the same study area. A 10-metre DEM serves as the control model to test a United States Geological Survey (USGS) DEM. The amount and spatial pattern of the error in the test DEM is determined by comparing it to the control DEM. A viewshed analysis is then performed at a set of 61 sites. After determining the relative accuracy of the viewsheds thus estimated, a causal model of viewshed error is developed, which links the sources of the DEM error with the error in the viewshed. The most important factor in DEM error is terrain roughness. The error in the viewsheds is a result of the error being propagated from the DEM, with landscape characteristics of the viewpoinr playing a role due to their effect on the error in the DEM. The conceptual path model developed sets the stage for a quancitative approach that will attempt to predict viewshed error from the landscape characteristics without direct knowledge of the error in the DEM. 相似文献
5.
Determination of complexity factor and its relationship with accuracy of representation for DEM terrain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the estimating rule of the normal vector angles between two adjacent terrain units, we use the concept of terrain
complexity factor to quantify the terrain complexity of DEM, and then the formula of terrain complexity factor in Raster DEM
and TIN DEM is deduced theoretically. In order to make clear how the terrain complexity factor E
CF
and the average elevation h affect the accuracy of DEM terrain representation RMSE
Et
, the formula of Gauss synthetical surface is applied to simulate several real terrain surfaces, each of which has different
terrain complexity. Through the statistical analysis of linear regression in simulation data, the linear equation between
accuracy of DEM terrain representation RMSE
Et
, terrain complexity factor E
CF
and the average elevation h is achieved. A new method is provided to estimate the accuracy of DEM terrain representation RMSE
Et
with a certain terrain complexity and it gives convincing theoretical evidence for DEM production and the corresponding error
research in the future. 相似文献
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Existing research on DEM vertical accuracy assessment uses mainly statistical methods, in particular variance and RMSE which are both based on the error propagation theory in statistics. This article demonstrates that error propagation theory is not applicable because the critical assumption behind it cannot be satisfied. In fact, the non‐random, non‐normal, and non‐stationary nature of DEM error makes it very challenging to apply statistical methods. This article presents approximation theory as a new methodology and illustrates its application to DEMs created by linear interpolation using contour lines as the source data. Applying approximation theory, a DEM's accuracy is determined by the largest error of any point (not samples) in the entire study area. The error at a point is bounded by max(|δnode|+M2h2/8) where |δnode| is the error in the source data used to interpolate the point, M2 is the maximum norm of the second‐order derivative which can be interpreted as curvature, and h is the length of the line on which linear interpolation is conducted. The article explains how to compute each term and illustrates how this new methodology based on approximation theory effectively facilitates DEM accuracy assessment and quality control. 相似文献
8.
基于Coons曲面的规则格网DEM表面模型 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
内插是数字高程模型的核心问题。目前的内插模型主要是由离散的格网数据构建的连续曲面,直接以点推面,可能存在较大的地形误差。本文建立的Coons曲面DEM表面模型,首先利用离散的格网数据构造与格网边界相对应的地形剖面曲线的拟合曲线,再基于拟合曲线构建DEM表面模型。实验表明：Coons曲面DEM表面模型是一种高精度的DEM表面模型,其地形模拟误差比直接基于格网数据建立的双线性内插、样条函数内插和移动曲面拟合法的误差都小,实际地形模拟误差与双线性模型相比减少15％-28％,且精度随着构建边界拟合曲线所用格网点的增多而逐渐提高。 相似文献
9.
A reference digital elevation model (DEM), produced from contour lines digitization, from topographic maps at scale 1:250.000 is used in order to assess the vertical accuracy of the SRTM DTED level 1 in Crete Island in Southern Greece. The error image interpretation revealed three types of systematic errors: (a) stripping, (b) large voids and (c) those errors resulted from the mis-registration of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) imagery to the local datum. Terrain was segmented to plane regions and sloping regions. Sloping regions were segmented to aspect regions (aspect being standardized to the eight geographic directions defined in a raster/grid image). Error statistics was computed for the study area as well as the individual terrain classes. Vertical accuracy was found to be terrain class dependent. Sloping regions present greater mean error than the plane ones. Statistical tests verified that the difference in mean error between aspect regions that slope in opposite geographic directions is statistically significant. The greater mean error is observed for SW, W and NW aspect regions. The additional finishing steps applied to the SRTM dataset were not sufficient enough for the systematic errors and the terrain class dependency of the error to be corrected. The observed root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the SRTM DTED-1 of Crete do not fulfil the 16 m RMSE specification for the SRTM mission while the USA national map accuracy standards for the scale 1:250.000 are satisfied. 相似文献
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Effect of Contour Intervals and Grid Cell Size on the Accuracy of DEMs and Slope Derivatives 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Feras M Ziadat 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(1):67-81
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are indispensable tools in many environmental and natural resource applications. DEMs are frequently derived from contour lines. The accuracy of such DEMs depends on different factors. This research investigates the effect of sampling density used to derive contours, vertical interval between contours (spacing), grid cell size of the DEM (resolution), terrain complexity, and spatial filtering on the accuracy of the DEM and the slope derivative. The study indicated different alternatives to achieve an acceptable accuracy depending on the contour interval, the DEM resolution and the complexity of the terrain. The effect of these factors on the accuracy of the DEM and the slope derivative was quantified using models that determine the level of accuracy (RMSE). The implementation of the models will guide users to select the best combination to improve the results in areas with similar topography. For areas with variable terrain complexity, the suggestion is to generate DEMs and slope at a suitable resolution for each terrain separately and then to merge the results to produce one final layer for the whole area. This will provide accurate estimates of elevation and slope, and subsequently improve the analyses that rely on these digital derivatives. 相似文献
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为了评价国产资源三号测绘卫星DSM数据精度,在顾及地貌类型的情况下,以涵盖平原、台地、丘陵等地貌的高海拔山区为研究案例,并以1∶1万实测地形图DEM为假定真值,以90m分辨率SRTM DEM为评价参照,从高程精度和地形描述精度两个方面,对15m分辨率ZY-3DSM进行精度评价分析。研究结果表明:ZY-3DSM高程精度优于SRTM DEM,前者高程中误差仅为后者的1/6;就地形描述精度来讲,ZY-3DSM与SRTM DEM相比,其地形描述精度更接近理论值,前者RMS Et实际值仅为理论值0.99倍,而后者的实际值却是理论值5.13倍。由此看来,ZY-3DSM数据精度整体上高于SRTM DEM。 相似文献
14.
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are a necessary dataset for modelling the Earth’s surface; however, all DEMs contain error. Researchers can reduce this error using DEM fusion techniques since numerous DEMs can be available for a region. However, the use of a clustering algorithm in DEM fusion has not been previously reported. In this study a new DEM fusion algorithm based on a clustering approach that works on multiple DEMs to exploit consistency in the estimates as indicators of accuracy and precision is presented. The fusion approach includes slope and elevation thresholding, k-means clustering of the elevation estimates at each cell location, as well as filtering and smoothing of the fusion product. Corroboration of the input DEMs, and the products of each step of the fusion algorithm, with a higher accuracy reference DEM enabled a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of the DEM fusion algorithm. The main findings of the research were: the k-means clustering of the elevations reduced the precision which also impacted the overall accuracy of the estimates; the number of final cluster members and the standard deviation of elevations before clustering both had a strong relationship to the error in the k-means estimates. 相似文献
15.
利用主成分分析揭示变量之间关系的特性,进而提出一种既能保证较高精度又能较好地保持地形形态特征的DEM格网聚合方法。首先根据主成分变换模型推导DEM格网聚合数学公式,构建主成分聚合模型;然后以30m分辨率DEM转换为90m分辨率DEM为例,根据格网点属性间的权重关系聚合重构DEM。在此基础上,以均值聚合和双线性重采样聚合方法为比较对象,从聚合前后的检查点高程偏差的统计描述、空间分布与自相关性、地形形态保持程度方面分析3种聚合策略下重构DEM的误差特性。最后运用描述统计、半变异分析和等高线套合方法,定量评价主成分聚合重构DEM的质量效果。试验分析结果表明,同均值聚合和重采样聚合相比较,该方法重构的DEM既能保持较高精度,又能很好地保持地形形态特征。 相似文献
16.
Akira Hirano Roy Welch Harold Lang 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2003,57(5-6):356
The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on-board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Terra spacecraft provides along-track digital stereo image data at 15-m resolution. As part of ASTER digital elevation model (DEM) accuracy evaluation efforts by the US/Japan ASTER Science Team, stereo image data for four study sites around the world have been employed to validate prelaunch estimates of heighting accuracy. Automated stereocorrelation procedures were implemented using the Desktop Mapping System (DMS) software on a personal computer to derive DEMs with 30- to 150-m postings. Results indicate that a root-mean-square error (RMSE) in elevation between ±7 and ±15 m can be achieved with ASTER stereo image data of good quality. An evaluation of an ASTER DEM data product produced at the US Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) yielded an RMSE of ±8.6 m. Overall, the ability to extract elevations from ASTER stereopairs using stereocorrelation techniques meets expectations. 相似文献
17.
This paper reports an investigation into the generalization of a grid-based digital elevation model (DEM) for the purpose of terrain analysis. The focus is on the method of restructuring the grid-based surface elevation data to form a triangulated irregular network (TIN) that is optimized to keep the important terrain features and slope morphology with the minimum number of sample points. The critical points of the terrain surface are extracted from the DEM based on their significance, measured not only by their local relief, but also by their importance in identifying inherent geomorphological and drainage features in the DEM. A compound method is proposed by integrating the traditional point-additive and feature-point methods to construct a drainage-constrained TIN. The outcome is then compared with those derived from other selected methods including filtering, point-additive or feature-point algorithms. The results show that the compound approach is capable of taking advantage of both point-additive and feature-point algorithms to maximally keep the terrain features and to maintain RMSE at an acceptable level, while reducing the elevation data points by over 99%. The analytical result also shows that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods with better control in retaining drainage features at the same level of RMSE. 相似文献
18.
Pratima Pandey Surendar Manickam Avik Bhattacharya AL. Ramanathan Gulab Singh G. Venkataraman 《国际地球制图》2017,32(4):442-454
Glaciers have a high impact in the socio-economic sectors including water supply, energy production, flood and avalanches. A high precision digital elevation model (DEM) is required to monitor glaciers and to study various glacier processes. The present study deals with the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the DEM generated from the bistatic TanDEM-X data by comparing it with GPS, Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data and standard global DEMs such as Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global DEM (ASTER GDEM). The study area consists of highly undulating glaciated terrain in western Himalaya, India. The results reveal that TanDEM-X is slightly better than SRTM both qualitatively and quantitatively, whereas ASTER GDEM showing maximum discrepancy among the three DEMs. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the TanDEM-X DEM with respect to GPS is 3.5 m at lower relief and 11.9 m at glaciated terrain, against 6.7 and 12.5 m for SRTM and 9.3 and 19.8 m for ASTER GDEM, respectively, for the same sites. On an average, for the whole study area, the RMSE of TanDEM-X is 7.9 m, SRTM is 9.3 m and ASTER GDM is 14.2 m. The RMSE of TanDEM-X, SRTM and ASTER GDEM with respect to ICESat are 16.3, 19.9 and 101.1 m, respectively. It is evident from the analysis that though SRTM is closer to TanDEM-X in terms of accuracy in the mountainous terrain, however, TanDEM-X will be more useful for studying glacier dynamics and topography. 相似文献
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针对数字高程模型数据源不同会带来一定的不确定性和差异性的问题,选取德国某露天矿为实验区,以高精度DEM数据TanDEM-X为参照,对比了SRTM、AW3D30、ASTER GDEM与TanDEM-X数据的高程精度,分析了DEM数据的差异。结果表明:(1)露天矿区的开采和复垦活动明显地体现在了不同时期获取的DEM高程变化中;(2)在非采矿区,不同DEM数据之间具有较好的一致性,TanDEM-X数据与其他数据的高差均方根误差分别为2.64 m、5.88 m、2.99 m;(3)DEM空间分辨率越高提取得到坡度最值越大,地形描述准确性越高。研究结果为露天矿区DEM应用提供参考。 相似文献
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XU Junfeng HUANG Jingfeng 《地球空间信息科学学报》2006,9(2):108-111
IKONOS image has been wildly used in city planning, precision agriculture and emergence response. However, the accuracy of IKONOS Geo product is limited due to distortion caused by terrain relief. Orthorectification was performed to remove the distortion and the impact of different DEM on orthorectification were evaluated. 38 ground control points （GCPs） and 25 independent check points （ICPs） were collected. DEMs were generated from 1 ： 10 000 and 1 ： 50 000 topographic maps. Results show that RMS error at the check points is 1. 554 0 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 10 000 topographic map, which can meet the accuracy requirement of IKONOS Precision product （1.9 m RMSE）. While RMS error is 2. 572 4 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 50 000 topographic map. 相似文献