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1.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):431-450
Typhoons are usually accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain, storm surges and other disastrous events, and they are the most severe weather phenomena in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean. Visualisation is a key technology for analysing and presenting climate simulations and observations together with related social and ecological data. Virtual globes are a logical platform for visualising such geospatial data via the Internet. To implement interactive visualisation of typhoon data within virtual globes, this study provides a 3D texture-mapping algorithm to render volume textures on a globe. In addition, a systematic framework is proposed in which a hierarchical octree-based multiresolution data structure is implemented to organise the large volume dataset, and a graphics processing unit-based dynamic interpolation approach is proposed to obtain a smooth effect. Finally, the structure is combined with a level of detail strategy to enable the rendering of dynamic volumetric data at an acceptable interactive frame rate. To demonstrate the capabilities of this framework, data for a simulated typhoon event were rendered in World Wind, an open-source virtual globe. The experimental results demonstrate that the application of the proposed strategies can result in an interactive visualisation performance that renders typhoon data on virtual globes. 相似文献
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通过分析三维场景实时渲染中视点无关与视点相关地形生成算法的性能,提出了优化的视点相关地形生成算法。此算法主要针对地形拆分、可视精度计算、观察视点距离计算、以及地形可见性裁剪这4个方面的策略做出了详细的阐述。并以渲染精度为衡量标准,通过实验对比分析了优化后的视点相关地形生成算法与视点无关地形生成算法的性能。除此之外,以渲染效率为标准,通过实验分析对比了优化后的视点相关地形生成算法与原视点相关地形生成算法的性能,并给出了一个运用此优化算法构建的三维地形模型。 相似文献
3.
Shunli Wang Qingwu Hu Pengcheng Zhao Honggang Yang Xuan Wu Mingyao Ai Xujie Zhang 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(1):198-223
3D real scenes are a digital virtual space that represents and portrays the real world in a photorealistic, three-dimensional, and sequential manner. Existing methods for constructing and updating 3D models, such as oblique photography and laser scanning, are difficult to meet the demand of perceiving the real world intuitively, dynamically, and in real time. In recent years, the method of integrating rapidly rising video data and 3D models has become increasingly popular. Compared with existing methods, it enhances the real-time perception of 3D scenes by taking advantage of the real-time character of videos and the intuitive character of 3D models. In this article, we propose a real-time fusion method of multiple videos and 3D real scenes based on optimal viewpoint selection. To begin, 3D reconstruction and video camera calibration were used to prepare the basic data for the fusion of videos and 3D model. Second, a visible-surface detection-based video space restoration method was provided, and the overlapping region between multiple videos was determined. Third, to split the overlapping region into the corresponding camera spaces, a segmentation method based on optimal viewpoint selection was given. Finally, the 2D videos were dynamically fitted to the 3D model using the dynamic texture mapping method, while accomplishing the fusing and rendering of the 3D real scene. After experimental verification, the overall effect of the multiple videos and 3D real scene fusion system implemented using the method proposed in this article is better, while the algorithm is less time-consuming and efficient in rendering. 相似文献
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当前洪水灾害场景三维可视化存在沉浸感差、移动性不足等问题。本文将移动虚拟现实（virtual reality,VR）与洪水灾害场景三维可视化相结合,提出了移动VR洪水灾害场景构建优化与交互方法。该方法首先提出了一种免插件B/S架构下的移动VR场景构建方案,然后从多样化场景数据组织、场景数据量优化控制及自适应调度对移动VR场景构建进行了优化,最后设计了基于凝视的洪水灾害场景漫游探索、信息交互查询等交互分析模式。通过构建试验平台并选择案例进行试验,证明本文方法能够有效支持在智能手机上进行洪水灾害场景流畅地沉浸式展示与交互探索分析。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(10):771-788
Virtual globes (VGs) allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other users. This article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3D data in VGs. It aims at improving users' awareness of the quality of 3D objects. Instead of relying on the existing metadata or on formal accuracy assessments that are often impossible in practice, we propose a crowd-sourced quality recommender system based on the five-star visualization method successful in other types of Web applications. Four alternative five-star visualizations were implemented in a Google Earth-based prototype and tested through a formal user evaluation. These tests helped identifying the most effective method for a 3D environment. Results indicate that while most websites use a visualization approach that shows a ‘number of stars’, this method was the least preferred by participants. Instead, participants ranked the ‘number within a star’ method highest as it allowed reducing the visual clutter in urban settings, suggesting that 3D environments such as VGs require different design approaches than 2D or non-geographic applications. Results also confirmed that expert and non-expert users in geographic data share similar preferences for the most and least preferred visualization methods. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):471-486
Spatial analysis, including viewshed analysis, is an important aspect of the Digital Earth system. Viewshed analysis is usually performed on a large scale, so efficiency is important in any Digital Earth application making these calculations. In this paper, a real-time algorithm for viewshed analysis in 3D scenes is presented by using the parallel computing capabilities of a graphics processing unit (GPU). In contrast to traditional algorithms based on line-of-sight, this algorithm runs completely within the programmable 3D visualization pipeline to render 3D terrains with viewshed analysis. The most important difference is its integration of the viewshed calculation with the rendering module. Invisible areas are rendered as shadows in the 3D scene. The algorithm process is paralleled by rasterizer units in the graphics card and by vertex and pixel shaders executed on the GPU. We have implemented this method in our 3D Digital Earth system with the DirectX 9.0c API and tested on some consumer-level PC platforms with interactive frame-rates and high image quality. Our algorithm has been widely used in related systems based on Digital Earth. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(4):293-311
We address the registration problem of multisource three-dimensional (3D) human-made buildings with remote sensing images and the earth's surface in the context of virtual globes. Challenges include fast transformation of 3D coordinates with different reference systems as well as the efficient use of original model information for rigorous and accurate model registration. This paper introduces a novel fast and scalable registration approach that can establish correspondences between heterogeneous external 3D city models and images/terrain surfaces of virtual globes in an efficient and accurate manner. The approach utilizes the projected 3D feature information of 3D city models to develop robust coordinate transformation and reliable model registration methods. The proposed approach builds a solid foundation for the fusion of multisource geospatial data in a united virtual globe reference framework. We report experimental results of online registration tasks for up to over 13K buildings in an integrated 3D virtual globe platform, namely, GeoGlobe. 相似文献
8.
地形漫游在仿真、模拟、虚拟现实、游戏等领域都有广泛的应用，但其大规模地形实时动态绘制的速度和质量一直是一个难点。文章主要分析了地形场景数据管理与实时调度、视相关多层次细节模型与可见性判断以及分层数据组织与瓦片数据绘制等关键问题。在研究多种层次算法的基础上，提出了一种实时高帧率绘制大规模地形的瓦片重组数据结构的方法，并改进了视景体裁切重组地形数据的方法。实验结果表明该方法在保持地形逼真的情况下，有很好的绘制网格帧率和实时动态交互的效果。 相似文献
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对于大规模地形而言,地形网格的实时动态绘制速度和质量一直是人们关注的重点。地形漫游在仿真、模拟、虚拟现实、游戏等领域都有广泛的应用。该文在研究多种层次算法的基础上,采用一种地形瓦片重组数据结构的方法实现实时高帧率的绘制大规模地形。分析了地形场景数据管理与实时调度,视相关多层次细节模型与可见性判断以及分层数据组织和瓦片数据绘制等关键问题,并给出了相应的解决方法,改进了视景体裁切重组地形数据的方法。实验结果表明该方法在保持地形逼真的前提下,有很好的绘制网格帧率和实时动态交互效果。 相似文献
11.
南粤古驿道遗留了众多文化遗产,具有较高的历史、艺术、科学价值,但历史建筑损坏较为严重。为推进南粤古驿道活化利用,本文采用精细三维建模技术与虚拟现实（VR）技术实现了南粤古驿道的数字化保护。首先对南粤古驿道遗址进行了分析,然后从数据采集、点云数据处理、几何模型加工、纹理贴图等方面阐述对历史遗迹进行精细三维建模和VR场景构建的流程和方法。为提高点云数据处理效率,提出了基于遗传算法的欧氏聚类点云分割算法。应用结果表明,本文构建的精细三维模型及VR场景能有效还原南粤古驿道历史建筑,为古驿道与古街巷、古村落、红色革命遗址等文化自然景观的保护提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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针对三维道路场景中多条道路交叉时出现的单纯重叠问题,基于开源三维图形渲染引擎OSG(OpenSceneGraph),提出一种三维道路交叉口的自动检测与建模方法。该方法通过分析道路矢量数据的存储特点及道路交叉口的设计规范,快速获取交叉口区域并识别其所属类型,结合计算机图形学和OSG场景渲染技术实现道路交叉口的自动建模。试验表明,该方法有效地解决了三叉型、四叉型、环岛型和分离式立体交叉口的一键式生产,无需人工干预,为未来大数据三维道路场景的快速构建奠定基础。 相似文献
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随着激光雷达技术的发展及广泛应用,点云数据的分类及理解成为了目前一个研究热点。本文研究了较复杂的电力线路走廊场景的点云自动分类方法,目标类别为地面、植被、建筑物、电力塔、电力线等。本文首先归纳、定义了点云分类所需的关键特征,并利用JointBoost实现地物分类;同时,考虑到点云数据量大,其分类速度较慢,本文结合地物空间上的相互关联关系,提出了一种序列化的点云分类及特征降维方法。该方法在保证分类精度的前提下,使分类所需特征维数降低,缩短了分类所需时间。实际的电力线路走廊的激光扫描点云数据分类实验证明本文研究的分类方法的有效性。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(12):1177-1196
ABSTRACTAn Augmented virtual environment (AVE) is concerned with the fusion of real-time video with 3D models or scenes so as to augment the virtual environment. In this paper, a new approach to establish an AVE with a wide field of view is proposed, including real-time video projection, multiple video texture fusion and 3D visualization of moving objects. A new diagonally weighted algorithm is proposed to smooth the apparent gaps within the overlapping area between the two adjacent videos. A visualization method for the location and trajectory of a moving virtual object is proposed to display the moving object and its trajectory in the 3D virtual environment. The experimental results showed that the proposed set of algorithms are able to fuse multiple real-time videos with 3D models efficiently, and the experiment runs a 3D scene containing two million triangles and six real-time videos at around 55 frames per second on a laptop with 1GB of graphics card memory. In addition, a realistic AVE with a wide field of view was created based on the Digital Earth Science Platform by fusing three videos with a complex indoor virtual scene, visualizing a moving object and drawing its trajectory in the real time. 相似文献
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随着GIS的不断发展,地形的3维立体显示已成为主流,但传统方法生成模型过程复杂、真实感不强,无法在应用中提供足够的信息量。本文所述的3维虚拟场景生成方法,从实际应用出发,以真实地形地貌为标准,形成了一套完整的生成虚拟地形、地物、模拟天空的流程,并进行可视化实验。实验结果表明,使用该方法能够对实际场景进行仿真,模拟地物、植被的分布,达到小数据量实现3维虚拟场景的目的。最后,对所生成的示范系统进行验证分析,表明该方法简单、快速,对林业小班划分、农业土地管理等多个领域都有一定的实际参考价值。 相似文献
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基于三角形折叠的连续多分辨率LOD算法 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
LOD技术是从软件方面提高大范围场景3维渲染速度的有效手段之一。文中在基于三角形折叠的LOD简化算法的基础上，针对在3维景观绘制中模型数据需实时简化的特点，提出了一种基于三角形折叠的连续LOD算法，即预先对模型的几何数据进行简化预处理，并记录每一步的简化操作，以便于在3维景观绘制时，根据要求实时显示不同分辨率的模型数据。最后通过实验数据验证了该算法的正确性和实用性。 相似文献
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The online transmission and real‐time rendering of complex 3D models have always been a bottleneck which limits the performance of Web 3D simulation systems. To improve the efficiency of data transmission and mesh reconstruction, this article proposes a novel progressive mesh structure. In the first stage of progressive visualization, the base data and the base index generated by vertex clustering simplification are transmitted to the client for the fundamental rendering. Then the incremental data and corresponding indexes at higher levels are transmitted, as the viewpoint approaches the simulation object. The multi‐scale incremental data organization benefits the performance and efficiency of the Web 3D simulation system by separately transmitting and reconstructing the corresponding level of mesh details. To demonstrate the adaptability and reliability of this algorithm, we developed an experimental prototype system to conduct a series of experiments. The results of experiments show that the improved progressive mesh structure described in this article takes good advantage of the vertex clustering simplification scheme to increase the efficiency of online transmission and mesh reconstruction, and the average frame rate of the progressive visualization has been increased to some extent, especially for massive data in large scale scenes. 相似文献
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矢量数据的叠加显示能够提高三维虚拟地球的表达效果与分析能力。受限于GPU的计算精度,在三维虚拟地球中矢量数据绘制普遍存在抖动现象和深度冲突现象。对基于WebGL的矢量数据三维绘制中计算精度问题进行了分析,提出了使用CPU RTC技术和GPU RTE技术提高顶点变换的精度,使用多视锥渲染算法和深度平面技术解决深度缓存精度问题。实验证明,这几种技术和算法可以有效缓解抖动现象和深度冲突现象导致的视觉干扰,改善了各种尺度和范围的矢量数据在三维地形上的叠加显示效果。 相似文献
20.
Christian Wöhler Pablo d’Angelo Lars Krüger Annika Kuhl Horst-Michael Groß 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(6):529-540
In this article we propose a method for combining geometric and real-aperture methods for monocular three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of static scenes at absolute scale. Our algorithm relies on a sequence of images of the object acquired by a monocular camera of fixed focal setting from different viewpoints. Object features are tracked over a range of distances from the camera with a small depth of field, leading to a varying degree of defocus for each feature. Information on absolute depth is obtained based on a Depth-from-Defocus approach. The parameters of the point spread functions estimated by Depth-from-Defocus are used as a regularisation term for Structure-from-Motion. The reprojection error obtained from bundle adjustment and the absolute depth error obtained from Depth-from-Defocus are simultaneously minimised for all tracked object features. The proposed method yields absolutely scaled 3D coordinates of the scene points without any prior knowledge about scene structure and camera motion. We describe the implementation of the proposed method both as an offline and as an online algorithm. Evaluating the algorithm on real-world data, we demonstrate that it yields typical relative scale errors of a few per cent. We examine the influence of random effects, i.e. the noise of the pixel grey values, and systematic effects, caused by thermal expansion of the optical system or by inclusion of strongly blurred images, on the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction result. Possible applications of our approach are in the field of industrial quality inspection; in particular, it is preferable to stereo cameras in industrial vision systems with space limitations or where strong vibrations occur. 相似文献