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1.
A stochastic error process of curves is proposed as the error model to describe the errors of curves in GIS. In terms of the stochastic process, four characteristics concerning the local error of curves, namely, mean error function, standard error function, absolute error function, and the correlation function of errors, are put forward. The total error of a curve is expressed by a mean square integral of the stochastic error process. The probabilistic meanings and geometric meanings of the characteristics mentioned above are also discussed. A scan digitization experiment is designed to check the efficiency of the model. In the experiment, a piece of contour line is digitized for more than 100 times and lots of sample functions are derived from the experiment. Finally, all the error characteristics are estimated, on the basis of sample functions. The experiment results show that the systematic error in digitized map data is not negligible, and the errors of points on curves are chiefly dependent on the curvature and the concavity of the curves. 相似文献
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GIS中曲线误差的模型与试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了描述曲线整体误差的随机过程模型．用过程的数字特征函数定义了曲线的局部误差指标．用过程的积分定义了曲线的局部和整体误差指标．阐述了各指标的概率意义与几何意义．设计了过程模型的数字化试验，并提取了过程的样本曲线。通过对样本曲线的统计分析．得到了各误差指标的估计值。 相似文献
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应用非线性最小二乘平差方法——阻尼最小二乘法研究了数字化数据误差处理，并将该方法与最小二乘条件平差进行了比较。理论和实验表明，在处理较大数字化数据误差时采用阻尼最小二乘平差方法，减弱了在条件方程线性化过程中产生的模型误差，提高了计算精度。 相似文献
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测量平差模型不仅包括函数模型还包括随机模型,因此要研究测量平差模型误差对平差结果的影响就要研究函数模型误差和随机模型误差二者同时的影响。本文以间接平差模型为例,随机模型误差、函数模型误差和随机模型误差三个层次研究了测量平差模型误差对平差结果影响的公式,论证了不同平差模型误差情况下的平差结果,并推导和论证了同时考虑函数模型误差和随机模型误差对平差结果影响的公式。 相似文献
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本文从分析航空重力向下延拓过程中偶然误差和系统误差的变化特性入手,进而提出处理办法。首先,利用试验说明移去恢复法局限性,同时表明需处理系统误差和偶然误差的必要性。然后,采用理论推演和数值模拟计算分别估计了系统误差和偶然误差影响,试验结果发现:系统误差影响和偶然误差影响均与数据格网间隔、向下延拓高度呈线性关系,当格网化间隔较小和延拓高度较高时系统误差影响和偶然误差影响较大。最后,提出使用半参数模型和正则化算法的两步法估计系统误差和减弱偶然误差影响,试验结果说明两步法处理向下延拓各类误差影响优于仅用半参数模型或正则化算法的结果,在试验数据的偶然误差标准差为2×10~(-5) m/s~2、恒值系统误差3×10~(-5) m/s~2和变值系统误差标准差约1.3×10~(-5) m/s~2时,以及向下延拓高度6.3 km和格网间隔6′的条件下,两步法向下延拓结果的精度可达2.3×10~(-5) m/s~2。 相似文献
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针对ＧＩＳ中对曲线位置不确定性分析的要求,提出了一种采用数值方法计算拟合曲线点位误差的算法,给出了确定ＧＩＳ中任意曲线误差带模型的具体计算步骤与计算公式,并结合实例,绘制了三次样条拟合曲线的误差带。 相似文献
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地籍宗地面积处理的原理与方法 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
探讨以地图数字化为基础的地理信息系统建库中地籍宗地数字化的面积处理问题,阐述宗地面积平差的原理,并导出了相应的条件方程,讨论宗地面积处理的各种和实现,提出宗地面积处理的分级平差方法;最后通过实例分析,认为宗地面积的平差处理有助于实现GIS数据采集和建库过程中实施质量控制,保证地理信息基础数据的质量可靠性,为系统的数据开发应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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介绍了用差分算子和时间序列分析法建立数字化过程随机误差估计模型中的粗差探测方法和抗差估计方案。 相似文献
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平差系统的模型误差及其识别方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
论述了模型误差影响参数估值的一些理论问题,指出了随机模型误差和函数模型误差之间的相互作用和转化。为讨论平差系统最优模型的选取,给出了与现有文献将模型误差纳入平差系统的思路不同的一个估计和识别模型误差的理论基础公式,由此导出了相应的实用公式,给出了平差系统模型的优选方法。 相似文献
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研究了已有的各种稳健性度量，根据稳健性的经典定义，本文建立了一种衡量稳健性的准则，根据这一准则，研究了在测量中常用的两种误差模型下的稳健结构。结果表明，在这一个准则和随机误差模型下的最优稳健估计，是李德仁教授提出的验后方差法；在这一准则与均值移动误差模型下的最优稳健估计，是具有均方误差最小的稳健估计。 相似文献
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针对数字化坐标转换的模型误差,给出了函数模型优选的标准,提出了衡量误差大小的精确度指标及实用估计方法,讨论了线性和非线性对数字化坐标转换的影响,结果表明采用二阶多项式拟合模型对数字化坐标转换的影响很小,在理论上更为合理,文中通过具体的数字化坐标拟合实例论证了这一点。 相似文献
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Digital elevation model (DEM) source data are subject to both horizontal and vertical errors owing to improper instrument operation, physical limitations of sensors, and bad weather conditions. These factors may bring a negative effect on some DEM-based applications requiring low levels of positional errors. Although classical smoothing interpolation methods have the ability to handle vertical errors, they are prone to omit horizontal errors. Based on the statistical concept of the total least squares method, a total error-based multiquadric (MQ-T) method is proposed in this paper to reduce the effects of both horizontal and vertical errors in the context of DEM construction. In nature, the classical multiquadric (MQ) method is a vertical error regression procedure, whereas MQ-T is an orthogonal error regression model. Two examples, including a numerical test and a real-world example, are employed in a comparative performance analysis of MQ-T for surface modeling of DEMs. The numerical test indicates that MQ-T performs better than the classical MQ in terms of root mean square error. The real-world example of DEM construction with sample points derived from a total station instrument demonstrates that regardless of the sample interval and DEM resolution, MQ-T is more accurate than classical interpolation methods including inverse distance weighting, ordinary kriging, and Australian National University DEM. Therefore, MQ-T can be considered as an alternative interpolator for surface modeling with sample points subject to both horizontal and vertical errors. 相似文献
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本文结合三角测量的实例对误差传播定律一些应用问题进行了讨论,指出当只有一个独立的观测值时,和函数与倍数函数运用误差传播定律不会出现悖论;采用数学中更为复杂的恒等函数关系式中不同的算式求解相同观测值的函数值,运用误差传播定律也不会出现悖论。如果在测量工作中有多余的直接观测值,就需用平差后的间接观测值按协方差传播律来计算,这样数学中相等的函数关系才能得到同样的函数中误差结果。 相似文献
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GIS中地籍宗地面积的方差分量估计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨在地籍宗地数字化的面积处理问题中,把已知面积数据和数字化坐标同时作为观测值的面积处理方法.采用方差分量估计,解决已知面积数据参与平差时的权的确定.通过实例分析,认为采用条件平差方差分量估计方法来对宗地面积处理,能够更加合理地调整已有面积与由数字化坐标得到的面积值之间的差异. 相似文献
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基于Coons曲面的格网DEM传递误差 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
构造了基于边界曲线的Coons曲面DEM;研究了Coons曲面DEM的传递误差,推导出不同边界曲线构成的Coons曲面DEM模型的传递误差;得到了Coons曲面DEM的传递误差大于双线性DEM的传递误差的结论,并分析了传递误差与格网点数目的关系. 相似文献
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Some theory problems affecting parameter estimation are discussed in this paper. Influence and transformation between errors of stochastic and functional models is pointed out as well. For choosing the best adjustment model, a formula, which is different from the literatures existing methods, for estimating and identifying the model error, is proposed. On the basis of the proposed formula, an effective approach of selecting the best model of adjustment system is given. 相似文献
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This paper examines the influence that certain omission and commission errors can have on the gravity field models estimated from the initial release of data (RL01) from the Gravity Recovery And Recovery Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. The effects of omission errors were analyzed by limiting the degree and order to which the GPS and K-band range-rate (KBR) measurement partials were extended in the solution process. The commission error studies focused on the impact of an imperfect mean reference gravity field model on the solution. Combinations of both of these error sources were also explored. The nature of these errors makes them difficult to distinguish from the true gravity signal, so the exploration of these error sources was performed using simulations; however, comparisons to real-data solutions are provided. The results show how each of the specific error sources investigated influences the gravity field solution. The simulations also show how all of the errors examined can be sufficiently mitigated through the appropriate choice of processing parameters. 相似文献
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TAO Benzao ZHANG Chaoyu 《地球空间信息科学学报》2005,8(3):189-192
IntroductionAdjust ment process deals with the problemsfor esti mating parameters and assessing precisionbased on observations with errors . The researchon adjust ment system involves building mathmodel , determining the opti mization rule andstudying adjust ment arithmetic . Math model ofadjust ment system(also called adjust ment mod-el)is composed of functional and stochastic mod-els . The former describes the relationship be-tween observations and the expectation of pa-rameters . The latte… 相似文献
20.
InSAR高程模型及其精度分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了一种改进的InSAR高程模型，建立了高程和干涉相位的直接关系，并对公式推导中一般采用的平行射线近似处理方法所引入的高程误差进行了量化分析。结果表明，对于星载雷达而言，平行射线近似误差不能忽略。给出了近似误差与基线参数的确定性关系及相应的误差传播曲线，有助于误差纠正和重建高精度DEM。另外，基于改进的高程模型，推导出了高程测量误差传播公式，明确了基线长度和方向对测高精度的影响，对合理选择干涉像对具有指导意义。 相似文献