共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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为研究地形起伏度与全球定位系统(GPS)多路径误差的相关性,该文采用邻域统计、均值变点分析、相关性分析等方法,以ArcGIS为平台,基于某校区1m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,运用均值变点分析确定最佳分析区域,并提取地形起伏度,再通过SPSS相关分析,获得地形起伏度与多路径误差M_(p1)、M_(p2)的Spearman秩相关系数。结果表明:最佳分析区域为11m×11m,对应的地形起伏度与多路径误差M_(p1)、M_(p2)在P<0.01下显著相关;测站周围5.5m范围内的地形起伏度对多路径误差有直接影响,尤其在地形起伏度大于3 m时,与多路径误差M_(p2)显著相关。 相似文献
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针对传统地形特征点提取方法未能全面顾及地形特征点空间特征的问题,该文提出一种顾及空间特征的地形特征点提取方法.该方法在系统分析地形特征点的空间分布差异性、空间耦合性、层次等级性的基础上,采用均值变点法确定适宜阈值,利用成熟的水文分析法提取沟谷线和山脊线.在此基础上,通过窗口分析、矢量分析等方法实现对山顶点、鞍部点、脊线源点、脊线交点、径流源点、径流节点、流域出水口点的有效提取和分级.以福建省九龙江支流吕凤溪流域30m空间分辨率数字高程模型进行实验.从目视解译、地形模型对比、分级适宜性3个角度对提取结果进行评价,同时分析了空间分辨率对地形特征点提取的影响.实验结果表明,所提方法能有效保证地形特征点提取结果的准确性,空间分辨率对地形特征点提取结果的总数目、最高级别和分级数目以及空间位置具有重要影响. 相似文献
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地形起伏度因子在宏观尺度生态评估中具有重要作用。均值变点法是确定地形起伏度最佳分析窗口的常用方法,但其影响因素尚缺乏研究。本文以黄河流域（山西段）为例,基于DEM数据和均值变点法提取了研究区地形起伏度,并探讨了分析窗口样本数量、DEM分辨率和地貌类型3种因素的影响。结果表明：①分析窗口样本数量对最佳分析窗口取值有明显影响。随着样本数量的增加,变点所在的最佳分析窗口面积也不断增加。②DEM分辨率对最佳分析窗口取值有一定影响。分析窗口面积取值范围一致时,基于30 m ASTER GDEM计算得到的最佳分析窗口面积小于基于90 m SRTM DEM的最佳分析窗口面积。③地貌类型对最佳分析窗口取值的影响不大。当分析窗口样本数量一致时,不同地貌类型区及整个研究区最佳分析窗口相同或接近。总体而言,分析窗口样本数量是最关键的影响因素。 相似文献
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目前三维Douglas-Peucker(3D_DP)算法主要应用于单一类型的DEM综合。本文引入"弯曲调节指数"来改进3D_DP算法,提出了一种三维空间河网要素与DEM综合的新方法,即将河网线矢量提取成三维离散点数据集(增加高程属性),与DEM三维离散点数据集合并,在河网层次化选取基础上,利用改进的3D_DP算法对合并数据集进行综合操作。通过试验结果的对比和分析表明,该方法通过弯曲调节指数的调节使河流自身所具有的弯曲形态与地形的主要特征得以同时保留,试验效果良好,实现了三维空间河网要素与DEM数据在同一简化因子作用下的综合,提升了地图综合的质量。 相似文献
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基于SRTMDEM与变点分析法的云南省富宁县地貌形态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丁贤法 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(11)
以位于云贵高原至广西丘陵倾斜面上的云南省富宁县为研究区,提出了适合研究区地形特点的地貌形态分类指标体系;基于 SRTM DEM 90 m 分辨率的地形数据,用均值变点分析法,确定8像元×8像元（0．5184 km2）的格网为该县地形起伏度的最佳统计单元,据此提取了该县地形起伏度（0～707 m）;最后,叠加分析了该县绝对海拔和地形起伏度数据,得到12种基本地貌形态,并得出结论：小起伏较低山、小起伏中山是该县最主要的地貌形态。 相似文献
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汪琳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(7):134-136,143
在分析SRTM、ASTER GDEM数据源基本特征的基础上,融合了一种直接面向河网提取的数据——SRTM-ASTER,利用SRTM数据较高的垂直分辨率修正ASTER GDEM,弥补了SRTM水平分辨率上的不足;引入Landsat-8遥感卫星数据提取真实河网,分析在有(无)河网辅助条件下融合数据的提取效果,并以总长度、支流数目、套合差为特征指标进行分析.研究结果表明:1)SRTM-ASTER数据提取的河网能综合SRTM和ASTER GDEM数据的优势,提取精度较好,但河流长度以及支流数目有所减少;2)有河网辅助的条件下,经过AGREE算法进行河网纠正以后,提取结果的精度有显著提高. 相似文献
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《国土资源遥感》2015,(4)
将工作流思想引入到地形因子的提取中,应用可扩展标记语言(extensible markup language,XML)对地形因子流程化提取过程进行建模描述与方法研究。通过对地形因子提取过程中数据流转关系和数据输入与输出、参数执行、因子模型与驱动执行的结构化组织与描述,形成一套适用于地形因子流程化提取的模型和建模方法。在基础地形因子提取算法的基础上,采用分辨率为5 m×5 m的数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据,对实验区域的地形因子进行全自动流程化提取验证。同时,应用该模型对实验区域的河网进行提取,均取得了良好效果,表明该模型具有较强的普适性与可扩展性。 相似文献
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利用三维点云数据建模的准确与否很大程度上依赖于点云滤波效果的好坏,通过对滤波方法的研究,可以提供尽量准确的地面点云数据.文章利用C#高级编程语言,结合OpenGL三维图形库对三维激光点云数据进行噪声滤波处理;将三维激光点云投影到格网内的拟合平面上,通过变窗口均值限差法对高差、坡度关键参数进行了分析对比,确定出合适滤波参数,模拟表达实际地形的原貌.实验证明,变窗口的均值限差法可以滤除绝大部分噪声,对于紧邻地面的部分噪声,可以通过进一步拟合最小二乘曲面或加入先验信息等方法去除.该方法不仅能够有效去除噪声,而且还能较大程度地保留地形的特征信息. 相似文献
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基于栅格DEM的地形特征提取与分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
以陕北延安地区燕儿沟流域为实验样区,运用比较分析法和数理统计法进行基于栅格DEM的地形特征提取和分析,以及DEM分辨率对地形特征的影响,并计算和比较了地形特征的空间统计分布。研究表明:一个相对真实的DEM能够通过修改生成DEM的基本材料,以及对DEM进行再加工而获得。由于DEM分辨率的不同,由此得到的地形特征值(如坡度、地形指数、河网密度等)在统计特性上也会随之变化。随着DEM分辨率的降低,坡度减小,地形坦化,地形指数均值变大,流域总面积变大,子流域数量减少,河流总长度减小,河网密度降低。 相似文献
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Automated Extraction of Natural Drainage Density Patterns for the Conterminous United States through High-Performance Computing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lawrence V. Stanislawski Jeff Falgout Barbara P. Buttenfield 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):185-192
Hydrographic networks form an important data foundation for cartographic base mapping and for hydrologic analysis. Drainage density patterns for these networks can be derived to characterize local landscape, bedrock and climate conditions, and further inform hydrological and geomorphological analysis by indicating areas where too few headwater channels are represented. Natural drainage density patterns are not consistently available in existing hydrographical data bases for the United States because compilation and capture criteria historically varied, along with climate, during the period of data collection over the various terrain types throughout the country. This paper demonstrates an automated workflow that is being tested in a high-performance computing environment by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map natural drainage density patterns at the 1:24,000-scale (24K) for the conterminous United States. Hydrographic network drainage patterns may be extracted from elevation data to guide corrections for existing hydrographic network data. The paper describes three stages in this workflow including data pre-processing, natural channel extraction, and generation of drainage density patterns from extracted channels. The workflow is implemented in parallel fashion by simultaneously executing procedures on multiple subbasin watersheds within the U.S. National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Pre-processing defines parameters needed for the extraction process. Extraction proceeds in standard fashion: filling sinks, developing flow direction and weighted flow accumulation rasters. Drainage channels with assigned Strahler stream order are extracted within a subbasin and simplified. Drainage density patterns are then estimated with 100-m resolution and subsequently smoothed with a low-pass filter. The extraction process is found to be of better quality in higher slope terrains. Concurrent processing through the high-performance computing environment is shown to facilitate and refine the choice of drainage density extraction parameters and more readily improve extraction procedures than conventional processing. 相似文献
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Lawrence V. Stanislawski Kornelijus Survila Jeffrey Wendel Yan Liu Barbara P. Buttenfield 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(4):319-328
This paper describes a workflow for automating the extraction of elevation-derived stream lines using open source tools with parallel computing support and testing the effectiveness of procedures in various terrain conditions within the conterminous United States. Drainage networks are extracted from the US Geological Survey 1/3 arc-second 3D Elevation Program elevation data having a nominal cell size of 10 m. This research demonstrates the utility of open source tools with parallel computing support for extracting connected drainage network patterns and handling depressions in 30 subbasins distributed across humid, dry, and transitional climate regions and in terrain conditions exhibiting a range of slopes. Special attention is given to low-slope terrain, where network connectivity is preserved by generating synthetic stream channels through lake and waterbody polygons. Conflation analysis compares the extracted streams with a 1:24,000-scale National Hydrography Dataset flowline network and shows that similarities are greatest for second- and higher-order tributaries. 相似文献
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地形特征信息是地学研究中的重要依据,用于描述地形变化的总体样貌,决定了基础地形地貌形态特征。本文对禄丰恐龙谷南缘环状微地貌的地形特征进行提取及分析。首先,采用无人机测量技术获取测区影像数据,通过影像数据处理构建测区0.5 m分辨率的DOM数据与点云数据,并基于TerraSolid软件平台搭建滤波规则对点云数据进行分类、抽稀压缩处理,提取测区地面点,以地面点数据为基础数据构建测区2 m分辨率的DEM;然后,通过叠加ArcGIS空间分析中最大值提取与正负地形提取,完成地形特征点的提取分析;并结合ArcGIS中水文分析、平面曲率与坡型组合的方法,完成地形特征线提取分析;最后,在eCognition 9.0中通过面向对象的方法,实现地形面状特征提取。试验结果表明：①提取鞍部点的最佳分析窗口为11×11。②通过鞍部点位及两种方法提取脊—谷线,其中水文分析提取脊线更为细致,整体连贯性更为突出且从山体两侧脊线分布密集,试验区山体崎岖处提取鞍部点,即说明恐龙谷南缘整体受亚热带低纬度高原季风气候影响,山体受一定程度风化侵蚀。③恐龙谷南缘地形面状特征中裸岩、裸地两者面积占比较大,两者相加后占测区总面积64.2%,结合实地干湿分明的气候特点和实际勘察植被相对低矮的特征,在一定程度上说明该区域表层土壤疏松,需注意水土流失引起的生态问题。 相似文献
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This paper reports an investigation into the generalization of a grid-based digital elevation model (DEM) for the purpose of terrain analysis. The focus is on the method of restructuring the grid-based surface elevation data to form a triangulated irregular network (TIN) that is optimized to keep the important terrain features and slope morphology with the minimum number of sample points. The critical points of the terrain surface are extracted from the DEM based on their significance, measured not only by their local relief, but also by their importance in identifying inherent geomorphological and drainage features in the DEM. A compound method is proposed by integrating the traditional point-additive and feature-point methods to construct a drainage-constrained TIN. The outcome is then compared with those derived from other selected methods including filtering, point-additive or feature-point algorithms. The results show that the compound approach is capable of taking advantage of both point-additive and feature-point algorithms to maximally keep the terrain features and to maintain RMSE at an acceptable level, while reducing the elevation data points by over 99%. The analytical result also shows that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods with better control in retaining drainage features at the same level of RMSE. 相似文献
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康义凯 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(9)
利用成熟的技术路线和地质灾害监测点激光点云的特征,以及地裂缝的地形深度急剧变化规律,采取一种改进Morove算子的兴趣点提取方法,根据高程变化特征提取地裂缝;根据滑坡体的地形非连续性,在三角形生长算法基础上,采用异变点不参与构网的方法,使滑坡体与原山体地形分离,监测出山体滑坡地质灾害点,为地质灾害的监测提供新的思路和方法。 相似文献
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The Effect of DEM Raster Resolution on First Order, Second Order and Compound Terrain Derivatives 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Stefan Kienzle 《Transactions in GIS》2004,8(1):83-111
It is well known that the grid cell size of a raster digital elevation model has significant effects on derived terrain variables such as slope, aspect, plan and profile curvature or the wetness index. In this paper the quality of DEMs derived from the interpolation of photogrammetrically derived elevation points in Alberta, Canada, is tested. DEMs with grid cell sizes ranging from 100 to 5 m were interpolated from 100 m regularly spaced elevation points and numerous surface‐specific point elevations using the ANUDEM interpolation method. In order to identify the grid resolution that matches the information content of the source data, three approaches were applied: density analysis of point elevations, an analysis of cumulative frequency distributions using the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test and the root mean square slope measure. Results reveal that the optimum grid cell size is between 5 and 20 m, depending on terrain com‐plexity and terrain derivative. Terrain variables based on 100 m regularly sampled elevation points are compared to an independent high‐resolution DEM used as a benchmark. Subsequent correlation analysis reveals that only elevation and local slope have a strong positive relationship while all other terrain derivatives are not represented realistically when derived from a coarse DEM. Calculations of root mean square errors and relative root mean square errors further quantify the quality of terrain derivatives. 相似文献
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Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in the pavagada area of Tumkur district,South India using remote sensing and gis techniques 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The study area covers 570 km2 comprising of 9 sub-watersheds (Dalavayihalli, Maddalenahalli, Talamaradahalli, Puluvalli tank, Nagalamadike, Gowdatimmanahalli, Naliganahalli, Devadabetta and Byadanur) range from 49 to 75 km2 forming part of Pennar river basin around Pavagada. The drainage network of 9 sub-watersheds was delineated using remote sensing data - Geocoded FCC of bands - 2 3 4 of IRS 1 C and 1 D (LISS III+PAN merged) on 1:50,000 scale and SOI topomaps were used as reference. The morphometric analysis of 9 sub-watersheds has been carried out using GIS softwares - Arclnfo and Are View. The drainage network shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream orders ranges from fourth to fifth order. Drainage density varies between 1.55 and 2.16 km/ km2 and has very coarse to coarse drainage texture. The relief ratio range from 0.006 to 0.021. The mean bifurcation ratio varies from 3.21 to 4.88 and falls under normal basin category. The elongation ratio shows that Devedabetta sub-watershed possesses circular shape while remaining sub-watersheds mark elongated pattern. Hence from the study it can be concluded that remote sensing techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis. 相似文献
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Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and their derivatives are routinely exploited for a wide range of planning and engineering applications such as land reclamation, calculation of cut-and-fill requirements for earth works or to determine other relevant geomorphological landscape parameters. The advent of computer (digital) manipulation of elevation data has opened up great possibilities for studying the geometry of our land surface in relation to physical factors such as climate, vegetation, soils and geology. This paper is concerned with the generation, testing and validation of DEM and its derived terrain parameters viz., contours, drainage pattern etc. using IRS-1C stereo pair over a part of Alwar district, Rajasthan, India. In particular, it reports on the results achieved using indigenously developed stereo - processing software along with standard GIS and terrain analysis package to derive DEM and associated terrain parameters of the study area. The results are encouraging when compared with Survey of India topographical maps at 1:50,000 scale in terms of point to point accuracy of DEM, data quality evaluation of orthoimage and higher order drainage delineation. 相似文献