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南极数字高程模型(DEM)是南极冰盖变化研究的基础数据,在我国南极重点考察地区Dome A及中山站至Dome A考察断面,利用新一代测高卫星CryoSat-2,对常用的几种插值方法如反距离加权、克里金、径向基函数、局部多项式和最近邻点插值方法的插值精度进行交叉比较,结果显示克里金插值方法的精度最高。利用中国第21次南极科学考察队采集的GPS数据,对克里金插值方法生成的两个区域的DEM精度进行验证。结果表明,坡度较小的Dome A区域DEM精度较高,平均高差为1.248 m,标准差为0.51 m;坡度较大的中山站至Dome A断面区域DEM精度较低,平均高程差达到3.87 m,标准差为9.358 m。 相似文献
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Arabinda Sharma K. N. Tiwari P. B. S. Bhadoria 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(1):139-146
Digital elevation models (DEM) are becoming increasingly important as tools in hydrological research and water resources management.
Since error and uncertainty are inherently associated with spatial data, a complete evaluation of a DEM is of utmost importance
before it is put into subsequent analysis. The present paper offers an innovative approach for quality assessment of contour
interpolated DEMs of different resolutions. Five most frequently cited interpolation methods viz., TIN with linear interpolation,
Inverse Distance Weighing, Thin Plate Spline, Ordinary Kriging and TOPOGRID were selected for gridding of contours at five
different resolutions i.e., 30m, 45m, 60m, 75m and 90m. In order to compare the quality of interpolated DEMs, a qualitative
and quantitative evaluation of inter-polated DEMs for their vertical, horizontal and shape accuracy were carried out. It was
found that different interpolation methods produced DEMs with different levels of artifacts. The analyses of vertical accuracy
suggested that the variations were not pronounced in nature. However, the quantitative comparisons for horizontal and shape
accuracy showed that there was a high level of disparity with significant differences among the interpolated DEMs. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):99-110
This paper examines the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a method of spatial interpolation, when presented with irregular and regular samples of elevation data. The results of the ANN interpolation are compared with results obtained by kriging. Tests of spatial bias in the systematic errors contained in each of the neural network-derived DEMs were conducted using four attributes: slope, aspect, average direction and average distance from the nearest sampled value. Based on RMS and other evaluation measures, the accuracy of estimated DEMs from regular and irregular sample distributions using neural networks is lower than the accuracy level derived from kriging. The accuracy level of the ANN interpolators also decreases as the range of elevation values in DEMs increases. As reported in the literature, ANNs are approximate interpolators, and the pattern of under-prediction and over-prediction of elevation values in this study revealed that all estimated values fell within the range of sample elevations. Neural networks cannot predict values outside the range of elevation values contained in the sample, a property shared by other interpolators such as inverse weighted distance. 相似文献
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Chuanfa Chen Yanyan Li Honglei Dai 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
We have presented a new method for generating grid-based digital elevation models (DEMs) based on Coons patch. A series of Gaussian synthetic surfaces with various surface complexities were employed to comparatively analyze the simulation accuracies of Coons patch and the classical interpolation methods, such as IDW, Natural neighbor, SPLINE and KRIGING. Results indicate that irrespective of terrain complexity, Coons patch is much more accurate than the classical interpolation methods, and the accuracy of Coons patch is about 327.30, 15.19, 3.66 and 40.07 times as high as the accuracies of IDW, Natural neighbor, SPLINE and KRIGING on average. A real-world test area was used to test the effect of sampling density on the simulation accuracy. The results indicate that Coons patch has a higher accuracy than the classical interpolation methods regardless of sampling density. In a word, Coons patch as an accurate interpolation method can be used for grid-based DEM construction. 相似文献
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Accuracy assessment of digital elevation models by means of robust statistical methods 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Measures for the accuracy assessment of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are discussed and characteristics of DEMs derived from laser scanning and automated photogrammetry are presented. Such DEMs are very dense and relatively accurate in open terrain. Built-up and wooded areas, however, need automated filtering and classification in order to generate terrain (bare earth) data when Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) have to be produced. Automated processing of the raw data is not always successful. Systematic errors and many outliers at both methods (laser scanning and digital photogrammetry) may therefore be present in the data sets. We discuss requirements for the reference data with respect to accuracy and propose robust statistical methods as accuracy measures. Their use is illustrated by application at four practical examples. It is concluded that measures such as median, normalized median absolute deviation, and sample quantiles should be used in the accuracy assessment of such DEMs. Furthermore, the question is discussed how large a sample size is needed in order to obtain sufficiently precise estimates of the new accuracy measures and relevant formulae are presented. 相似文献
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This paper compares the accuracy of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) C-band and German Aerospace Centre (DLR)-SRTM X-band digital elevation models (DEMs) with the Ziyuan 3 (ZY-3) stereoscopic DEM and ground control points (GCPs). To date, the horizontal error of these DEMs has received little attention in accuracy assessments. Using the ZY-3 DEM as reference, this study examines (1) the horizontal offset between the three DEMs and the reference DEM using the normalised cross-correlation method, (2) the vertical accuracy of those DEMs using kinematic GPS data and (3) the relationship between the three DEMs and the reference ZY-3 DEM. The results show that the SRTM and DLR-SRTM have greater vertical accuracy after applying horizontal offset correction, whereas the vertical accuracy of the ASTER GDEM is less than the other two DEMs. These methods and results can be useful for researchers who use DEMs for various applications. 相似文献
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本文介绍了InSAR卫星轨道状态矢量内插方法,基于荷兰Delft大学开发的Doris雷达干涉软件分析了SAR卫星轨道数据误差对基线参数、参考椭球面相位、地形干涉相位和数字高程模型(DEM)精度的影响。以西藏玛尼地区为例,采用ERS1/2卫星数据,利用Doris软件,分别生成了基于欧空局(ESA)粗略轨道数据和荷兰Delft大学精密轨道数据的数字高程模型(DEM),并以SRTMDEM为基准对其精度进行了对比分析。结果表明,基于粗轨数据获取的DEM明显存在系统偏差,而基于精轨数据获取的DEM与SRTM DEM吻合的很好,相对于前者,精度提高5倍。 相似文献
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对于我国西部高山区,如横断山脉,高程起伏明显,常年被云雾覆盖,日照稀少,采用传统方法进行地形图测绘存在较大困难,依赖单一方法获取的DEM往往难以满足测图的精度要求。为充分利用不同传感器和不同方法生成的DEM的优点,本文根据各方法的特点,结合小比例尺地形图中低精度的DEM,基于绝对精度等先验知识确定优先级别、相关/干系数确定融合权重,提出了一种包括雷达干涉测量、光学立体摄影测量、不同侧视方向像对雷达立体测图生成的四种多源DEM的像素级融合算法。在横断山脉地区使用所提融合算法进行了实验,获得了一个总体精度得到提高的无缝DEM,实验结果表明新算法为地形复杂的测图困难地区DEM获取提供了一种可能的解决方案。 相似文献
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在对卫星钟差数据进行插值处理时,所采用插值算法的精度,直接影响到卫星钟差插值结果的精度,继而影响了卫星导航定位的精度. 因此在对卫星钟差数据进行插值时,应选择适宜的插值方法. 将Lagrange插值法和切比雪夫多项式拟合法进行滑动,利用这两种传统的插值方法和滑动式广义延拓插值法,分别对历元间隔为5 min的GLONASS卫星钟差数据插值到历元间隔为30 s的钟差数据,再与历元间隔为30 s的精密钟差数据进行对比,分析三种插值方法在GLONASS卫星钟差数据中的应用效果. 结果表明:利用这三种插值方法对GLONASS钟差数据进行插值时,插值精度均能满足要求,且滑动式广义延拓插值法的插值精度最高. 相似文献
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SRTM、ASTER GDEM和AW3D是比较有代表性的全球数字高程模型。本文探讨了采用车载动态PPP技术对上述3类模型的区域高程精度进行检核,首先沿广州至肇庆公路进行连续数据采集,采用动态精密单点定位（PPP）技术解算动态点的WGS-84坐标;然后利用EGM2008重力场模型和仪器高获得动态点的正常高;最后采用4种不同的插值方法对SRTM、ASTER GDEM和AW3D模型进行高程检验。检核结果显示：不同的插值方法具有较好的一致性,SRTM3 V4.1、ASTER GDEM V2、AW3D30的高程标准差分别优于3.4 m、4.1 m和3.3 m,均优于其全球标称高程精度;本文检核方法快速高效,有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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为了降低采样点水平和高程误差对数字高程模型（digital elevation model,DEM）建模精度的影响,受总体最小二乘算法启发,以较高精度的多面函数（multiquadric function,MQ）为基函数,发展了整体最小二乘MQ算法（MQ-T）,并分别借助数值实验和实例分析验证模型计算精度。数值实验中,以高斯合成曲面为研究对象,设计了受不同误差分量影响的采样数据,借助MQ-T曲面建模,并将计算结果与传统MQ进行比较。结果表明,当采样点仅受高程误差分量影响时,MQ-T计算结果精度与MQ相当;当采样数据受水平误差分量影响时,MQ-T计算结果中误差小于MQ中误差。实例分析中,以全站仪获取的采样数据为研究对象,借助MQ-T构建测区DEM,并将计算结果与传统插值算法进行比较,如反距离加权（inverse distance weighted,IDW）法、克里金（Kriging）法和澳大利亚国立大学DEM专用插值软件（（Australian National University DEM,ANUDEM）法。精度分析表明,随着采样点密度降低,各种插值算法精度逐步降低;不管采样密度多少,MQ-T计算精度始终高于传统插值算法;对山体阴影图分析表明,MQ-T相比Kriging法有一定峰值削平现象。 相似文献
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基于最小二乘配置误差估计公式,建立了重力异常格网数据的分辨率和精度与重力异常内插值精度的关系,提出了在给定插值精度时反推已知格网数据的分辨率和精度的方法。以EGM2008重力场模型为例,在不同分辨率和精度条件下进行重力异常插值实验。实验结果与本文方法的计算结果基本一致,表明该方法具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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Digital elevation models (DEMs) are a necessary dataset for modelling the Earth’s surface; however, all DEMs contain error. Researchers can reduce this error using DEM fusion techniques since numerous DEMs can be available for a region. However, the use of a clustering algorithm in DEM fusion has not been previously reported. In this study a new DEM fusion algorithm based on a clustering approach that works on multiple DEMs to exploit consistency in the estimates as indicators of accuracy and precision is presented. The fusion approach includes slope and elevation thresholding, k-means clustering of the elevation estimates at each cell location, as well as filtering and smoothing of the fusion product. Corroboration of the input DEMs, and the products of each step of the fusion algorithm, with a higher accuracy reference DEM enabled a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of the DEM fusion algorithm. The main findings of the research were: the k-means clustering of the elevations reduced the precision which also impacted the overall accuracy of the estimates; the number of final cluster members and the standard deviation of elevations before clustering both had a strong relationship to the error in the k-means estimates. 相似文献
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Fusion of high-resolution DEMs derived from COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X InSAR datasets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Voids caused by shadow, layover, and decorrelation usually occur in digital elevation models (DEMs) of mountainous areas that are derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) datasets. The presence of voids degrades the quality and usability of the DEMs. Thus, void removal is considered as an integral part of the DEM production using InSAR data. The fusion of multiple DEMs has been widely recognized as a promising way for the void removal. Because the vertical accuracy of multiple DEMs can be different, the selection of optimum weights becomes a key problem in the fusion and is studied in this article. As a showcase, two high-resolution InSAR DEMs near Mt. Qilian in northwest China are created and then merged. The two pairs of InSAR data were acquired by TerraSAR-X from an ascending orbit and COSMO-SkyMed from a descending orbit. A maximum likelihood fusion scheme with the weights optimally determined by the height of ambiguity and the variance of phase noise is adopted to syncretize the two DEMs in our study. The fused DEM has a fine spatial resolution of 10 m and depicts the landform of the study area well. The percentage of void cells in the fused DEM is only 0.13 %, while 6.9 and 5.7 % of the cells in the COSMO-SkyMed DEM and the TerraSAR-X DEM are originally voids. Using the ICESat/GLAS elevation data and the Chinese national DEM of scale 1:50,000 as references, we evaluate vertical accuracy levels of the fused DEM as well as the original InSAR DEMs. The results show that substantial improvements could be achieved by DEM fusion after atmospheric phase screen removal. The quality of fused DEM can even meet the high-resolution terrain information (HRTI) standard. 相似文献
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High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) generated by airborne remote sensing are frequently used to analyze landform structures (monotemporal) and geomorphological processes (multitemporal) in remote areas or areas of extreme terrain. In order to assess and quantify such structures and processes it is necessary to know the absolute accuracy of the available DEMs. This study assesses the absolute vertical accuracy of DEMs generated by the High Resolution Stereo Camera-Airborne (HRSC-A), the Leica Airborne Digital Sensors 40/80 (ADS40 and ADS80) and the analogue camera system RC30. The study area is located in the Turtmann valley, Valais, Switzerland, a glacially and periglacially formed hanging valley stretching from 2400 m to 3300 m a.s.l. The photogrammetrically derived DEMs are evaluated against geodetic field measurements and an airborne laser scan (ALS). Traditional and robust global and local accuracy measurements are used to describe the vertical quality of the DEMs, which show a non Gaussian distribution of errors. The results show that all four sensor systems produce DEMs with similar accuracy despite their different setups and generations. The ADS40 and ADS80 (both with a ground sampling distance of 0.50 m) generate the most accurate DEMs in complex high mountain areas with a RMSE of 0.8 m and NMAD of 0.6 m They also show the highest accuracy relating to flying height (0.14‰). The pushbroom scanning system HRSC-A produces a RMSE of 1.03 m and a NMAD of 0.83 m (0.21‰ accuracy of the flying height and 10 times the ground sampling distance). The analogue camera system RC30 produces DEMs with a vertical accuracy of 1.30 m RMSE and 0.83 m NMAD (0.17‰ accuracy of the flying height and two times the ground sampling distance). It is also shown that the performance of the DEMs strongly depends on the inclination of the terrain. The RMSE of areas up to an inclination <40° is better than 1 m. In more inclined areas the error and outlier occurrence increase for all DEMs. This study shows the level of detail to which airborne stereoscopically derived DEMs can reliably be used in high mountain environments. All four sensor systems perform similarly in flat terrain. 相似文献