共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
杨吝 《广东海洋大学学报》1991,(1)
根据农牧渔业部水产局下达的“294.2千瓦综合节能渔船”项目网具节能课题的要求,新设计了一项低阻底拖网,并进行了网模水池试验和海上实测及一周年商业性捕鱼生产,获得了很好的效果。试验和捕鱼生产结果充分证明:新设计的拖网网口高、阻力小、渔获量高,是一种较为理想的节能型双船底拖网网型,具有增产节能兼优的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
2.
Trawl is a main fishing gear in Chinese fishery,capturing large fish and letting small ones at large.However,long-term use of trawl would result in changes of phenotypic traits of the fish stocks,such as smaller size-at-age and earlier age-at-maturation.In this study,we simulated a fish population with size characteristics of trawl fishing and the population produces one generation of offspring and lives for one year,used trawl to exploit the simulated fish population,and captured individuals by body size.We evaluated the impact of the changes on selectivity parameters,such as selective range and the length at 50% retention.Under fishing pressure,we specified the selectivity parameters,and determined that smaller selection rates and greater length at 50% retention were associated with an increased tendency towards miniaturization. 相似文献
3.
Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bot-tom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007.A total number of 1155 individuals,ranging from 49 to 249mmin standard length was examined.The age of the fish was determined from sagittal otoliths.One year growth was made up of onetranslucent and one opaque zone.A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy,Logistic andGompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data.ARSS indicated that there were no significant differences in growth betweensexes in the three growth models (P>0.05),and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L<,t>=292.8{1-exp[-0.167(t 1.116)]} was se-lected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike's information criterion (AIC). 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,(5)
Long-term fishing pressure affects the biological characteristics of exploited fish stocks. The biological characteristics of hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus) in the East China Sea are unable to recover because of long-term trawling. Fishing induces evolutionary effects on the fish's biological characteristics. Evidence of these changes includes small size at age, a shift to earlier age structure, and early maturation. Natural and artificial selection usually affect the fish's life history. Selection can induce different chances of reproduction, and individual fish can give a different genetic contribution to the next generation. In this study, analysis of time-dependent probability of significance and test of sensitivity were used to explore the effects of fish exploitation rate, mesh size, and heritability with long-term trawling. Results showed that fishing parameters were important drivers to exploited fish population. However, genetic traits altered by fishing were slow, and the changes in biological characteristics were weaker than those caused by fishing selection. Exploitation rate and mesh size exhibited similar evolutionary trend tendency under long-term fishing. The time-dependent probability of significance trend showed a gradual growth and tended to be stable. Therefore, the direction of fishing-induced evolution and successful management of fish species require considerable attention to contribute to sustainable fisheries in China. 相似文献
5.
������ 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):535-546
Fish traps were investigated to understand the effects of season, bait type, trap size, and trap soak time on catch rates, catch composition, and trap loss rates from March 2004 to September 2005, to improve the performance and management of Kuwait’s gargoor (cage style fish trap) fishery, which used to be the nation’s most important one in terms of value and landings volume. Catch rates were the highest in April/May (5-8 kg/trap haul) and again in December (7 kg/trap haul). Bait type and trap size also affected catch rates and species composition. Of the seven baits tested, the best catch rates, >5 kg/trap haul, occurred with cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis), but wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab) and mullet (Liza klunzingeri) also produced good results (4-5 kg/trap haul). Within the five tested sizes, the two largest-sized traps captured more fish and larger size fish. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences of catch rate among traps with different baits as well as among traps of different sizes. Duncan test further revealed these differences between two specific baits and sizes. Cluster Analysis of species composition showed more differences among different baits than among different trap sizes. Longer soak times did not result in larger catch rates, but increased trap loss. About 10-day soak time resulted in trap loss 7%, while 40-day soak time could result in a loss of around 20%. Consequently, it is recommended that the gargoor be checked every 10 or fewer days. The average overall catch rate during the study period was lower than that of 1980s (4.5 vs. 5.8 kg/trap haul), indicating a possible decline of fish abundance in Kuwait’s waters. It is recommended that the number of gargoor fishing boats and gargoors from each boat should be limited to allow stock rehabilitation. 相似文献
6.
林东年 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(3):36-41
报道了 2 86 .0 0m× 14 4.4 0m( 99.50m)变水层大网目拖网生产和网模试验情况 ,对网目尺寸、网口周长、配纲系数、网位调整、拖速与捕捞对象等方面进行适渔性分析 ,并分析了该网具的捕捞效果。结果表明 ,变水层大网目拖网具有阻力小、网型轻巧、网口扩张性能良好、网口高、破网率低等优点。试验船与对比船相比 ,产量增长 2 4 .53% ,产值增长 2 8.35% ,日创值增长 2 3.83% ,平均网产增长 19.2 3%。生产对比期间 ,试验船产量 131.5t ,产值 2 7.6 2万元 ,日创值 0 .95万元 ,平均网产 1.55t ,分别比对比船增长 2 4 .53%、2 8.35%、2 3.83%和 19.2 3%。该网型已在茂名市大面积推广 ,推广面达 10 0 %。 相似文献
7.
Abstact Age and growth characteristics of crimson sea bream Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu Gulf were studied through bottom trawling and gillnet fleets fishing from July 2006 to December 2007. A total
number of 1155 individuals, ranging from 49 to 249 mm in standard length was examined. The age of the fish was determined
from sagittal otoliths. One year growth was made up of one translucent and one opaque zone. A maximum likelihood estimation
procedure was used to fit the Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz growth functions to the length-at-age data. ARSS indicated
that there were no significant differences in growth between sexes in the three growth models (P>0.05), and the Von Bertalanffy growth function L
t
=292.8{1−exp [−0.167(t+1.116)]} was selected as the most appropriate growth model according to Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). 相似文献
8.
We conducted acoustical surveys with a horizontal beam transducer to detect fish and with a vertical beam transducer to detect depth and macrophytes in two typical shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River in November 2013. Both lakes are subject to active fish management with annual stocking and removal of large fish. The purpose of the study was to compare hydroacoustic horizontal beam estimates with fish landings. The preliminary results show that the fish distribution patterns dif fered in the two lakes and were af fected by water depth and macrophyte coverage. The hydroacoustically estimated fish biomass matched the commercial catch very well in Niushan Lake, but it was two times higher in Kuilei Lake. However, acoustic estimates included all fish, whereas the catch included only fish 45 cm(smaller ones were released). We were unable to determine the proper regression between acoustic target strength and fish length for the dominant fish species in the two lakes. 相似文献
9.
通过对东海区鲳鱼近年群体组成变化及银鲳生物学特性变化来分析目前鲳鱼资源利用状况,结果表明：一方面,虽然近年鲳鱼产量大幅增加,但其平均体重、优势叉长组成及年龄组成均出现明显下降,资源状况日益恶化;另一方面,1龄鱼已占渔获的93．68％,目前捕捞现行点开捕年龄tc=1和捕捞死亡系数F＝2．51,单位补充量繁殖力相对百分比P＜1．9％,单位补充量渔获量(Yw／R)为70g／尾,均显示已处于严重的生物学型捕捞过度．建议渔业管理部门大力削减作业渔船约50％,严格控制捕捞强度,逐步推迟开捕年龄至3龄以上,使鲳鱼资源真正能够永续利用。 相似文献
10.
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data (1952–2010) describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake (a decrease from seven to two species). In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake. 相似文献
11.
GUO Jianzhong ZHANG Chi LI Jianchao TIAN Yongjun YE Zhenjiang LI Zhixin GAO Zihui 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):409-420
As fish stocks have been overexploited and catches have decreased over the last few years,the cephalopod catch has increased globally to the point that they are now among the most important marine resources in the world.Climate change and hu-man activities greatly affect the growth and abundance of cephalopods.Understanding how the individual growth of key species varies and how they respond to environmental changes is essential for an effective fishery management.Loliolus beka and Amphioc-topus fangsiao are two dominant species in the cephalopod community of Yellow Sea(YS).Both of them are commercially impor-tant and have great ecological values.Herein,we compared the body weights(BW)of these two species from 2011 to 2018 based on an analysis of biological parameters(i.e.,mantle length and BW)from trawl surveys in the YS.Considerable temporal variations in the BW of the two species are apparent.Specifically,the BW of L.beka was the lowest in 2011 and the highest in 2017,and the well growth was noted in 2015-2018.The BW of A.fangsiao was the lowest in 2013 and the highest in 2016,while well growth was ob-served in 2015-2016.Mixed-effect models indicate that the BW of these species correlates significantly with the sea surface tem-perature(SST)and Southern Oscillation Index(SOI),suggesting the impact of the regional environment associated with strong ENSO events on BW.In a different response window,growth increases with increased SST and decreases with increased SOI.The consistent patterns of the BW of these cephalopods in response to environmental factors demonstrate they can be employed as indi-cator species for studying environmental change in the YS.Our results improve the understanding of the responses of cephalopods to environmental changes in the YS,as well as the mechanisms that drive their growth.Such information is critical for the effective management and sustainable development of cephalopod fisheries in this region. 相似文献
12.
In the Indian Ocean, bigeye tuna supports one of the most important fisheries in the world. This fishery mainly consists of two components: longline and purse seine fisheries. Evidence of overfishing and stock depletion of bigeye tuna calls for an evaluation of alternative management strategies. Using an age-structured operating model, parameterized with the results derived in a recent stock assessment, we evaluated the effectiveness of applying constant fishing mortality (CF) and quasi-constant fishing mortality (QCF) strategies to reduce fishing effort of purse seining with fish aggregating devices (FADs) at different rates. Three different levels of productivity accounted for the uncertainty in our understanding of stock productivity. The study shows that the results of CF and QCF are similar. Average SSB and catch during simulation years would be higher if fishing mortality of FAD-associated purse seining was reduced rapidly. The banning or rapid reduction of purse seining with FAD resulted in a mean catch, and catch in the last simulation year, higher than that of the base case in which no change was made to the purse seine fishery. This could be caused by growth overfishing by purse seine fisheries with FADs according to the per-recruit analysis. These differences would be more obvious when stock productivity was low. Transferring efforts of FAD-associated purse seining to longline fisheries is also not feasible. Our study suggests that changes are necessary to improve the performance of the current management strategy. 相似文献
13.
基于频度统计和神经网络的北太平洋柔鱼渔场预报模型比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2004~2010年北太平洋鱿钓船队生产数据和海洋环境数据,以海表温度(SST)1℃、海面高度(SSH)为1 cm、叶绿素a浓度(CHL-a)为0.1 mg/m3的间距,分析作业产量、CPUE与SST、SSH、CHL-a的关系,得到柔鱼渔场适宜环境因子范围,并将生产数据和环境数据匹配组成样本集,建立北太平洋柔鱼空间分布BP神经网络模型;利用2011年环境数据预报柔鱼渔场,并与2011年实际生产数据进行对比。结果表明,6~10月各月实际作业位置落入基于频度统计方法预报渔场的概率达90%以上;而BP模型预报的平均精度为79.2%,最低精度为52.5%。基于多环境因子的频度统计柔鱼渔场预报模型优于神经网络模型。 相似文献
14.
北部湾二长棘鲷生长、死亡及其群体组成 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用2006年7月至2008年3月北部湾渔业商业捕捞底拖网和刺网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾二长棘鲷的生长、死亡及其群体组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,北部湾二长棘鲷优势体长70～140 mm,占82.2%;优势体重为20～60 g,占54.29%;ARSS分析表明雌雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),繁殖期性比为1.21∶1;von Bertalanffy生长方程的主要参数分别为:L∞=292.8 mm,K=0.167,t0=-1.116;体重的生长拐点为5.463龄;总死亡系数、自然死亡系数和捕捞死亡系数分别为1.041 4、0.282 8和0.752 6,当前开发率为0.728。 相似文献
15.
Anthropogenic impacts on hyperbenthos in the coastal waters of Sishili Bay, Yellow Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A survey on the hyperbenthic communities was carried out in the coastal waters of Sishili Bay in the Yellow Sea in July 2009, to investigate the impact of putative anthropogenic activities related to the presence of a sewage outfall, a harbor and an aquaculture site on the benthic ecosystem. An Agassiz net trawl was used to collect hyperbenthos at 10 sampling stations. Species, diversity, abundance, and biomass were analyzed against water sample data and historical data obtained from records from nearby Yantai City. Fifty-two species were identified in the region, of which Crustacea were the most abundant taxon, followed by Echinodermata. Dominant species included five crustaceans, two echinoderms, one mollusk and one fish species. The results of a BIOENV analysis show that the concentrations of NO3-N and Chl-a were slightly positively correlated with hyperbenthic community structure, while other factors were negatively correlated, including sediment grain size and the percentage of TN and TOC in sediment. Abundance- Biomass Comparison （ABC method） curves indicate that the hyperbenthos in Sishili Bay had been disturbed by putative sources of human activities. Eight out of 10 stations were classified as ＂moderately perturbed＂ to ＂perturbed＂. 相似文献
16.
The stock of Bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean supports an important international fishery and is considered to be fully exploited. The responsible management agency, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission(IOTC), does not have an explicit management decision-making framework in place to prevent over-fishing. In this study, we evaluated three harvest control rules, i) constant fishing mortality(CF), from 0.2 to 0.6, ii) constant catch(CC), from 60000 to 140000 t, and iii) constant escapement(CE), from 0.3 to 0.7. The population dynamics simulated by the operating model was based on the most recent stock assessment using Stock Synthesis version Ⅲ(SS3). Three simulation scenarios(low, medium and high productivity) were designed to cover possible uncertainty in the stock assessment and biological parameters. Performances of three harvest control rules were compared on the basis of three management objectives(over 3, 10 and 25 years): i) the probability of maintaining spawning stock biomass above a level that can sustain maximum sustainable yield(MSY) on average, ii) the probability of achieving average catches between 0.8 MSY and 1.0 MSY, and iii) inter-annual variability in catches. The constant escapement strategy(CE=0.5), constant fishing mortality strategy(F=0.4) and constant catch(CC=80000) were the most rational among the respective management scenarios. It is concluded that the short-term annual catch is suggested at 80000 t, and the potential total allowable catch for a stable yield could be set at 120000 t once the stock had recovered successfully. All the strategies considered in this study to achieve a ‘tolerable' balance between resource conservation and utilization have been based around the management objectives of the IOTC. 相似文献
17.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(4)
A habitat model has been widely used to manage marine species and analyze relationship between species distribution and environmental factors.The predictive skill in habitat model depends on whether the models include appropriate explanatory variables.Due to limited habitat range,low density,and low detection rate,the number of zero catches could be very large even in favorable habitats.Excessive zeroes will increase the bias and uncertainty in estimation of habitat.Therefore,appropriate explanatory variables need to be chosen first to prevent underestimate or overestimate species abundance in habitat models.In addition,biotic variables such as prey data and spatial autocovariate(SAC) of target species are often ignored in species distribution models.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of input variables on the performance of generalized additive models(GAMs) under excessive zero catch(70%).Five types of input variables were selected,i.e.,(1) abiotic variables,(2) abiotic and biotic variables,(3) abiotic variables and SAC,(4) abiotic,biotic variables and SAC,and(5) principal component analysis(PCA) based abiotic and biotic variables and SAC.Belanger 's croaker Johnius belangerii is one of the dominant demersal fish in Haizhou Bay,with a large number of zero catches,thus was used for the case study.Results show that the PCA-based GAM incorporated with abiotic and biotic variables and SAC was the most appropriate model to quantify the spatial distribution of the croaker.Biotic variables and SAC were important and should be incorporated as one of the drivers to predict species distribution.Our study suggests that the process of input variables is critical to habitat modelling,which could improve the performance of habitat models and enhance our understanding of the habitat suitability of target species. 相似文献
18.
Standardization of CPUE for Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) from Chinese trawl fleets in the high seas of the Southeast Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The generalized linear model (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM) were applied to the standardization of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for Chilean jack mackerel from Chinese factory trawl fishing fleets in the Southeast Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2010 by removing the operational, environmental, spatial and temporal impacts. A total of 9 factors were selected to build the GLM and GAM, i.e., Year, Month, Vessel, La Niña and El Niño events (ELE), Latitude, Longitude, Sea surface temperature (SST), SST anomaly (SSTA), Nino3.4 index and an interaction term between Longitude and Latitude. The first 5 factors were significant components in the GLM, which in combination explained 27.34% of the total variance in nominal CPUE. In the stepwise GAM, all factors explained 30.78% of the total variance, with Month, Year and Vessel as the main factors influencing CPUE. The higher CPUE occurred during the period April to July at a SST range of 12–15°C and a SSTA range of 0.2–1.0°C. The CPUE was significantly higher in normal years compared with that in La Niña and El Niño years. The abundance of Chilean jack mackerel declined during 2001 and 2010, with an increase in 2007. This work provided the relative abundance index of Chilean jack mackerel for stock assessment by standardizing catch and effort data of Chinese trawl fisheries and examined the influence of temporal, spatial, environmental and fisheries operational factors on Chilean jack mackerel CPUE. 相似文献
19.
方目网囊对蓝圆鲹和多齿蛇鲻的选择性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为检测方目网囊对蓝圆鱼参和多齿蛇鲻的选择作用 ,2 0 0 0年 1 1～ 1 2月在南海北部海域试验了 4种目大的方目网囊。结果表明 ,方形网目网囊有利于释放纺缍形 (如蓝圆 鱼参)、圆形或近圆形 (如多齿蛇鲻 )两种形体鱼类的小、幼鱼 ,且对后者的释放效果更好。当网囊目大分别为 45、5 0mm时 ,蓝圆鱼参的5 0 %选择体长 (L0 .5)分别为 1 2 1 2 2、1 2 8 77mm ;当网囊目大分别为 40、45、5 0mm时 ,多齿蛇鲻的L0 5分别为 1 2 4 1 2、1 2 6 75、1 3 9 3 2mm。通过不同目大网囊对蓝圆鱼参、多齿蛇鲻选择性比较分析 ,发现 5 0mm目大方目网囊的选择效果好于 40、45mm目大的网囊 ,因此 ,在南海区拖网渔业中采用 5 0mm目大的方目网囊是必要的 ,同时建议将 1 5 0mm作为蓝圆鱼参、多齿蛇鲻的最小可捕叉长标准。 相似文献
20.
【目的】研究底拖网作业对珠江口香港海域底层鱼类的影响。【方法】根据2007-2009年及2014-2016年在珠江口香港海域进行的定点底拖网调查数据,分析该海域在禁止底拖网捕捞实施前后鱼类种类组成及生物量和生态多样性指数,评估5种典型底层鱼类资源的变化。【结果与结论】该海域捕获鱼类种类数在禁止底拖网作业后明显增加,鱼类种类数量从44种升至73种。种类丰富度指数D变化范围为:2007至2009年,4.937~5.711,2014至2016年,6.559~7.074;多样性指数H'变化范围为:2007至2009年,1.945~2.841,2014至2016年,2.220~2.381;均匀度指数J变化范围为:2007至2009年,0.539~0.776,2014至2016年,0.557~0.600。卵鳎Solea ovata、韦式羊舌鮃Arnoglossus waitei、尖嘴魟Dasyatis zugei这3种底层鱼类禁止底拖网实施后在数量(number)和生物量(biomass)上都增幅明显。不同站位数量和生物量的数值在“禁拖令”实施后也都有所增加,其中以站位2(大屿山以北,较靠近香港国际机场海域)增加最为显著。 相似文献