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1.
Ecosystem services(ES) are highly impacted by human-induced land-use change.Progressive urbanization and agricultural land abandonment in Western Europe necessitate assessments of future land-change impacts on ES to ensure sustainable service management. The present study aims at evaluating future demand and supply of three key services(flood protection, nearby recreation and biodiversity) in the mountainous region of Vorarlberg, Austria. We mapped the ES for the referenced time step 2016 and two scenarios for 2050,assuming the continuation of current land-change trends and pressure on landscape development.Results for the referenced landscape in 2016 show the highest ES supply for intermediate levels, while ES supply was low in the lowlands and valley bottoms and in high-elevation areas. We found a high positive correlation of ES with the distribution of forested areas. In contrast, service demand was highest in lowelevation areas and decreased with increasing elevation. This indicates that densely settled and intensively used agricultural areas currently suffer from ES undersupply. The projected future development of land use showed an increase in both supply and demand of the selected ES. The overall service supply increased more than the respective demand due to some reforestation of open land. As forests were found to be important synergistic areas for overall service provision, we expect decreasing demand on related services. Locally, demand was found to exceed the supply of ES, especially in the densely populated Rhine valley-requiring further policy interventions. Such ES-related information may contribute to regional policy making and ensure the long-term provision of ESs for future generations.  相似文献   

2.
随着我国社会经济的不断发展,居民对医疗的需求不断增加,分析评估城市医疗设施服务范围,对解决医疗供需矛盾,提升城市健康水平具有重要意义。目前国内医疗设施服务覆盖评估,多忽视交通网络与人群分布因素,致使城市医疗服务存在不少覆盖盲区。山地城市复杂地形环境影响居民出行能力与出行方式,增大医疗设施服务覆盖的难度,传统方法难以对其准确评估。本文在分析比对现有医疗可达性研究方法优劣势的基础上,以重庆市主城区为实验区,试图针对性地采用优化两步移动搜寻法,并根据网络地图数据、官方统计数据,基于GIS平台建立医疗设施可达性分析模型,从市域、片区与社区3个层级科学评估医疗设施服务覆盖范围与各街镇医疗可达性。结果表明,改进后的方法更能处理海量医疗数据,准确模拟医疗服务范围,并输出全层级医疗设施服务覆盖评估结果,更适用于交通复杂的山地地区与多层级医疗设施服务覆盖评估。综合评估显示,重庆市主城区医疗设施服务存在大型综合医院空间分布不均、基层医疗设施内部覆盖不全的问题,并且医疗覆盖度较好的街镇仅占总数的33.1%。据此,建议老城区集聚的优质大型医疗资源向新城地区共享的同时,按照地理区位与技术能力划分、组建层级完备的医疗片区,补齐老城区基层医疗服务的短板,以期完善重庆主城区医疗设施配置。  相似文献   

3.
Overwhelming water-deficiency conditions and an unbalanced water supply and demand have been major concerns of both the Chinese government and the general public during recent decades. Studying the spatial-temporal patterns and impact factors that influence water retention in China is important to enhance the management of water resources in China and other similar countries. We employed a revised Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model and regression analyses to investigate the water retention service in China. The results showed that the southeastern China generally performed much better than Northwest China in terms of the spatial distribution of water retention. In general, the efficacy of the water retention service in China increased from 2000 to 2014; although some areas still had a downward trend. Water retention service increased significantly(P 0.05) in aggregate in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the Da Hinggan Mountains and Xiao Hinggan Mountains. However, the service in southwestern China showed a decreasing trend(P 0.05), which would have significant negative impact on the downstream population. This study also showed that in China the changes in water retention service were primarily due to climate change(which could explain 83.49% of the total variance), with anthropogenic impact as a secondary influence(likewise the ecological programs and socioeconomic development could explain 9.47% and 1.06%, respectively). Moreover, the identification of water retention importance indicated that important areas conservation and selection based on downstream beneficiaries is vital for optimization protection of ecosystem services, and has practical significance for natural resources and ecosystem management.  相似文献   

4.
探究高密度城市公园绿地资源空间配置的有效性和供需平衡问题对城市规划和居民生活具有重要意义。已有研究较少从多尺度、多交通出行模式以及结合地图大数据算法的角度对公园绿地可达性进行探究。本文以广州市越秀区为例,利用百度地图多交通出行数据,提出一种结合多类型公园绿地多级可达时间阈值的改进型引力模型,对越秀区公园绿地的空间可达性及其供需平衡特征进行研究。结果表明：① 越秀区各尺度和各类型公园绿地可达性差异显著,城区尺度可达性大体上呈现由北向南逐层递减趋势,街道尺度可达性则表现出明显的“极化”现象,大型公园绿地可达性远高于社区公园和街头游园且在城市整体可达性中占主体地位;② 从空间集聚情况来看,城区尺度公园绿地可达性值呈现明显的空间集聚分布特征,由北向南表现为高值聚类、不显著、低值聚类,街道尺度相比城区尺度高值聚类减少,低值聚类和无统计意义的区域增多;③ 基于供需平衡视角的空间可达性结果显示,公园绿地供给与居民需求在城区尺度和街道尺度分别呈现出整体平衡和局部失衡的现象,局部失衡主要集中在公园绿地资源相对匮乏的街道。  相似文献   

5.
由于城镇化发展迅速、居民对医疗服务需求的提高,使得城市人口密集区域医疗服务压力增大,因此进行医疗服务设施可达性分析具有重要意义。本文以福州市主城区为例,医疗数据来自于福州市卫健委,利用爬虫技术获得小区户数进行人口估算,基于早、中、晚各时段的实时路况信息,计算居民点到医疗服务设施的最优路径旅行时间,并绘制医疗服务等时区,利用高斯距离衰减函数改进的两步移动搜法（Gaussian-Two Step Floating Catchment Area Method, Ga-2SFCA）,考虑出行模式,对福州市主城区二级以上医院进行可达性分析。结果表明：① 驾车出行模式下,医疗服务覆盖率和居民就医可达性要明显好于公共交通出行模式;② 驾车出行模式下,医疗服务可达性受出行时段影响较大;而公共交通出行方式下,各时段差异较小;③ 随着时间阈值的增大,居民点的医疗服务可达性等级提升,且高等级可达性范围逐渐扩大;④ 驾车模式下的医疗可达性空间分布和道路保持一致,呈现出“环线层次”的现象;而公共交通模式下的可达性空间分布由于受到城市公交微循环系统的影响,呈现出“轴向扩张”的现象。  相似文献   

6.
人口老龄化是当前社会关注的重点问题之一,养老设施配置得合理与否对城市品质提升和社会公平地实现至关重要。当前对养老设施的研究已不在少数,但多从养老机构或社区养老设施的单一视角进行分析,评价内容集中于设施数量和空间分布的合理性,导致研究结果有所局限。因此,本文基于2018年武汉市社区级老年常住人口数据、2020年武汉市养老设施数据和道路交通等多源大数据,首先将社区养老设施纳入城市养老服务体系,并从养老设施和养老服务两大角度综合评价设施的供需匹配关系,结果表明： ① 区域层面,武汉市养老设施供需均呈现出中心城区集聚,外围分散的“核心-边缘”特征,但仍然存在数量等级体系不合理以及区域配置水平差距大等问题;② 社区层面,运用两步移动搜索法,发现武汉市养老设施供需匹配度：都市发展区>中心城区>外围城区;③ 养老服务上,武汉市医疗保健类和精神慰藉类服务供需匹配关系较差,且设施普遍缺少专业化的服务供给,高品质多样化的养老需求较难得到满足。针对武汉市养老设施和养老服务的供需匹配问题,本文从体系构建、空间布局以及实施管理方面提出了优化建议,同时运用最小设施点数模型将建议落实至空间层面,以期为类似地区养老设施规划提供有效参考。  相似文献   

7.
基于多维感知对城市活力进行综合评价并探索其用地特征,是提升城市智慧化水平、实现精准规划和有机更新的重要基础。本研究以厦门岛为例,基于社交媒体签到数据、夜间灯光影像数据、POI数据和LBS大数据,从社会、经济、文化和空间4个维度感知城市活力,使用核密度、数据网格化和最优聚类法,分析城市活力的空间特征,并探讨不同活力区域的土地利用结构、功能多样性和开发强度等用地特征。研究发现：① 基于多源数据的城市活力多维感知方法可精准、有效评估城市空间特征和发展动态;② 厦门岛社会、经济、文化和空间维度城市活力的空间分布存在一定差异,4类活力区域呈现出西部连绵成带、东部围绕商务区和大型设施集中的特征;③ 各类活力区域的用地特征存在较大差异。第一类区域的公共管理与公共服务用地占比和第二类区域的商业服务业用地占比最高,均接近20%。集聚可显著提升城市活力,建设用地周边1000 m范围内的功能混合度更为重要。居住和商业服务业设施用地的活力水平随着开发强度的降低而降低,高值区容积率均在2.0以上。  相似文献   

8.
Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a "source". On the basis of natural environmental characteristics, this study selected six type of ecosystem services for evaluation, including water retention, soil retention, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, sandstorm prevention, and tourism. According to the attributes of each ecosystem service flow, we calculated the flow length and traffic accessibility indexes, using Arc GIS hydrological module and kernel functions separately, to comprehensively analyse the ecological importance levels of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results showed that after considering the service flows, the ecologically important zone shifted to the core area of the Three River Source Region, such as Zadoi County located in the Tanggula Mountains. The area of extreme importance is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, Tanggula Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, and Qilian Mountains, which accounts for 31.7% of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, providing approximately 60% of the ecosystem services and having extremely high protection efficiency and protection value. By introducing ecosystem service flow indexes, this study confirmed the ecological importance of core source areas such as the Tanggula Mountains, weakened the space bias caused by not considering the spatial transfer of ecosystem services, and provided technical support for optimizing ecological protection strategies and coordinating regional development.  相似文献   

9.
China is undergoing a rapid urbanization process, and urbanization will have a direct impact on regional ecosystems and affect regional ecosystem services. Considering the mountainous counties in Southwestern China as the research object, this study reveals the spatial clustering characteristics of four typical ecosystem services(food production, soil conservation, water yield and carbon sequestration)as well as the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services in different urbanized areas. At the same time, piecewise linear regression is used to determine the threshold of the influence of urbanization on ecosystem services. The results indicate that: 1) There are spatial autocorrelations among the four typical ecosystem services; with strong clustering characteristics, the positive correlation types are "clustered" locally; and with significant spatial heterogeneity, the negative correlation types are scattered and mainly appear in the highly urbanized area. 2) There are also remarkable differences in the relationship among various ecosystem services in different urbanized areas, and in particular, there are marked trade-offs between food production and carbon sequestration in the moderately urbanized area and the highly urbanized area. However, there are synergies between them in the lowly urbanized area. 3) With an increase in the compounded night light index(CNLI), water yield, carbon sequestration, food production and overall ecosystem services values present an increasing-decreasing trend, the soil conservation function value shows a decreasing-increasing trend.The response of water yield, carbon sequestration,food production, and overall ecosystem services to the compounded night light index(CNLI) has a threshold of 1.2642, 1.4833, 1.3388, 1.5146 and 1.2237,respectively. Based on the detected relationships between urbanization and ecosystem services, this study provides a theoretical reference for the selection of urbanization development models in key ecological functional areas.  相似文献   

10.
夜间经济是一个城市经济发展和消费水平的重要表征。目前国内外研究者对夜间经济的研究多停留在理论层面,或基于市场调研和问卷调查的小范围精细化研究。本文融合多源数据为夜间经济提供了新的视角,相较于传统的调查数据,具有更加快速、高效、广泛的特点,适合于夜间经济大范围研究。本文基于夜间灯光、POI、OD流等多源数据,采用DBSCAN、K-Means++等空间聚类算法和研究供需关系的盈亏法,分别从消费者角度和商户角度识别厦门市夜间活动热点区域和夜间服务设施分布区域,分析厦门市夜间经济时空分布格局及相关性。研究表明:① 厦门市夜间活动在空间上呈多环状分布并向四周递减,夜间活动热点区域分布受假期的影响因地而异;② 厦门市部分区域已有服务设施未能很好地服务于夜间经济,现有的照明、夜景等夜间灯光基础设施存在供给不足之处;③ 居住人口密度与夜间活动密度呈中度正相关,研究结果具有有效性,夜间服务设施盈亏值及数量、夜间灯光与夜间活动密度呈中、弱度相关,并且餐饮设施更加依赖于夜间灯光。最后,为厦门市未来夜间经济建设提出了根据不同的消费人群和心理提供不同的夜间服务、加强夜间灯光基础设施建设以及市场扶持的举措。研究结论对促进社会就业、增强基础设施使用率有积极意义,同时也能够为城市夜间经济发展和政策制定提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
This article examines the spatial characteristics of public service supply and the factors influencing such supply in cities of Sichuan Province, China using spatial-autocorrelation and spatial econometric models with statistical data in 2012. The results demonstrate that expenditures on different types of public services present different spatial autocorrelation patterns. Although the spatial differences in basic public service expenditures are relatively small, a clear fan-shaped spillover to the east can be seen in Chengdu City. Chengdu also shows high clustering of advanced public service expenditures, being a typical core-periphery pattern. Post-earthquake reconstruction expenditures are clustered in the ＂5.12 Wenchuan earthquake＂ region and spill over toward cities to the east. The efficiency of public services in the mountainous areas in western Sichuan is low and exhibits a pattern of low-low spatial autocorrelation. The efficiency of public service supply is affected by economic, social, political and geographical factors. Based on the results of this analysis, we recommend a supply strategy that incorporates different types of public services and a specialized public service supply strategy for mountainous areas. Overall public service efficiency should be enhanced by focusing on narrowing the gap in farmers＇ income among regions and accelerating urbanization. Decision-makers should consider moresupportive policies with regard to providing basic public services in mountainous areas to ensure an equalized supply of basic public services. To enhance the efficiency of advanced public service supply, additional growth pole should be encouraged and incentivized; however, investments are required to drive the development of the peripheral regions through regional economic integration. Both software and hardware types of infrastructure are required to supply services efficiently during post-disaster reconstruction.  相似文献   

12.
当前我国人口形势面临老龄化与少子化风险,抓好“一老一小”、确保老有所养和幼有所育成为我国城乡发展中特别关注的方面。在这一背景下,如何营造有利于养老和生育的社会环境,如何针对老年人、育龄妇女和儿童等弱势人群提供更为合理的设施配置成为民生工程的重要内容。社区服务设施作为城市公共服务的空间载体,其配置模式的完善与提升是落实以人为本、集中体现社会公平的重要路径。当前,从网络地图规划路径API获取的出行时间成本矩阵能够为可达性研究提供接近真实的出行时间数据,此外个体化的人口数据如实有人口数据能够以其丰富的属性信息为识别各类弱势人群提供依据,同时精确刻画人口的空间分布。本文基于弱势人群的需求特征与相关规范,对老年人、育龄妇女和儿童三类弱势人群提出了明确定义,并构建了面向各类弱势人群个体使用需求的社区服务设施供给标准。在此基础上,利用实有人口数据、网络地图出行时间成本矩阵和POI数据,综合考虑社区服务设施的服务容量,提出了基于弱势人群个体可达性评价的社区服务设施供给评价与布局优化方法,并以广州市人民南社区为例进行了应用实践。研究表明,人民南社区的弱势人群服务设施供给存在不足,优化配置后设施的供需情况更加合理,服务人口覆盖率亦明显提升。本文提出的方法能够从独立个体尺度精确评价社区弱势人群服务设施的布局合理性,在拓展数据类型及应用方法方面为当前人口形势下精细化研究服务设施的空间分布和供需问题提供新的思路。  相似文献   

13.
As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.  相似文献   

14.
City networks have been a critical topic in the fields of urban geography and regional economics. Numerous studies have explored city networks, focusing mainly on infrastructure and industrial networks. Unlike traditional urban network of which the major measuring indexes are population sizes and entity industries, online commodity service networks could reflect well the influencing of emerging economies, especially the Internet economy, on city networks. This study analyzes and reveals structural features of China’s city networks through online commodity services, providing the internet economic approach on city networks. Results indicate that the core cities of online commodity service networks are mainly concentrated in eastern coastal areas. In addition, spatial polarization and layer structure of network connections are obvious, descending from the centers in eastern China to peripheral cities in central and western China. Online commodity services of different cities show apparent differences and uncertainties in terms of specialization rates of international connection, which presents a tendency toward diversification. Online commodity service networks are not only associated with goods production, supply, and consumption in physical space but also reflect virtual information, capital, and technology flows, thus providing a new empirical approach for understanding city networks in information and internet economic age.  相似文献   

15.
城市时空大数据技术的快速发展和应用,为城市功能区识别提供了新的数据基础和技术手段,但专门关于城市公共服务设施复合功能的研究还相对较少。基于北京市9大类公共服务设施的空间点数据,综合考虑不同类型公共服务设施等级和品质特征,采用累计机会方法对1 km×1 km格网尺度的北京城市公共服务设施可达性进行了综合评价,在此基础上重点分析了北京城市公共服务设施复合功能特征与影响因素。研究表明：① 北京城市公共服务设施累计机会空间分布存在明显的中心集聚特征,但不同类型公共服务设施的空间分布模式和覆盖范围却有所区别;② 北京城市公共服务设施功能区可以划分为单一功能、单一化的复合功能、2种复合功能、3种复合功能和均衡化的复合功能等5大类型;③ 人口密度、距市中心距离、土地价格和经营性为主设施的累计机会可达性是影响北京城市公共服务设施复合功能的重要因素。研究结论对进一步细化城市功能区研究和促进北京城市公共服务设施空间结构优化具有科学启示作用。  相似文献   

16.
公共厕所作为最典型的公共设施,反映出城市的文明程度和管理服务水平,是打造城市文明形象的重要窗口。当前的研究主要集中在公共厕所的可达性和覆盖范围,把公共厕所当做空间上的点无差别对待,忽略了不同功能区公共厕所空间分布所异质性的问题。如何建立全面精准的公共厕所空间评价体系,分析不同区域公共厕所的综合服务能力在当前研究中明显不足,不利于公共厕所的配置规划和基本公共服务均等化的推进。多源数据的涌现为城市公共设施的研究提供了新视角,为此本文提出一个城市功能区视角下基于POI大数据的公共厕所空间布局合理性评价方法。利用词频-逆文本频率（Term Frequency-inverse Document Frequency,TF-IDF）信息加权技术,结合兴趣点（Point of Interest, POI）频率密度识别城市功能区,融合OpenStreetMap（OSM）路网密度数据和WorldPop人口数据设立人口出行活力指数,对城市功能区内的公共厕所服务进行评价;最后计算人口和空间覆盖率以及空间不平衡指数,判别街镇间的差别与街镇内公共厕所布局的合理性。该方法以多源数据为基础,定量分析不同功能区内公共厕所配置的合理性,并探讨公共厕所空间配置的差异化因素。以国内城市化程度最高之一的上海市为例进行计算,研究发现:① 不同的城市功能区内厕所的配置数量不同,商服功能区的规划数量最多,商服功能区中公共厕所配置的合格度也最高,此外,“工业-商服”、“绿地-商服”等商服相关的联合功能区的合格度也处于较高水平,这是由于大量商业服务机构均对外提供公共厕所服务,提升了该地区的公共厕所的服务能力;② 公共功能区内的合格度最低,仅有10.27%,与该类型附属公共厕所设施的开放程度相关;③ 上海市各街镇公共厕所的合格度整体较好,平均空间覆盖率达到67.31%,平均人口覆盖率达到70.72%;街镇内公共厕所服务和出行活力分布之间的不平衡指数从0~0.76不等,其中不平衡指数小于0.4的共有147个,占比69.34%,表明这些街镇内公共厕所空间配置比较合理。公共厕所配置合理性从上海市区向西南、东南、崇明岛有明显的递减,而向西北地区则没有明显的衰减,呈现出连片的较好的服务能力。结果表明,这种方法充分考虑了公共厕所所属功能区和人口出行活力异质性的问题,空间分析上更加精准,可以为城市公共设施规划提供参考建议。  相似文献   

17.
傅俐  王勇  曾彪  毛泳  高敏 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(10):1565-1575
针对当前医疗资源分布不均问题,本文以重庆市北碚区为例,以行政村为最小研究单元,借助GIS空间分析技术,将多级半径和高斯距离衰减函数相结合来改进两步移动搜索法,对北碚区医疗设施空间可达性进行研究。结果表明：① 改进两步移动搜索法综合考虑了医院等级规模对居民的吸引力、距离衰减因素对居民出行意愿的影响等因素,在识别高可达性区域内部差异和边缘低可达性区域方面具有较高的敏感性,因此其计算结果能够更准确地刻画北碚区的医疗设施空间可达性特征;② 北碚区整体医疗设施空间可达性较好,呈现由中心向四周递减的特征;③ 借助冷热点分析发现北碚区医疗设施可达性空间差异大,两极分异显著,高值区主要集中在东阳街道、朝阳街道、天生街道、北温泉街道和龙凤桥街道等中心城区,低值区主要集中在金刀峡镇、柳荫镇、三圣镇、复兴街道和静观镇等边缘地区。研究结果可为相关部门制定决策规划提供依据。  相似文献   

18.
Under the influence of various natural and human factors, the relationship between the ecosystem services provided for human beings by a karst ecosystem is becoming increasingly complex, profoundly limiting the effective and sustainable development of the social economy and ecosystem protection in karst areas. Taking Guizhou, China as an example, which includes both karst(including five different landforms) and non-karst area, the study explored and compared the tradeoff and synergy between ecosystem services in both terrain types. The results showed higher change rates of water yield and soil retention in karst areas than those in non-karst areas, with only small differences in the carbon storage and crop production change. The ecosystem service relationships in the karst area from 1995 to 2005 were consistent with the relationships in the non-karst area. However, differences were observed in most of these relationships from 2005 to 2015. The relationships between ecosystem services in different karst landforms from 1995 to 2005 remained the same, but there are differences found in the relationships of ecosystem services from 2005 to 2015. The trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in the different landforms were closely related to the changes of climate and land use, particularly related to rainfall, rainfall erosivity, farmland, and forestland.  相似文献   

19.
随着时代的发展,世界城市规模不断扩大,各大城市的交通需求陡然增加,而地面出行所带来的堵塞和环保问题导致政府部门把目光转向地下交通发展,其中地铁是地下交通发展中最重要的交通工具。准确划定地铁站点吸引范围,分析影响地铁站点吸引范围主要因素,不仅对于优化地铁交通服务和规划地铁周边建成环境具有重要意义,同时对于新建地铁站点设施规划具有参考价值。传统的地铁吸引范围划定方法大多依赖于居民日常出行活动的调查和经验意见,存在时间周期长且耗费巨大和吸引范围划定不准确的问题;而多源城市数据的涌现为量化地铁站点周边建成环境及客流空间分布、合理划定地铁站点提供了全新的解决方案。TOD（Transit Oriented Development,TOD）是高密度城市（如深圳、北京等）寻求的城市和交通和谐发展的重要选择,也是未来交通建设的主要参考理念。因此,从公共交通导向的开发视角出发,本文利用2017年的兴趣点、道路网络、公共交通线路等多源城市数据刻画地铁站点周围的TOD信息指标,利用K均值聚类进行地铁站点聚类,结合TOD指标的空间变化趋势,确定深圳市不同类型地铁站点的吸引范围。研究结果表明：① 基于TOD密度指标划定的地铁站点吸引范围能够揭示地铁站点的吸引范围的差异,且就业地点密度和土地混合利用度对地铁站点吸引范围的影响较大; ② 与城市非中心区域相比,城市中心区域的地铁站点吸引半径较小但出行需求较高,其凸显了地铁站点规划在空间服务密度和居民出行需求之间的取得均衡;③ 深圳市地铁站点吸引范围重叠与城市区域发展程度相关程度较高,可为利用现有地铁站点空间覆盖,发展城市功能集中区域提供参考。  相似文献   

20.
基于出租车GPS数据的居民就医时空特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
城市医疗服务在很大程度上影响着城市居民的生活质量,在公共服务领域中发挥着极其重要的作用。近年来,中国城市化发展过程中产生了海量的大数据,基于这些海量数据分析居民就医出行特征对于优化和改善城市医疗资源布局具有重要意义。本文以北京市主要医疗机构空间位置数据为基础,基于出租车GPS移动轨迹数据,采用时空统计分析方法,研究了出租车出行模式下的居民就医出行时空特征。结果表明,利用医院的OD（Origin-Destination）网络结构特征分析,可以识别出不同医院的服务范围以及受众的时空分布模式。市区尤其是四环以内医院的就医网络密集、紧凑,就医密度较高,而四环以外尤其是郊区周边,就医网络稀疏、分散,医疗资源的级别及地理位置影响了居民的就医倾向。本研究基于浮动车GPS数据开展居民就医时空行为模式挖掘研究,可以为城市医疗资源供需分析和优化配置提供决策支持。  相似文献   

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