共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
We measured the concentrations of dimethylsulfide （DMS）, acrylic acid （AA）, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate （DMSP） during growth of three microalgae： Prorocentrum micans, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Platymonas subcordiformis. The DMSP, AA, and DMS concentrations in culture media varied significantly among algal growth stages, with the highest concentrations in the late stationary growth stage or the senescent stage. In the stationary growth stage, the average DMSP concentration per cell in P. micans （0.066 5 pmol/cell） was 1.3 times that in G. oceanica （0.049 5 pmol/ cell） and 20.2 times that in P. subcordiformis （0.003 29 pmol/cell）. The average concentrations of AA were 0.044 6, 0.026 9, and 0.003 05 pmol/cell in P. micans, G. oceanica, and P. subcordiformis, respectively, higher than the concentrations of DMS （0.272, 0.497, and 0.086 2 fmol/cell, respectively）. There were significant positive correlations between cell density and AA, DMSP, and DMS concentrations. The ratios of DMS/AA and AA/（DMSP＋AA） in the three algae differed significantly over the growth cycle. In all three microalgae, the DMS/AA ratios were less than 25% during the growth period, suggesting that the enzymatic cleavage pathway, which generates DMS, was not the main DMSP degradation pathway. The changes in the DMS/AA ratio indicated that there was a higher rate of enzymatic breakdown of DMSP in the early growth period and a lower rate during senescence. In all three microalgae, the AA/（DMSP＋AA） ratio （degradation ratio of DMSP） decreased during the exponential growth phase, and then increased. The variations in these ratios can approximately indicate the cleavage mechanism of DMSP at different stages of algal growth. 相似文献
2.
Dimethylsulfide(DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) production by Scrippsiella trochoidea and Prorocentrum minimum was investigated to characterize the effects of physiological stage and salinity on DMS and DMSP pools of these two marine phytoplankton species.Axenic laboratory cultures of the two marine algae were tested for DMSP production and its conversion into DMS.The results demonstrated that both algal species could produce DMS,but the average concentration of DMS per cell in S.trochoidea(12.63 fmol/L) was about six times that in P.minimum(2.01 fmol/L).DMS and DMSP concentrations in algal cultures varied significantly at different growth stages,with high release during the late stationary growth phase and the senescent phase.DMS production induced by three salinities(22,28,34) showed that the DMS concentrations per cell in the two algal cultures increased with increasing salinity,which might result from intra-cellular DMSP up-regulation with the change of osmotic stress.Our study specifies the distinctive contributions of different physiological stages of marine phytoplankton on DMSP and DMS production,and clarifies the influence of salinity conditions on the release of DMS and DMSP.As S.trochoidea and P.minimum are harmful algal bloom species with high DMS production,they might play an additional significant role in the sulfur cycle when a red tide occurs. 相似文献
3.
The effects of changing salinity and nitrogen limitation on dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) and dimethylsulfide(DMS) concentrations were investigated in batch cultures of coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum,an ecologically important species.Changes in salinity from 20-32 caused no measurable variation in cell growth or culture yield,but increased intracellular DMSP per cell by 30%.Nitrogen limitation caused up to a two-fold increase in total DMSP per cell and up to a three-fold increase in DMS per cell.These changes in DMSP and DMS per cell in the Skeletonema costatum cultures with nitrogen limitation and changing salinity were primarily attributed to the physiological functions of DMSP as an osmolyte and an antioxidant.The data obtained in this study indicated that nitrogen limitation and salinity may play an important role in climate feedback mechanisms involving biologically derived DMS. 相似文献
4.
Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel, a harmful microalga, and its production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate
The production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its cleavage products (DMS) are well studied in phytoplankton worldwide. However, less is known about their sources, distributions, and impacts in the coast of China. We examined the production of DMSP and DMS in Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel and other benthic macroalgae from the South China coast in relation to environmental conditions. P. globosa was a harmful marine microalgal species and its bloom took place in the eutrophic waters along the South China Sea frequently. It also produced high content of DMSP at different growth stages, with the highest concentration usually observed in the stationary period. Moreover, the production of DMSP in P. globosa was significantly affected by salinity and temperature with the highest contents associated with high salinity (e.g. 40) and low temperature (e.g. 20°C). In field benthic macroalgae, there was also a marked difference in the DMSP of various species or different samples of the same species. Chlorophyll a contents were also determined for each macroalgal species. The highest chlorophyll a (238.7 ng/g fresh weight) was recorded in Chlorophyta Ulva lactuca at Guishan Island (Zhuhai), while the lowest value (1.5 ng/g fresh weight) was found in Rhodophyta Gracilaria tenuistipitata in Zhanjiang. Further correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between the content of DMSP and chl-a in macroalgae samples (P > 0.05). All the results suggested that the production of DMSP in marine algae was not only species- and stage-related, but also greatly affected by various environmental factors. 相似文献
5.
集成土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据优化人口空间化模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人口统计数据空间化是解决统计数据与自然要素数据融合分析的有效途径。随着RS和GIS技术的发展,人口统计数据空间化方法推陈出新,其中,土地利用数据、夜间灯光数据是人口空间化研究中普遍利用的数据源,但各有优、缺点：土地利用数据中的城镇用地、农村居民点能准确表示人口分布的空间范围,却不能反映其内部的人口密度差异特征;夜间灯光数据的强度信息能体现人口分布的疏密程度,但其像元溢出问题显著夸大人口分布范围,像元过饱和现象也影响着人口数据空间化结果的精度。本研究以中国大陆沿海区域为例,尝试集成土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据优化人口空间化方法,设计了基于精度阈值和动态样本的渐进回归与分区建模的方法,获得了中国沿海2000、2005、2010年1 km分辨率人口空间化数据。结果表明,优化模型显著提高了研究区整体的精度,尤其适用于人口空间结构内部差异较为显著的区域。 相似文献
6.
《中国地理科学(英文版)》2019,(4)
Multi-scale data have had a wide-ranging level of performance in the area of urban change monitoring. Herein we investigate the correlation between the impervious surface fraction(ISF) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light(NTL) data with respect to the urban expansion in the main districts of Guangzhou. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 8 Operational Land Image(OLI) data from 1988 to 2015 were used to extract the ISF using the linear spectral mixture analysis model and normal difference build-up index at the sub-pixel scale. DMSP/OLS NTL data from 1992 to 2013 were calibrated to illustrate the urban nighttime light conditions at the regional scale. Urban expansion directions were identified by statistics and kernel density analysis for the ISF study area at the sub-pixel scale. In addition, the correlation between the ISF and DMSP/OLS NTL data were illustrated by linear regression analysis. Furthermore, Profile Graph in ArcGIS was employed to illustrate the urban expansion from the differences in correlation in different directions. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The impervious surface(IS)in the study area has expanded to the northeast and the east, starting with the old urban zones, and the high-density IS area has increased by321.14 km~2. 2) The linear regression analysis reveals a positive correlation between the ISF and the DMSP/OLS NTL data. The multi-scale data changes are consistent with the actual urban planning of Guangzhou. 3) The DMSP/OLS NTL data overestimate the urban extent because of its saturation and blooming effects, causing its correlation with ISF to decrease. The pattern of urban expansion influences the saturation and blooming effects of the DMSP/OLS NTL data. 相似文献
7.
基于夜间灯光与LUC数据的川渝地区人口空间化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高精度的人口空间分布数据是开展小尺度人口活动变化规律研究的关键数据。夜间遥感影像对于反映人类社会活动具有独特的能力,因而被广泛的应用于社会经济领域的空间数据挖掘。本研究以DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据、NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据、常住人口统计数据、土地利用数据为数据源,在县级尺度上建立逐步回归模型,构建川渝地区人口空间分布数据;并随机抽取研究区内500个乡镇,以常住人口统计数据为真实数据,对人口空间化结果进行精度检验。结果表明：① 2种夜间灯光数据与人口均有较高的相关性,相关系数均在0.76以上,NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据与人口的相关性要高于DMSP/OLS,且受拟合模型的影响不大。② 与人口相关性较高的土地利用类型有多种,耕地、林地对人口空间分布也有影响,在建模时不应只考虑建成区。③ 在2种夜间灯光数据分别与土地利用与土地覆被数据（Land Use/ Land Cover, LUC）结合时,使用DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据和NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据得到的逐步回归模型的复相关系数R2分别为0.796、0.817,模型拟合率较高,而基于NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据得到的人口空间化结果分辨率（500 m）相比DMSP/OLS提高了一倍（1 km）,中心城区与周边城区人口密度变化更加自然,更符合实际人口分布情况。④ 与LUC数据结合时,使用NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据得到的人口空间化结果精度要高于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,表明NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据相比DMSP/OLS更适用于人口数据空间化研究。 相似文献
8.
美国国防气象卫星搭载的业务性线性传感器（DMSP/OLS）所获取的夜间灯光影像数据,能够客观地反映人类对城市建成区的开发建设范围与强度,已广泛地应用于城市扩展的动态监测。本文利用不变目标区域法对长时间序列DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像进行辐射校正,基于校正后的影像对2001-2013年中国东部沿海地区的城市建成区范围进行提取,结果表明：① 建成区面积从2001年的7550 km2,增加到2013年的21 650 km2,共扩展了14 100 km2,虽然建成区面积呈逐年增加的趋势,但其扩展速率则在逐步减缓,城市重心逐渐向南转移;② 在空间上形成了京津唐、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲3城市群,研究发现京津唐的中小城市面临难以获得发展资源的问题,导致了该地区发展的不平衡;③ 综合分析建成区扩展和经济统计数据,结果表明人口和经济是建成区扩展的主要驱动因子,但同时城市快速扩展也给东部沿海地区带来了一定程度的用地浪费问题;④ 由于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像受到自身空间分辨率的限制和灯光过饱和的影响,易造成城市建成区边缘细节部分的错提。新一代Suomi NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光影像在空间和光谱分辨率上均有较大提高,在后续的研究中应充分挖掘其数据优势,以期提供更加精准的城市扩展动态监测。 相似文献
9.
Dimethylsulfide in the South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＧｒｅａｔｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｗｅｒｅｄｅｖｏｔｅｄｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｓｕｌｆｉｄｅ(ＤＭＳ)ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｅａｗａｔｅｒ,ａｓｉｔａｃｃｏｕｎｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｆｌｕｘｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎｓｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ.Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒ,ｉｔｓｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｉｎｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｍａｙｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｃｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄ… 相似文献
10.
基于DMSP/OLS数据的城市中心城区提取新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据已被广泛应用于城市空间格局和城市化过程、人类活动及效应、经济水平、生态环境影响、电力能源消耗量和灾害分析等领域。本文利用DMSP/OLS的稳定灯光数据产品,首先,以辅助资料的空间对比法确定城市中心城区范围最小阈值,然后,提取DMSP数据中的每个极大值及一定范围内的临近值,作为城市中心城区范围,并将提取的范围与作为辅助资料的MODIS土地覆盖数据中相应的城市中心城区范围作线性回归分析,进而获得估算城市中心城区范围的线性模型。经验证其结果预测吻合度达到82.06%,平均相对误差为8.47%,说明利用该方法提取城市中心城区范围具有一定的可行性,可较准确地提取发展水平不同的城市的中心城区范围。 相似文献
11.
A method is described for determining dimethylI sulfide (DMS) in seawater. DMS was first extractedfrom the seawater using organic reagent, then reverse-extracted by 5% HgCl2. In the laboratory DMS wasreleased by concentrated HCI and finally measured by GC-FPD. The limit of detection me O.05 ng ofS. Measurements of DMS along surface transects and on wtital profibe across the EaSt China Sca (Ers)continental sheif showed tha itS conodIations of S in the surface seawater ranged from 64-180 ng/L andthat itS vertical djstribuion was divided into 3 trpes. Model talculations of a stagnant film show a DMSflux of 10.6 umol/m_2d the air-sea inteIha. 相似文献
12.
Using genetic algorithms to calibrate a dimethylsulfide production model in the Arctic ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
瞿波 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(3):573-582
The global climate is intimately connected to changes in the polar oceans. The variability of sea ice coverage affects deep-water formations and large-scale thermohaline circulation patterns. The polar radiative budget is sensitive to sea-ice loss and consequent surface albedo changes. Aerosols and polar cloud microphysics are crucial players in the radiative energy balance of the Arctic Ocean. The main biogenic source of sulfate aerosols to the atmosphere above remote seas is dimethylsulfide (DMS). Recent research suggests the flux of DMS to the Arctic atmosphere may change markedly under global warming. This paper describes climate data and DMS production (based on the five years from 1998 to 2002) in the region of the Barents Sea (30–35°E and 70–80°N). A DMS model is introduced together with an updated calibration method. A genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the chlorophyll-a (CHL) measurements (based on satellite SeaWiFS data) and DMS content (determined from cruise data collected in the Arctic). Significant interannual variation of the CHL amount leads to significant interannual variability in the observed and modeled production of DMS in the study region. Strong DMS production in 1998 could have been caused by a large amount of ice algae being released in the southern region. Forcings from a general circulation model (CSIRO Mk3) were applied to the calibrated DMS model to predict the zonal mean sea-to-air flux of DMS for contemporary and enhanced greenhouse conditions at 70–80°N. It was found that significantly decreasing ice coverage, increasing sea surface temperature and decreasing mixed-layer depth could lead to annual DMS flux increases of more than 100% by the time of equivalent CO2 tripling (the year 2080). This significant perturbation in the aerosol climate could have a large impact on the regional Arctic heat budget and consequences for global warming. 相似文献
13.
利用CitesSpace软件对1997-2017年DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据进行知识图谱分析,梳理国内外研究热点与演化历史,发掘研究难点,为后来研究者提供方向。本文选取Web of Science 核心数据集数据库收录的文献,进行合著特征分析、关键词共现分析和文献共被引分析。结果表明：① 夜间灯光数据相关研究最活跃的国家、机构和作者分别是美国、中国科学院和Elvidge;② 社会经济条件估计（人口、人口密度和电力）和城市扩展变化监测一直是国内外研究的热点和前沿;③ 目前的研究难点是如何减少灯光溢出效应以及灯光过饱和现象对研究精度的影响;④ 研究学科交叉性强,涉及地理学、测绘科学与技术、应用经济学、社会学等领域。因此,未来的研究趋势主要表现在数据处理方法的优化、研究领域的拓展以及深化已有研究成果3个方面。 相似文献
14.
The distributions and relationships of O2, CO2, and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters were investigated in June 2014. In surface water, mean O2 saturation level, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), and DMS concentrations (and ranges) were 110% (89%–167%), 374 μatm (91–640 μatm), and 8.53 nmol L?1 (1.10–27.50 nmol L?1), respectively. The sea-to-air fluxes (and ranges) of DMS and CO2 were 8.24 μmol m?2 d?1 (0.26–62.77 μmol m?2 d?1), and ?4.7 mmol m?2 d?1 (?110.8-31.7 mmol m?2 d?1), respectively. Dissolved O2 was oversaturated, DMS concentrations were relatively high, and this region served as a sink of atmospheric CO2. The pCO2 was significantly and negatively correlated with the O2 saturation level, while the DMS concentration showed different positive relationships with the O2 saturation level in different water masses. In vertical profiles, a hypoxic zone existed below 20 m at a longitude of 123°E. The stratification of temperature and salinity caused by the Taiwan Warm Current suppressed seawater exchange between upper and lower layers, resulting in the formation of a hypoxic zone. Oxidative decomposition of organic detritus carried by the Changjiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) consumed abundant O2 and produced additional CO2. The DMS concentrations decreased because of low phytoplankton biomass in the hypoxic zone. Strong correlations appeared between the O2 saturation level, pCO2 and DMS concentrations in vertical profiles. Our results strongly suggested that CRDW played an important role in the distributions and relationships of O2, CO2, and DMS. 相似文献
15.
DMS (dimethylsulfide), a breakdown product of cellular solutes of many species of macroalgae andphytoplankton plays an important role in regulating global climate and counteracting partly the "greenhouse" effect.In this paper, the advance and prospects of DMS study are reviewed and discussed with respectto DMS sample storage, measurement and importance in regulating global climate and the acidity ofrain and aerosol. 相似文献
16.
Photo-protective functions were investigated in phytoplankton assemblages at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard in spring, using their UV-absorbing compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)), xanthophyll pigments (diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (DT)) and < beta >- dimethylsulphoniopropionate (< beta >-DMSP). The dominant phytoplankton species in the inner bay were dominated by Phaeocystis spp. and nanoflagellates, while the offshore waters were dominated by Thalassiosira spp. In the inner bay, UVabsorbing compounds and xanthophyll pigments exhibited higher ratios of MAA to chlorophyll a (MAA:chl a ratio), and both DD and DT to chlorophyll a (DD:chl a ratio and DT:chl a ratio), respectively. Thus, the photoprotective-pigments such as DD and DT appear to complement MAAs in the natural phytoplankton assemblage. However, the ratio of < beta >-DMSP to chlorophyll a (< beta >-DMSP:chl a ratio) did not show a distinct spatial distribution according to environmental factors or interspecies differences. In this study, we found that photoprotective compounds occurred in a manner dependent on the phytoplankton species composition in Kongsfjorden Bay, where Phaeocystis is the dominant species. 相似文献
17.
The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide(DMS)produced by a range of marine biota is the major natural source of re-duced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols,potentially affecting climate.The spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a(CHL)and aerosol optical depth(AOD)for the recent years(2011-2019)in the Eastern China Marginal Seas(ECMS)(25°-40°N,120°-130°E)are studied.The seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal gradient.Elevated CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter seasons.Trend analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10%over the 9-year study period,while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime.A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015,a year when field data was available.Our simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L?1 with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L?1.DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00mmol m?2 d?1 with mean of 3.80mmol m?2 d?1.Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region,with higher correlations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.The elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the region.Our results suggest a possible influ-ence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere,especially along the western coastline of ECMS. 相似文献
18.
城市建成区边界是城市研究重要的基础信息,也是落实城市功能空间布局、实施界限管控的前提。DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据已被广泛应用于城市建成区的提取,但由于受饱和、扩散及低分辨率问题的影响,导致仅依靠DMSP/OLS NTL映射城市建成区仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本文以京津冀为例,采用MODIS NDVI和DMSP / OLS夜光数据相结合解决NTL影像的饱和及扩散问题,提取城市建成区潜在范围,并辅以Landsat NDVI数据,采用本文提出的最大自相关双阈值方法进行自适应修正,最后采用目视解译对结果进行验证。实验结果表明,多源遥感协同方法提取城市建成区的总体精度和kappa系数分别为92.9%和0.88,在空间分布和统计数据中均有较高的有效性和可靠性。 相似文献
19.
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The 22-year (1998–2019) surface seawater dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations in the Yellow Sea (YS) were hindcasted based on satellite sea surface... 相似文献
20.
本文基于1992—2012年DMSP/OLS和2012—2018年NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据,对长江三角洲城市群时空演化格局进行监测。考虑到不同卫星夜间灯光遥感数据之间的不一致性以及城市核心区亮度过饱和问题,对DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS数据进行连续性校正、去饱和处理和一致性校正,构建长江三角洲区域1992—2018年长时间序列多源夜间灯光遥感数据集。利用二分法基于该数据逐年提取长江三角洲城市群各城市建成区空间分布,计算加权标准差椭圆和Zipf系数进行重心变化和方向性分布变化、规模体系变化等监测。结果表明： ① 本研究采用的连续性校正、去饱和处理和一致性校正方法能够构建稳定的长时间序列多源夜间灯光遥感数据集; ② 基于二分法提取的建成区面积平均绝对误差为6.85 km2,平均相对误差为8.10%; ③ 长三角城市群重心较为稳定,始终在苏州市境内的太湖沿岸附近,呈现出向东南方向移动的趋势城市群呈西北—东南方向分布,且分布方向有向南北方向转动的趋势,标准差椭圆的扁率持续减小,表明城市群的方向性分布减弱; ④ Zipf系数始终在1附近且呈缓慢降低的趋势,城市规模分布较为均衡。 相似文献