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1.
企鹅珍珠贝人工苗生长的初步观察 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
为了解企鹅珍珠贝生长规律，观察了壳高2．5～5．0mm的出池幼苗，按月测量其生长参数和成活率，以及环境因子。结果表明，企鹅珍珠贝生长最快的月份为7～11月和次年4～6月，壳长，壳高和壳宽月均增加量分别为3．8～13．0mm、4．7～11．2mm、2．3～3．8mm，月成活率97．8％～98．6％。企鹅珍珠贝生长最慢月份是11月至次年3月。 相似文献
2.
企鹅珍珠贝人工养殖及育珠的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在幼贝中间养成中采用柱形笼养殖法,母贝的养成中采用穿耳开放式养殖法,与全程采用锥形笼的传统式养殖方法相比较,进行企鹅珍珠贝人工养殖。结果表明:采用本技术养殖企鹅珍珠贝,在幼贝中间养成阶段,比传统养殖的壳高生长速率提高32·1%(P<0·05),壳长生长速率提高30·3%(P<0·01),成活率提高36%(P<0·01);母贝养成阶段,比传统养殖的壳高生长速率提高28·1%(P<0·05),壳长生长速率提高26·7%(P<0·01),成活率提高18·3%(P<0·01)。同时进行企鹅珍珠贝人工培育游离珠实验,植核贝在休养期和育珠期存活率分别为71·2%和54·3%,留核率分别为29·6·6%和21·0%,成珠率58·6%,优质珠比例为26·7%。 相似文献
3.
2009年3月至2010年10月进行企鹅珍珠贝游离珍珠植核手术,6个月后进行附壳造型珍珠再植核手术,附壳珍珠养殖育珠时间12个月,游离珍珠18个月。结果表明:经过术前麻醉处理的珍珠贝容易开口,方便植核手术,提高作业效率;使用特制可调式送核针可以达到核片同送,减轻手术创伤;附壳珍珠培育实验组成活率、商品珠率分别为(82.2±2.6)%与(69.9±4.7)%,比对照组分别提高了11.5%和18.6%(p值<0.05);游离珍珠培育实验组对照组的成活率、留核率与商品珠率分别为(31.8±1.9)%、(20.0±1.5)%与(38.8±2.6)%,实验组留核率与商品珠率比对照组分别提高了10.9%和13.4%;对企鹅珍珠育珠贝进行一体两用技术育珠试验,企鹅珍珠贝适合培育附壳造型珍珠,但不适合培育游离珍珠。 相似文献
4.
企鹅珍珠贝主要污损生物的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
企鹅珍珠贝[Pteria（Magnavicula）penguin（Roeding）]分布于热带亚热带海域，在台湾、两广沿海和海南岛有野生种群栖息，它是珍珠贝属的一种可生产大规格附壳珠和正圆珠的大型贝类。近年来企鹅珍珠贝的种苗生产、养殖和大型珍珠培育以及生化遗传的研究受到关注。在养殖中，其他海洋生物的附着或寄生成为影响企鹅珍珠贝生长与存活的重要因素，目前相关研究仅见其他贝类的多毛虫寄生病、附着敌害生物和网笼污损生物类群等的报道，而企鹅珍珠贝的污损生物的研究仅见污损苔虫的文献记录。本文对企鹅珍珠贝的附着生物进行了初步鉴别，并分析它们的附着或寄生状态。 相似文献
5.
企鹅珍珠贝附壳珍珠的培育 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以7种聚乙烯塑料核型为珠核,正常壳形与二壳隆起的畸形企鹅珍珠贝为手术贝,培育附壳珍珠。养殖6个月,结果表明:壳形正常的育珠贝成活率为73.3%～93.8%,成珠率55.0%～82.0%;畸形贝成活率为60%,成珠率53.3%。统计分析表明:珠核高度是影响育珠贝成活率和成珠率的主要因素,珠核越高,育珠贝成活率和成珠率越低。畸形贝与正常壳形贝成活率和成珠率存在极显著差异(P<0.01),畸形贝不宜用作手术贝。 相似文献
6.
企鹅珍珠贝[Pteria(Magnavicula)penguin(R ding)]分布于热带亚热带海域,在台湾、两广沿海和海南岛有野生种群栖息,它是珍珠贝属的一种可生产大规格附壳珠和正圆珠的大型贝类。近年来企鹅珍珠贝的种苗生产、养殖和大型珍珠培育以及生化遗传的研究受到关注。在养殖中,其他海洋生物的附着或寄生成为影响企鹅珍珠贝生长与存活的重要因素,目前相关研究仅见其他贝类的多毛虫寄生病[1-4]、附着敌害生物和网笼污损生物类群等[5-7]的报道,而企鹅珍珠贝的污损生物的研究仅见污损苔虫的文献记录[8]。本文对企鹅珍珠贝的附着生物进行了初步鉴别,并分… 相似文献
7.
2010年11月中旬在珠海东澳岛进行管角螺冬季育苗实验,结果表明:在东澳岛11～12月,水温21～24℃,管角螺可以交配、繁殖;在水温16.5～24℃,需45～50 d完成胚胎发育;在水温17～20.5℃,稚螺7 d后能主动摄食投喂的鲜活幼贝饵料,此阶段稚螺壳高日增长0.417 mm,壳宽日增长0.17 mm,体质量日增长0.01 g;刚孵化稚螺厣封壳保水功能不强,耐干露能力较差,温度越高,露空时间越短;细砂底质条件下,稚螺的壳高、壳宽、体质量生长显著高于无底质组(p值<0.05),成活率(75%)也高于无底质组(65%);经过75 d海区网笼培育,稚螺壳高日增长0.236 mm,壳宽日增长0.124 mm,体质量日增长0.033 g,在自然海区培育条件下,稚螺生长较快。 相似文献
8.
珠母贝人工苗养殖研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在不同海区、不同水层养殖珠母贝人工苗,及用不同方法进行养殖小贝。结果表明:在开放性、半开放性、内湾性海区养殖11个月后,珠母贝壳高分别为64.5、51.4、69.8 mm,成活率分别为6.4%、0.8%、0.5%,其生长和成活率具有显著差异(P<0.05);同海区中3m、6m、9m、12m、15m水层养殖11个月后,珠母贝壳高分别为64.5、67.4、62.8、56.9、51.9mm,成活率分别为6.4%、6.8%、8.1%、11.7%、13.9%,随着水层的加深,珠母贝的生长变慢,成活率提高且差异显著(P<0.05);6个月龄小贝用穿耳法、片笼法、锥型笼法养殖5个月后,壳高分别长成56.1、55.7、51.7mm,成活率分别为72.6%、59.9%、51.7%,其生长和成活率具有显著差异(P<0.05)。 相似文献
9.
提高鱼虾等水产品幼苗的存活率的研究是许多学者关注的课题,如文献[1]试验研究了南美白对虾养殖中成活和抗病力的问题,又如文献[2]则用观察法研究了企鹅珍珠贝人工苗生长的情况及其成活率等. 相似文献
10.
提高鱼虾等水产品幼苗的存活率的研究是许多学者关注的课题，如文献[1]试验研究了南美白对虾养殖中成活和抗病力的问题，又如文献[2]则用观察法研究了企鹅珍珠贝人工苗生长白勺．情况及其成活率等。 相似文献
11.
对企鹅珍珠贝稚贝、中贝和成贝在降低盐度的海水中存活状态进行了观察和研究。在水温20~23℃,以不同盐度梯度(8、12、16、20、242、8、30和33)的海水暂养稚贝并定时检查,在广东的四个海区,对盐度变化时中贝及成贝的养殖成活率进行了观察。结果表明:盐度低于16的3个组,稚贝在60h内全部死亡,盐度20~24海水中,稚贝虽只有部分死亡,但活力较差;稚贝在14的海水中4h后转入正常海水,可全部存活,而超过8h后再移入正常海水的稚贝会陆续死亡;在盐度18海水中,稚贝一直未分泌足丝附着,而移入正常海水,6h就有小苗附着;大万山岛附近海域在雨季盐度可降至20以下,6~9月不适合养殖,而其它实验点可以通过深吊避免海水盐度变化造成企鹅珍珠贝死亡。 相似文献
12.
以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)、企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)和近江牡蛎(oyster)的内脏团为原料提取、纯化多糖,与甘油、聚乙二醇400(PEG-400)、丙二醇和1,3-丁二醇四种常规保湿剂进行比较.结果表明,在相对湿度为44%时,前12h 吸湿率顺序为:马氏珠母贝<近江牡蛎<企鹅珍珠贝<翡翠贻贝< PEG-400<1,3-丁二醇<甘油<丙二醇;在相对湿度为80%时,前12 h 吸湿率顺序为:近江牡蛎<马氏珠母贝<企鹅珍珠贝<1,3-丁二醇<翡翠贻贝< PEG-400<甘油<丙二醇.前12 h 的保湿率顺序为:近江牡蛎>翡翠贻贝>马氏珠母贝>企鹅珍珠贝>甘油>1,3-丁二醇>丙二醇> PEG-400.翡翠贻贝吸湿性多糖优于其他贝类多糖,稍低于常规保湿剂.在相对湿度为80%时,前12 h 翡翠贻贝多糖的吸湿率大于常规保湿剂1,3-丁二醇,翡翠贻贝多糖保湿性稍弱于近江牡蛎,但强于其他贝类多糖和常规保湿剂要强一些 相似文献
13.
以企鹅珍珠贝、菲律宾蛤仔和锯齿巴非蛤全脏器为原料,经酶解、离心去蛋白、醇沉、分离、洗涤、干燥,得糖胺聚糖(GAG)粗制品,分别测定并比较3种贝类的GAG的含量和得率。结果表明,企鹅珍珠贝的GAG质量分数为22.35%,菲律宾蛤仔为18.69%,锯齿巴非蛤为20.36%,由此得出企鹅珍珠贝的GAG的含量比其他两种贝类高,是较好的GAG来源。 相似文献
14.
3种珍珠贝精子发生及其超微结构的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杜晓东 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(2)
在透射电子显微镜下观察合浦珠母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｆｕｃａｔａ）、大珠母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｍａｘｉｍａ）和企鹅珍珠贝（Ｐｔｅｒｉａｐｅｎｇｕｉｎ）的精子发生及精子形态．结果表明．大珠母贝从精原细胞到精子，核内都有数量不等的板层小体（ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｌａｍｅｌｌａｒｂｏｄｙ）；企鹦珍珠贝从精原细胞的晚期直到精子细胞早期，大多数细胞出现核内包含体（ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ）；而合浦珠母贝的生精细胞核无特殊结构．合浦珠母贝在初级精母细胞时由高尔基体分泌形成前顶体粒；企鹅珍珠贝的前顶体粒主要在次级精母细胞和早期精子细胞阶段形成。虽然大珠母贝的各级生精细胞中都没有出现典型的高尔基体，但前顶体粒仍在精母细胞时期形成。三种贝的精子结构均为典型的原生型，由头部、中段和尾部构成．合浦珠母贝精子的顶体最长，中段的线粒体数有变异；大珠母贝的精子核最高，其中含有板层小体；而企鹅珍珠贝精子中段的体积是最大的． 相似文献
15.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(1)
Using net enclosures in an earthen pond, we established three culture treatments with the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis : monoculture of sea cucumbers(C), monoculture of shrimp(S), and co-culture of the two species(CS). We measured levels of suspended particulate matter in the water column; total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratios in both settling particles and the sediment; and chlorophyll a levels in the sediment. We then compared these variables between the three treatments. We also examined growth, survival, and yield of the two species in the different treatments. From June to September, the mean monthly suspended particulate matter sedimentation rates in the CS and S treatments were significantly( P 0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. From August to November, the mean monthly total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a contents in the sediment in the CS and S treatments were significantly( P 0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. Final wet weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, and total yield of sea cucumbers in co-culture were all significantly greater than those of sea cucumbers in monoculture. There were no significant differences among any of these variables for shrimp reared in the two systems. The bioturbation of the sediment and fecal production of the shrimp likely supplied natural food for the sea cucumbers. Co-culture of the two species is a viable option for increasing yield per unit area, maximizing use of the water body, and diversifying crop production. 相似文献
16.
Mature amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense) collected by trawl in June, 1994 from Qingdao Shazikou sea area bottom sands, were cultured under controlled indoor conditions, where they spawned and their eggs were fertilized and hatched into larvae which gradually settled at the bottom and dug into the sands after 40-50 days culture in a water trough outdoors. The total survival rate of the larvae(LSR)was 5.5% before they went into the sands, 1.9% in 4 months, 0.7% in 10 months. The survival rate of the young fish which had dug into the sands (YSR) was 35.6% in 4 months, and 12.6% in 10 months. The amphioxus number tended to be constant from the 11th month on. In the first five months after incubation, the amphioxus body length increased by an average of about 1.5 mm a month, and about 0.4 mm a month from Dec. to May of next year. The maximum length after ten months was 24 mm; the average was about 11 mm. After two years culture in the water trough, the maximum length could reach 34-35 mm, when the amphioxus gonads began to develop. 相似文献
17.
Using net enclosures in an earthen pond, we established three culture treatments with the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis: monoculture of sea cucumbers (C), monoculture of shrimp (S), and co-culture of the two species (CS). We measured levels of suspended particulate matter in the water column; total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratios in both settling particles and the sediment; and chlorophyll a levels in the sediment. We then compared these variables between the three treatments. We also examined growth, survival, and yield of the two species in the different treatments. From June to September, the mean monthly suspended particulate matter sedimentation rates in the CS and S treatments were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. From August to November, the mean monthly total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a contents in the sediment in the CS and S treatments were significantly ( P <0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. Final wet weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, and total yield of sea cucumbers in co-culture were all significantly greater than those of sea cucumbers in monoculture. There were no significant differences among any of these variables for shrimp reared in the two systems. The bioturbation of the sediment and fecal production of the shrimp likely supplied natural food for the sea cucumbers. Co-culture of the two species is a viable option for increasing yield per unit area, maximizing use of the water body, and diversifying crop production. 相似文献
18.
Bay scallops were introduced from the east coast of the U.S. into China to shorten the economic turn-over from 2 to 1 year.
Parent scallops were carried to Qingdao on Dec. 20, 1982 and stocked in indoor tanks at controlled temperature and fed with
a mixture ofPhaeodictylum tricornutum, Pyramimonas sp. andChlorella sp. They spawned on Jan. 26 of the next year. The larvae were reared at a temperature of 18–21°C and fed withIsochrysis galbana, Pyramimonas sp. andChorella sp. In 4 weeks’ growing, the spats averaged 827 μm. They attained a height of 6.9 mm on May 9. In the middle of May, the
seed scallops were transferred to Luoyuan Bay in Fujian Province, and Jiaozhou Bay, as well as the area off Taiping Jiao Cape,
Qingdao, Shandong Province for experimental culture in plastic netcages suspended on a single line raft.
Bay scallops cultured in Luoyuan Bay grew to an averaged shell height of 10.4 mm. In Jiaozhou Bay and the Taiping Jiao Cape
culture area, they grew to 50 mm in average shell height (marketable size) and 26 g in average weight by late September; and
attained 59 mm in average shell height (R. 39–75 mm) and 46 g in average weight in late December. The ovary and testis could
be distinguished by color in August. In early September, eggs and sperms were collected for our laboratory where the second
generation of seed scallops was successfully reared to suitable size for growing outdoor and breeding. This species can be
harvested within a year after fertilization of the eggs, so we consider it suitable for culture in the Yellow Sea and East
China Sea. This is the first reported successful introduction of Atlantic mollusks to the China Seas.
This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica
17 (5): 367–374, 1986. 相似文献