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1.
Investigation of fractured rock aquifer in South China using electrical resistivity tomography and self-potential methods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assessment of fractured rock aquifers in many parts of the world is complicated given their strong heterogeneity. Delineation of the subsurface geological formation in the weathered terrain is essential for groundwater exploration. To achieve this goal, 2D electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) and self-potential(SP) in combination with joint profile method(JPM) and boreholes have been carried out to delineate the subsurface geological units, detect the fracture/fault zones in hard rock, monitor the groundwater flow, and estimate the groundwater reserves contained within the weathered terrain at a complex heterogeneous site of Huangbu, South Guangdong of China. The integration of resistivity images with the borehole lithology along three profiles delineates three subsurface distinct layers namely topsoil cover, weathered and unweathered layers. The incorporation of ERT and SP with JPM reveal five fractures/faults, i.e., F_1, F_2, F_3, F_4 and F_5. 2D ERT models interpret the less resistive anomalies as the fractures/faults zones, and high resistive anomalies as the fresh bedrock. The inversion program based on the smoothness-constraint is used on the resistivity field data to get more realistic three layered model. SP measurements are obtained along the same electrical profiles which provide the negative anomalies clearly indicating the groundwater preferential flow pathways along the fracture/fault zones. Hydraulic parameters namely hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity were determined to estimate the groundwater resources contained within the fractures/faults. The integrated results suggest that the fractures/faults zones are most appropriate places of drilling for groundwater exploration in the investigated area. Geophysical methods coupled with the upfront borehole data provides better understanding about the conceptual model of the subsurface geological formations. The current investigation demonstrates the importance of the integrated geophysical methods as a complementary approach for groundwater assessment in the hard rock weathered areas. 相似文献
2.
河套平原是我国地方性砷中毒最为严重的地区之一。基于河套平原浅层地下水的砷含量数据，利用地统计学中半变异函数分析法，对地下水砷含量的空间分布及其异质性特征进行了分析，并探讨其空间变异性的影响因素。结果显示，河套平原地下水砷含量整体上呈由南向北递增的趋势，在假设各向同性条件下，砷含量残差项的空间分布符合纯块金效应模型，在所测尺度上（2~4 km）为随机分布，不存在空间自相关性，短距离内变异较大；地下水砷含量的分维数较大（D=1.999），进一步说明该尺度上变异显著。地下水砷含量与沉积物中有机质关系密切。晚第四纪以来，河套平原北部山区的新构造运动和盆地沉积环境变迁形成多种成因、形态复杂的沉积相，导致有机质埋藏条件的高度空间变异性，进而导致地下水砷含量的高度空间变异。河套平原缓慢的地下水径流条件有利于砷元素空间变异性的维持。河套地区地下水砷的空间异质性研究，对有效预测未知地区饮水型砷暴露潜在风险、精准防控地方病和保障供水安全具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
3.
SEAWATER INTRUSION TYPES AND REGIONAL DIVISIONS IN THE SOUTHERN COAST OF LAIZHOU BAY 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The southern coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, is one of the areas in China most seriously impacted by seawater intrusion. Based on the sources of intruding waterbedies, seawater intrusion can be divided into two types: intrusion of saline water derived from modern seawater, and intrusion of subsurface brine and saline water derived from paleo-seawater in shallow Quaternary sediments. There are some distinct differences in their formation, mechanism and damage. The subsurface brine intrusion is a special type, which can cause very serious disaster. The coastal landform and the Quaternary hydrogeological environment are predominant factors in the classification of seawater intrusion types. Various coastal environments in different coastal sections result in three types of intrusion: seawater intrusion, saline groundwater intrusion, and mixed seawater and saline water intrusion, in the southern coast of Laizhou Bay, which can be divided into four areas: the sea-water intrusion area in the northern Laizhou City coast, the mixed seawater and saline groundwater intrusion area in the Baisha River-Jiaolai River mouth plain area, the mixed seawater and saline groundwater intrusion area in the Weihe River mouth plain area northern Changyi county coast, and the saline ground-water intrusion area in the northern Shouguang plains. 相似文献
4.
采用电阻率成像法探讨了室内实验尺度上岩体中盐溶液的入渗过程。在岩柱试样上进行蒸馏水和盐溶液的入渗实验,在入渗过程中通过多通道高密度电阻率勘测系统对岩柱的电性特征在三维空间上进行动态监测。然后对入渗过程岩柱进行电阻率成像,从而获得不同时刻岩柱中的电阻率分布。各勘测截面上电阻率的分布和变化基本反映了岩柱内盐溶液的时空变化特征,表明电阻率成像法动态监测室内实验尺度岩石中盐溶液的入渗是可行的,岩柱5个截面的电阻率图像表明溶液的入渗是不均匀的。 相似文献
5.
北京地面沉降已有60多年的历史,其发生发展与半个多世纪城市的快速扩张密不可分.从整个北京平原地下水系统出发,梳理多年时间序列(1950-2015年)的城市发展规模、人口、水资源及开采动态等数据,结合遥感技术解译不同年代北京平原的不透水面变化,分析其对降雨入渗补给量的影响;构建整个北京平原含水层-弱透水层三维结构系统,借助PMWIN软件建立区域尺度的地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型,利用长期水位及沉降观测数据对模型进行识别验证;开展长时间序列的北京平原地下水水头场与地面沉降演化模拟,研究快速城市化进程下北京平原多层含水层系统渗流场演变与地面沉降响应特征.研究表明:长时间尺度区域地下水流场-地面沉降演化模拟基本再现了地面沉降形成和发展演化的过程;北京地下水开采历史与地面沉降发展历史具有一致性,而不同沉降区地面沉降发展受地下水开采和城市发展双重控制,是二者综合作用的结果. 相似文献
6.
华北平原水资源合理开发利用的思路与举措 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
经过几十年的大量开采利用,华北平原地下水资源不仅表现为区域超采和局部严重超采,也暴露出地下水补给源严重萎缩的问题。其主要表现在中西部粗质平原的地下水易补给区,因汇流山地水库强力拦蓄,河道主体补给功能丧失,而在中东部细质平原的径流主产区,因水位埋藏浅和水质咸化,降水径流不能形成对地下水的有效补给,蒸发流失严重。以往实践强调山区水利工程建设而轻视了东部低平原区径流拦蓄利用,重视对高海拔咸水体的改造利用而忽视了对低海拔咸水体的改造利用,强化地表水库建设的重要性而忽略了地下水库的重要性。面对华北平原供水紧张的严峻形势,调整水资源开发战略势在必行,其具体思路是:以千方百计提高降水利用水平为中心,调整和改善水资源开发利用整体布局;以地下水补给调蓄为重点,大力集蓄雨洪水和改造利用浅层水,充分发挥地表水和地下水两大功能作用。其具体举措有:实施山前梯级水坝的地下水库"回灌"工程;实施中东部及滨海淡水蓄水利用工程;实施东部浅层地下水规模化改造开发利用工程。若上述措施得以实施,可使降水利用率从现状的20.65%提高到26%以上,则华北平原供水问题有望获得解决。 相似文献
7.
西宁盆地大部分地下热水中TDS含量较高,极大限制了地热水的可利用性,研究盆地地下水TDS的成因机理,可为后期指导地热资源开发利用提供参考价值。通过对西宁盆地药水滩至盆地中心沿线地下水的常、微量组分的分析,探讨了区内TDS的分布特征及富集机理。结果表明:从盆地边缘到盆地中心,地下水由HCO3-Ca·Mg型淡水逐渐向SO4·Cl-Na、SO4-Na型盐、卤水变化,地下水具有陆相沉积水特征,且变质程度逐渐增强;盆地内不同区域TDS的富集机理也有显著差异,盆地边缘以降水入渗、溶解混合作用为主,湟水中心区域以蒸发浓缩作用和混合、水-岩相互作用为主,而盆地中心区域则以深部沉积物质随热液上涌的混合作用和封闭环境下的水-岩相互作用为主。 相似文献
8.
Application of stable isotope tracing technologies in identification of transformation among waters in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In order to investigate the transformation among the precipitation,groundwater,and surface water in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China,precipitation and groundwater samples which were collected at the meteorological station of the Sanjiang Mire Wetland Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the surface water which collected from the Wolulan River were used to identify the transformation of three types of water.The isotope composition of different kinds of water sources were analyzed via stable isotope(deuterium and oxygen-18) investigation of natural water.The results show a clear seasonal difference in the stable isotopes in precipitation.During the cold half-year,the mean stable isotope in precipitation in the Sanjiang Plain reaches its minimum with the minimum temperature.The δ18O and δD values are high in the rainy season.In the Wolulan River,the evaporation is the highest in August and September.The volume of evaporation and the replenishment to the river is mostly same.The groundwater is recharged more by the direct infiltration of precipitation than by the river flow.The results of this study indicate that the water bodies in the Sanjiang Plain have close hydrologic relationships,and that the transformation among each water system frequently occurs. 相似文献
9.
电法勘探在寻找浅层地下水时,主要利用含水地质体与围岩的电阻率差异来间接找水,通过综合分析日照市不同地下水类型50余例物探找水定井资料,总结了其含水层的测深曲线特征,若围岩为高阻,则含水层曲线特征表现为平缓上升或变异下降;若围岩为低阻,则含水层曲线特征为明显上升段。对于含水性特征不明显的,开展激发极化法多参数测量,依据视极化率、半衰时等参数综合判断。对于日照市丘陵区松散岩类孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和构造裂隙水的不同电性特征,选择利用联合剖面法寻找含水构造,多参数激电测深法确定储水构造位置,经验系数法推断富水地层深度,能够快速、高效的确定井位,为今后日照市丘陵区的找水工作提供了经验。 相似文献
10.
11.
《山地科学学报》2015,(4)
Land use changes such as deforestation,increase in cropping or grazing areas and built-up land, likely modify the water balance and land surface behavior in the Himalayan watersheds.An integrated approach of hydrological and hydraulic modeling was adopted for comparative analysis of hydrological pattern in three Himalayan watersheds i.e.Khanpur,Rawal and Simly situated in the Northern territory of Pakistan.The rainfall-runoff model SWAT- Soil and water assessment tool and Hydro CAD were calibrated for the selected watersheds.The correlation analysis of the precipitation data of two climate stations i.e.Murree and Islamabad, with the discharge data of three rivers was utilized to select best suitable input precipitation data for Hydro CAD rainfall-runoff modeling.The peak flood hydrograph were generated using Hydro CAD runoff to optimize the basin parameters like CN, runoff volume, peak flows of the three watersheds.The hydrological response of the Rawal watershed was studied as a case study to different scenarios of land use change using SWAT model.The scenario of high deforestation indicated a decline of about 6.3% in the groundwater recharge tostream while increase of 7.1% in the surface runoff has been observed under the scenario of growth in urbanization in the recent decades.The integrated modeling approach proved helpful in investigating the hydrological behavior under changing environment at watershed level in the Himalayan region. 相似文献
12.
《世界地质(英文版)》2016,(2):117-124
It is important to know the shape and distribution of sandstone bodies in the subsurface when forma-tion and migration of a dune model are determined.The information plays a significant role in identification of the continental oil and gas accumulation.In this study,the combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography method (ERT)is used in mapping the distribution of sandstone bodies in Yanchang Formation.Six GPR profiles and seven ERT profiles are used to analysis.GPR data show clear re-flections from the top interface of sandstones.ERT data show a continuous high resistivity anomaly correspon-ding to the sandstone body.Combined the reconstructed 3D images by GPR and ERT,the spatial distribution of sandstone bodies is described. 相似文献
13.
鲁西南(中西部)地区普遍存在地下水中氟化物及矿化度含量较高的问题。电阻率与地下水矿化度关系密切,高氟又易与高矿化度伴生存在,因此赋存高矿化度地下水的黏土层与赋存可饮用地下水砂土层电性上的差异为利用电法在该地区勘查出可饮用地下水提供了基础条件。综合区内区域地质、水文地质及地球物理特征,对重点区的电测深曲线进行了精细的定性及定量解释,划分出重点区内含水层的埋深、黏土层及砂土层分界线,推断出了深层高阻层主要为含淡水砂土层。根据物探推断成果在牡丹区沙土集及曹县常乐集重点区分别施工了2眼钻井。结果表明,钻井出水量丰富,水质较周边有明显改善,直流电测深是在该区域寻找可饮用水资源的一种经济、有效的勘查手段。 相似文献
14.
洞庭湖平原西部地区浅层承压含水层是当地主要的地下水开采层,却面临严重的水质型缺水问题,其中以铵氮异常最为典型,但目前对于其来源和富集机制的认识十分薄弱。以洞庭湖平原西部为研究区,沿区域地下水流方向对地下水样品进行水文地球化学分析,旨在查明地下水中铵氮的来源,揭示地下水流动对铵氮富集的控制机理。结果表明:NH4-N质量浓度为0.05~16.75 mg/L,且与DOC、HCO3-、As、Fe2+、Mn、P质量浓度呈现较好正相关性;而高质量浓度的NH4-N对应着很低质量浓度的Cl-、SO42-、NO3-和很低的Cl/Br比值,可以推测浅层承压水中的铵氮主要由天然有机质矿化作用产生,而非人为输入。沿着地下水流向,NH4-N和As、Fe2+、Mn质量浓度均显著升高,说明由于水流越来越滞缓,含水介质颗粒越来越细,沉积物有机质越来越富集,含氮有机质矿化作用逐渐增强,使得NH4-N质量浓度逐渐升高,并形成了还原性逐渐增强的地下水环境,相关地球化学过程产生的还原性组分（砷、铁、锰等）也逐渐富集。本研究进一步丰富了地下水原生铵氮的成因理论,可为当地的供水安全保障提供理论基础。 相似文献
15.
黄岗潜凹陷岩盐矿床是山东省地质科学研究院近年发现的一大型岩盐矿产地,预测岩盐矿总资源量超过240×10~8t。本文在总结黄岗潜凹陷岩盐矿勘查成果的基础上,对区内岩盐矿沉积地质特征及成矿规律、岩相分布规律等进行了初步总结分析。岩盐矿赋矿层位为古近纪官庄群大汶口组中段,岩性为深灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩与灰白色膏质泥岩、石盐岩互层,是一套含石盐、石膏的浅湖—咸湖相沉积建造,其盖层为新近纪黄骅群和第四系。岩盐矿层赋存形态简单,呈层状产出,产状稳定,走向近EW向,倾向近S向,倾角平缓,一般3°,局部断层附近可达10°。区内揭露岩盐矿层31层,埋深1079.75～1730.86m,单矿层平均厚度0.25～24.64m,单层最厚53.96m,累计平均厚度175.45m,单孔累计最大厚度320.23m,是山东迄今单孔控制最大的厚度,NaCl平均品位44.11%～96.08%。岩盐矿石矿物成分较为简单,主要盐类矿物成分为石盐和硬石膏,杂质矿物主要为黏土质矿物;矿石主要化学组分为NaCl,其次为CaSO_4,其他组分含量甚微;矿石结构主要为中粗粒他形—半自形粒状结构,矿石构造主要为块状构造;岩盐矿划分为结晶块状石盐矿石和石膏石盐混生石盐矿石2种自然类型,矿石工业类型初步确定为石膏质石盐矿石。黄岗潜凹陷盆地为一套浅湖—咸湖相沉积,大致反映了含盐水体淡化—浓缩—淡化的蒸发沉积过程;平面上初步划分石盐岩相区和膏泥岩相区2个岩相分布区,其中石盐岩相区靠近成盐盆地局部沉积中心,发育厚层岩盐矿。黄岗潜凹陷西南部含盐地层总体表现为向南倾伏的单斜形态;区域重力资料显示,该区靠近盆地局部沉积中心,具有较大的岩盐矿找矿潜力。区内岩盐矿层厚、质纯、埋深适中,初步评价具备建设盐穴储气储能库的地质条件,矿床开发利用前景广阔。 相似文献
16.
地下水的化学特征与成因机制对地下水演化、地下水资源的合理开采及质量评价具有重要意义。为查明豫北平原浅层地下水的水质特征及控制因素,采集了不同类型的浅层地下水和地表水样品,分别测试了水样阴、阳离子和氢氧同位素组成。结果表明:①地下水中总溶解性固体物质（total dissolved solids,简称TDS）质量浓度范围为316~6 948 mg/L,微咸和咸地下水呈条带状分布在沁河冲洪积平原中部,在三阳镇-修武县一带,水化学类型复杂,以HCO3·SO4-Na·Mg·Ca型和SO4-Na·Mg型水为主。北部山前冲洪积扇和沁河北岸地下水为淡水,为HCO3-Ca·Mg型水。②δ2H-δ18O关系说明地下水起源于大气降水,水化学组分受水岩相互作用控制,在补给区以碳酸盐岩溶滤作用为主,径流区发生硅酸盐岩的风化溶解以及阳离子交换作用,排泄区以蒸发浓缩、石膏溶解和阳离子交换作用为主。③地质和气候环境是造成地下水咸化的主要成因,且受到工农业污水渗漏的影响。研究成果可以为该区地下水资源的合理开采和有效管理提供依据。 相似文献
17.
干旱盆地地下水排泄区以蒸发为主要排泄方式．导致水环境发生恶化，从而引发出一系列的环境问题。本文以吐哈油田南湖水源地建设为例，通过对浅层潜水和深层承压水之间的水力联系的分析，初步探讨了由开采承压水而引起的咸水下移、浅层咸水淡化以及地下水环境得以改善等问题。 相似文献
18.
Ever growing demand for water for agricultural activities in the Izeh Plain has enhanced the use of groundwater. Due to enormous groundwater abstraction since 1985, the overall static water level has receded by more than 5 meters reflecting that the aquifer is under stress condition. As a result, interest is focused on application of artificial recharge as an option for groundwater management to augment water supply in this area. Therefore, in the present investigations, suitable sites for artificial recharge were selected by an integrated surface and sub-surface assessment of the area. On the basis of the data collected from four target points, it was realized that the selected sites for artificial recharge could not meet water demand of the area. In this study attention was also paid to utilization of the existing Miangran Lake water as an alternative to combat water shortage for irrigation. The study further indicated that the available Miangran Lake water could be used for irrigation of the reclaimed agricultural land and enabling to convert 20o0 hectares of rain-fed land into irrigation. The total cost to utilize lake water is US$ 2,756,729 and it was estimated that the project could recoup the investment within 5 years which is quite reasonable in this water scarcity prone area. 相似文献
19.
Although research on a field investigation about quantification drawdown of ground water wells has hitherto been conducted with emphasis on Sanaa basin which is 3 200 km2 in area characterized by general hazard in quantity and quality of water,there exist uncertainties about the size of the hazardous annual decline in the level of underground water.So the authors are trying to assess reliable hazard data on the depth of ground-water which were obtained by measuring static water level.The data set are twenty six wells from 9 regions which were selected to represent Sanaa basin and collected during the course of the 20 months groundwater monitoring survey from January 2008 to January 2009.The results show that the average drawdown during 20 months to be 3.22 m with an average 0.16 m per month and 2 m per year. 相似文献
20.
2011年以来，中国地质调查局在沂蒙山区组织实施了1:5万标准图幅水文地质调查4万余km2，并在严重缺水村镇开展了大量的找水打井示范工作，获得了较为丰富的地质数据，对断陷盆地地下水流系统取得了新认识。受中新生代构造影响，沂蒙山区发生断裂褶皱、伸展滑脱及岩浆侵入活动，形成一系列"南超覆北断陷"的地堑-半地堑盆地，并最终形成现今典型的"盆-山"岩溶水文地质结构，及以盆地为单元的相对独立的岩溶地下水流系统。为研究沂蒙山区地下水流系统发育特征，选择莱芜盆地为典型研究区，基于野外地质调查，通过综合分析盆地南北两侧地貌单元、含水岩组立体空间分布及地下水水位、水化学及同位素结果等，探讨了沂蒙山区典型"盆-山"结构塑造的多级岩溶地下水流系统特征。结果表明，莱芜盆地岩溶地下水由盆地外围向盆地中心呈"向心式"径流；受人类活动影响、地质构造控制和含水层分布制约，盆地南北两侧地下水流系统特征存在差异:盆地南部发育中间和局部两级地下水流系统；盆地北部则仅发育单一的局部地下水流系统，但占有已勘查论证的近1/2的地下水水源地。此外，研究发现在大汶河最低侵蚀基准面，区域滑脱构造及热液混合作用拆离的空隙，与岩层面、层间裂隙、顺层溶蚀空隙等共同构成立体的岩溶地下水网络，影响着岩溶水循环途径及深度。以此认识为指导，实施的探采结合井成井率达到86%，强化了地下水流系统理论在北方基岩山区水文地质工作中理论与实践的结合。 相似文献