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1.
扬子地台与华南南盘江盆地大贵州滩三叠系沉积演化史 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扬子地台是一个横跨华南地块的以浅海沉积为主的大型碳酸盐岩台地,南盘江盆地是发育在扬子地台碳酸盐岩台地背景之上的一个沉积盆地,从晚元古代到晚三叠世长期海相沉积演化历史中,扬子地台-南盘江盆地体系经历了多次重要的构造演化阶段.扬子地台从晚元古代到早三叠世末期一直保持为一个稳定的碳酸盐岩台地,在中三叠世末期扬子地块整体抬升,海平面下降,形成了遍及扬子主体的拉丁期大海退,从而使扬子地块大部分地区抬升为陆.南盘江盆地位于华南地块南缘,从晚元古代到晚三叠世沉积了一套厚度巨大的海相碳酸盐岩,晚三叠世发育了一套硅质碎屑的浊流沉积,区域沉积也由此转化为河流相沉积.二叠纪和三叠纪碳酸盐岩地层记录了碳酸盐岩台地长期演化历史及其特征多样的沉积建造和沉积环境,而硅质碎屑流和构造沉降速率的变化反映了盆地在三叠纪期间经历的聚合构造和前陆盆地发展过程.在三叠纪时期扬子地台沿西南-北东方向从云南围绕南盘江盆地向贵州延伸,在南盘江盆地中发育了几个孤立的碳酸盐岩台地,包括位于贵州南部和广西境内的大贵州滩和崇左-平果台地.南盘江盆地在晚二叠世发生过一次区域性的海侵事件,早三叠世时期扬子地台和几个孤立台地为由鲕粒边滩组成的低角度斜坡,中三叠世(安尼期)变为由Tubiphytes边礁组成的陡倾斜坡.盆地范围内斜坡变陡激发了Tubiphytes礁和其它的生物体发育,而且它们组成了稳定碳酸盐岩台地的边缘.位于扬子地台西部地区的关林和贞丰一带与最北部的孤立台地(大贵州滩)在安尼期发育了陡倾的边礁.在拉丁期,扬子地台在关林一带进积并与盆地碎屑沉积互层穿插沉积,而位于贞丰的台地边缘出现了由断层控制的地貌特征.与此同时,扬子地台东部(贵阳)由侵蚀滑塌边缘变为进积边缘,向盆地内部进积充填形成了超过600 m的碎屑沉积.但是,与扬子地台不同,位于最北部的孤立台地(大贵州滩)在拉丁期由加积边缘礁变为起伏明显的侵蚀陡崖和饥饿盆地边缘.晚三叠世(卡尼期)扬子地台西部下沉并被晚三叠世浊流沉积埋藏,而扬子地台东部地区在被硅质碎屑沉积埋藏之前持续沉积了一套浅水碳酸盐岩沉积.孤立台地为从南到北逐渐变陡的边缘沉积,而且发育了多个小丘,其中南部地区早期沉降后来被硅质碎屑沉积埋藏,而北部地区到后期下沉.与扬子地台西部一样,最北部的孤立台地(大贵州滩)在晚三叠世下降被碎屑沉积埋藏.以上这种差异源于华南地块南缘因构造聚合作用导致的盆地南部地区不同沉降速率.大贵州滩是盆地中演化历史最长的孤立台地,穿过大贵州滩孤立台地内部和边缘的两条正交剖面显示出了一个被断层切断的向斜构造,这样就很容易识别其沉积建造特征及演化历史.大贵州滩发育的整合的二叠系-三叠系界线剖面以及从早三叠世到中三叠世生物复苏阶段连续的巨厚沉积,使其成为一个研究二叠世末期生物大绝灭期间的海相环境以及生物生态条件最为理想的地区. 相似文献
2.
简述了莺-琼盆地横向沉积分布、纵向沉积序列、动态沉积过程,以及浅海重力流的沉积特征与形成机制。南海北部莺歌海盆地黄流组发育了浅海背景下的大型重力流沉积,琼东南盆地发育了半深海沉积环境下的陵水组、三亚组、梅山组海底扇。其中浅海重力流沉积的主要特征体现在:①沉积规模大小不等,且展布形态存在较大差异; ②海平面变化造成沉积特征的复杂性和多变性; ③浅海重力流沉积通常不具备扇体亚相分异; ④浅海重力流的水道沉积砂体迁移快、堆积厚,表现为水道富集且多期次叠加。莺-琼盆地物源演化与对比揭示了源-汇过程及不同物源输入的动态时空变化,主控因素包括物源供给、相对海平面变化、差异沉降、古地貌(古坡折及坡度)等。 相似文献
3.
为了明确南海西南次海盆V型尖端地壳岩石圈发生最终裂解的特征及其演化过程，通过精细的构造解释、断层活动性定量分析、不同构造演化阶段盆地原型分析、沉降速率分析、沉降史模拟等方法综合分析表明，南海西南次海盆V型尖端临界破裂区为远端带和洋陆转换带构成的地壳岩石圈强烈伸展区，依据地壳岩石圈几何形态，该区域可进一步划分为箱型域和楔型域。楔型域内盆地原型可划分为断陷盆地（Tb-SD）、拆离盆地（SD-PD）和拗陷盆地（PD-Bi）；箱型域在古新世-渐新世（Tb-SD）盆地原型为断陷盆地，之后该区域进入被动沉降期。新生代以来，南海西南次海盆V型尖端在构造演化过程中，盆地沉降中心由陆向洋方向逐渐迁移，岩浆作用在断拗转换幕发育最强烈，致使岩石圈地壳最终发生裂解。区域资料对比分析表明，南海西南次海盆V型尖端在不同构造带内，盆地构造-地层格架具有差异性，且南海西南次海盆V型尖端经历"双拆离作用"后地壳发生破裂，岩浆侵入，形成原洋洋壳。该认识对南海西南部深水盆地内油气勘探具有重大指示意义。 相似文献
4.
缅甸中央沉积盆地完整地记录了印度板块与欧亚板块的缝合过程，是研究这一重要地质事件的有利载体。为了探讨印度－欧亚板块缝合背景下缅甸中央盆地的演化历史，基于高精度地震资料，通过识别和建立典型的地震沉积相，结合地震地层厚度趋势法和沉积补偿原理，对研究区古地貌进行恢复重建。研究结果表明，缅甸中央盆地北部古地貌与盆地西缘印缅增生楔的生长隆升以及火山岛弧带的岩浆活动有密切关系。古地貌和沉积环境在渐新世－中新世期间发生了明显的转变，可能预示着盆地构造环境与古地理格局的重大转变，而控制这一重大转变的核心因素是新特提斯洋／印度洋岩石圈向西缅地块下的俯冲作用。 相似文献
5.
通过剖析平湖斜坡带八角亭组、宝石组火山岩层发育构造条件，探讨了火山活动与盆地裂陷演化关系。在梳理火山岩岩性、赋存层位和同位素年龄基础上，提出A油气田区八角亭组为西湖凹陷早始新世裂陷初始期火山岩层，宝石组为早始新世末向断陷期正常沉积过渡的含火山岩夹层，而B油气田区火山岩层形成时间明显早于西湖凹陷裂陷时代；通过对比分析认为，B油气田区与其西侧台北坳陷、海礁隆起在晚白垩世-古新世处于同一裂陷构造环境，形成相似的侵入-喷发岩浆活动序列。据此，建立了东海盆地两期裂陷演化模式，发育于晚白垩世-古新世的第一期裂陷范围包括现今的台北坳陷及海礁隆起，发育于始新世的第二期裂陷范围主要为西湖凹陷，2期裂陷在平北B油气田区存在叠合区域。在此基础上，从构造环境的角度，提出平湖斜坡带平北B区古隆起之上是有利的凝灰质砂岩层分布区，具备较好的油气成藏条件。 相似文献
6.
通过大量野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区不同比例尺的区域地质调查资料,对柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造岩相古地理格局进行了研究,并探讨了其形成机制.结果表明:柴达木盆地及其邻区中、北部早—中二叠世为陆内盆山裂谷系统,主体处于伸展构造背景,总体表现为堑垒相间的构造古地理格局;南部为巴颜喀拉洋盆,早—中二叠世是巴颜喀拉洋盆扩张最为剧烈且规模最大的时期,巴颜喀拉洋盆中洋岛、海山遍布;早—中二叠世晚期强烈的华力西构造运动使古板块间的相对运动加剧,巴颜喀拉洋盆大洋岩石圈板块向北强烈俯冲,形成东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧及其南部增生带,东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧岩浆活动十分强烈,宗务隆山—西秦岭陆源裂谷盆地进一步发育,形成十分复杂的构造岩相古地理格局.早—中二叠世是研究区地球动力学机制从强烈扩张到强烈汇聚的转折时期,加强其构造岩相古地理研究对建立该区地层序列、探讨其地质演化历史以及指导找矿等均具有重要意义. 相似文献
7.
珠江口盆地白云东区是白云凹陷2个有利成藏区之一，目前勘探正面临转向古近系深层的阶段，急需重新认识深层洼陷结构构造。为了解决珠江口盆地白云东区古近系深层缓坡带砂岩变少，与伸展型半地堑储层发育模式矛盾的问题，利用改善深层成像的重处理三维深度域地震资料及钻井数据进行综合解释，开展了白云东区古近系及基底之下滑脱面全三维构造解析。研究结果表明:按动力学机制对盆地演化阶段进行了重新划分, 构造层序由一个被动裂陷旋回，修改为被动裂陷-主动裂陷-被动裂陷3个旋回；构造幕由3分细化为6个幕次，即由断陷幕-断坳转换幕-坳陷幕细化为裂陷两幕-褶皱两幕-裂陷萎缩幕-漂移幕，细分方案更好地反映了地层变形规律。地层变形方式表现为基底呈东西向挤压构造，盖层为南北向伸展构造。伸展构造发育过程中，主动裂陷旋回参与的基底盖层脱耦变形的新模式协调了白云东区古近纪构造-沉积响应，补充了主动裂陷阶段盆地充填富泥旋回的认识，挤压-伸展同步变形模式丰富了南海盆地空间演化模式，支持了白云凹陷深层新领域的勘探。 相似文献
8.
深海盆地是地质矿产资源开发的战略要地，国际上对深海矿产的勘探竞争也日趋激烈。以南太平洋提基海盆为目标区，分析了海盆区的地形、地层特征和资源潜力。分析表明:①海盆形态受东太平海隆洋中脊扩张、土阿莫土隆起和马克萨斯断裂带、南方断裂带的构造控制，洋壳年龄在４０～２０Ｍａ之间，所获玄武岩为早渐新世形成，年龄超过２９ Ｍａ；②地层沉积物以钙质生物化石、黏土为主要物质组成，并含有沸石、铁锰结核、铁的氧化物等海洋自生物质；③沉积地层呈“三明治”式结构，初步建立了土阿莫土大洋组、南方大洋组岩石地层单位，分别代表站位顶部的远洋黏土层（以第四纪为主）、站位底部含铁含黏土的钙质超微化石软泥层（早渐新世）。站位中部地层可与赤道地区的地层对比，划归至马克萨斯大洋组（晚渐新世－上新世）。④站位揭示提基海盆可能大范围缺失中－晚中新世至上新世的地层，推测是由海盆沉降与海洋碳酸钙补偿深度加深引起钙质溶解而形成沉积间断。⑤海盆海底浅表的远洋黏土层中稀土元素含量高，容易勘查和开采，极具资源开发潜力。 相似文献
9.
基于圈闭形成时间法推测潜江凹陷潜江组油气藏形成的最早时间为上始新统潜二段沉积初期,利用烃源岩生排烃史法
分析潜江凹陷潜江组油气成藏的最早时间为晚始新世,应用流体包裹体资料揭示潜江凹陷潜江组共经历了晚始新世-早渐新世
(37~32Ma)、早渐新世-中中新世(32~14Ma)及中上新世-现今(3~0Ma)共3期油气充注过程,并以第2期早渐新世-中中
新世油气充注最为重要,且自蚌湖向斜带和潜北陡坡带至周矶向斜带再至斜坡带,油气充注时间有逐渐变晚的趋势。由此得出,
综合应用流体包裹体法、圈闭形成时间法、烃源岩生排烃史法等多种方法可较为有效地确定具有复杂构造-沉积背景与演化历史
的含油气盆地(凹陷)的油气成藏期次与时间。 相似文献
分析潜江凹陷潜江组油气成藏的最早时间为晚始新世,应用流体包裹体资料揭示潜江凹陷潜江组共经历了晚始新世-早渐新世
(37~32Ma)、早渐新世-中中新世(32~14Ma)及中上新世-现今(3~0Ma)共3期油气充注过程,并以第2期早渐新世-中中
新世油气充注最为重要,且自蚌湖向斜带和潜北陡坡带至周矶向斜带再至斜坡带,油气充注时间有逐渐变晚的趋势。由此得出,
综合应用流体包裹体法、圈闭形成时间法、烃源岩生排烃史法等多种方法可较为有效地确定具有复杂构造-沉积背景与演化历史
的含油气盆地(凹陷)的油气成藏期次与时间。 相似文献
10.
中新世地层是莺歌海盆地近年天然气勘探主要层系,其沉积体系的演化特征对盆地勘探具有重要意义. 但由于中新世地层埋藏深,钻井少,周缘供源水系复杂,地震资料响应特征较差,导致该层系的沉积类型、成因机 制和时空演化等方面缺少精细研究,这制约了该层系油气勘探的突破.通过岩心、钻井和地震资料的综合解释, 深入分析了中新世物源体系、沉积类型、沉积体系特点及时空演化规律,继而探讨了不同沉积类型对岩性圈闭的 控制作用.研究表明,中新世主要发育海底扇及轴向重力流水道２类沉积体系.海底扇沉积体系受盆地西部越 南昆嵩?起蓝江、宋河等物源水系控制,在二级坡折带进一步控制下主要发育于盆地中央凹陷带;轴向重力流水 道主要受海南?起北部的昌化江及中部的古莺歌海水系控制,在古地形及洋流作用等进一步控制下,早中新世以 水道化型海底扇为主,晚中新世则以峡谷型水道为主.这２类沉积体系在盆地不同λ置表现形式不同,对油气的 勘探意义也存在较大差异.海底扇发育于盆地沉降中心λ置,规模较大,紧临底辟带,易形成规模较大的天然气 气藏,而轴向重力流水道多发育于莺东斜坡带λ置,规模较小,多以小型气藏为主. 相似文献
11.
Based on seismic and drilling data, we calculated tectonic subsidence amounts and rates of the Wan’an Basin by backstripping. The genetic mechanism and syn-rifting process of the basin were analyzed in combination with the regional geological setting. The results reveal that the basin syn-rifted in the Eocene and early Miocene under the control of the dextral strike-slip Wan’an Fault Zone. The transtensional/extentional stresses along this fault zone may be attributed to seafloor spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) in multiple episodes. Extensive basal faults and some small initial rifts in the early Paleogene can be related to southeastward extrusion and clockwise rotation of the Indochina Block. During the Oligocene, the nearly N-S directed spreading of the SCS derived the transtensional stresses in a roughly NW-SE orientation. The basin subsided rapidly in the middle and north to form two major subsidence centers. In the early Miocene, the SCS spread again in a nearly NW-SE direction, resulting in rapid subsidence in the southern basin continuous extending until the period ～16.3 Ma. 相似文献
12.
On the basis of subsidence history analysis and balanced cross-section analysis, the vertical uplift/subsidence history and horizontal extension/compression history of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin are quantitatively studied. The results show that the tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous can be divided into a rifting phase (late Cretaceous to Paleogene) and a post-rifting phase (Neogene to Quaternary). The rifting phase can be further subdivided into an initial rifting stage (late Cretaceous), an intensive rifting stage (Paleocene), a rifting termination stage (Eocene), and an inversion-uplifting stage (Oligocene). Together, this division shows the characteristics of an episodic-evolved intracontinental rift-depression basin. The deformation of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous was mainly fault-related. The horizontal extension and tectonic subsidence were controlled by the activity of faults. The differential evolution of faults also caused variations in local uplift/subsidence movements and the regional heterogeneity in extension. The late Cretaceous initial rifting of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin is related to the Pacific-Eurasia convergence. From the Paleocene intensive rifting stage to present, the Pacific-Eurasia convergence and India-Eurasia convergence have played important roles in the evolution of this region. 相似文献
13.
Ran Weimin Luan Xiwu Lu Yintao Liu Hong Yang Jiajia Zhao Yang He Wenchang Yan Zhonghui 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):47-61
Analysis of 2D seismic data over 4 500 km in length from the Madura Strait Basin in the East Java Sea reveals seismic reflection characteristics of reefs and associated sedimentary bodies, including asymmetrical or symmetrical dome reflections, slope progradational reflections, chaotic reflections and discontinuous strong reflections inside the reef, which onlap the flank of the reef. It is concluded that the developmental paleo-environment of most reefs is mainly conducive to shallow marine carbonate platform facies and platform margin facies, based on well core data, variations in seismic facies and strata thickness. The formation and evolution of all reefs are primarily influenced by the tectonic framework of the Madura Strait Basin. Platform margin reefs are principally controlled by two types of structures: one is a series of E-W trending Paleogene normal faults, and the other is an E-W trending Neogene inversion structures. In addition, wave actions, tidal currents and other ocean currents play an accelerated role in sorting, rounding and redeposition for the accumulation and evolution of reefs. Tertiary reefs in the MSB can be divided into four types: 1) an open platform coral reef of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 2) a platform margin coral reef controlled by normal faults in Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 3) a platform margin Globigerina moundreef controlled by a “hidden” inversion structure in Early Pliocene, and 4) a platform margin Globigerina mound-reef controlled by thrust faults in the early Pliocene. Patterns of the formation and evolution of reefs are also suggested.
相似文献14.
对渭河盆地新生界及其年代的讨论 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
秦岭造山带北缘的渭河盆地，新生界十分发育．前人建立了盆地地层系统．随着地质成果的不断积累，原有的地层系统需要重新整理。在前人工作基础上，根据新的全球变化研究资料和数据，对渭河盆地新生界部分地层的年代做了重新认识。认为红河组形成于古近纪中始新世-晚始新世；白鹿塬组形成于古近纪晚始新世-早渐新世；冷水沟组形成于新近纪中新世早期；寇家村组形成于新近纪中新世中期；灞河组形成于新近纪中新世晚期。蓝田组和游河组不存在层位上下关系，它们可能是地史时期形成的同期异相沉积；三门组的上界年代在不同的地区各不相同，表明古三门湖的消亡时代不同的地区存有差异。蓝田组和游河组形成时期，研究区地形地貌发生分异，表现为地形凸起和凹陷并存，凸起堆积风成沉积，凹陷接受湖泊沉积，这一地貌格局很可能自7．3Ma B．P．以来，一直持续到0．15Ma B．P．，黄土高原的风尘堆积与古三门湖并存的地貌格局是新近纪晚中新世最晚期至0．15Ma B．P．以来研究区重要的地质事件之一，它是当时研究区区域构造运动作用的结果。 相似文献
15.
As one of the biggest marginal seas in the western Pacific margin, the South China Sea (SCS) experienced continental rifting and seafloor spreading during the Cenozoic. The northern continental margin of the SCS is classified as a passive continental margin. However, its depositional and structural evolution remains controversial, especially in the deep slope area. The lack of data hindered the correlation between continental shelf and oceanic basin, and prevented the establishment of sequence stratigraphic frame of the whole margin. The slope basins in the mid-northern margin of SCS developed in the Cenozoic; the sediments and basin infill recorded the geological history of the continental margin and the SCS spreading. Using multi-channel seismic dataset acquired in three survey cruises during 1987 to 2004, combined with the data of ODP Leg 184 core and industrial wells, we carried out the sequence stratigraphic division and correlation of the Cenozoic in the middle-northern margin of SCS with seismic profiles and sedimentary facies. We interpreted the seismic reflection properties including continuity, amplitude, frequency, reflection terminals, and 15 sequence boundaries of the Cenozoic in the study area, and correlated the well data in geological age. The depositional environment changed from river and lake, shallow bay to open-deep sea, in correspondence to tectonic events of syn-rifting, early drifting, and late drifting stages of basin evolution. 相似文献
16.
The Gan-Hang Belt in Southeast China is characterized by several igneous and siliciclastic basins associated with crustal extension during Late Mesozoic. The sedimentary evolution of the red basins is still poorly understood. In this study, sedimentary facies analysis and pebble counting were performed on outcrop sections of the Late Cretaceous Guifeng Group in the Yongfeng-Chongren Basin in central Jiangxi Province. Thirty-five conglomerate outcrops were chosen to measure pebble lithology, size, roundness, weathering degree and preferred orientation. Results show that gravels are mostly fine to coarse pebbles and comprise dominantly quartzites, metamorphic rocks, granitoids and sandstones. Rose diagrams based on imbricated pebbles indicate variable paleocurrent directions. Combining with typical sedimentary structures and vertical successions, we suggest that the Guifeng Group were deposited in alluvial fan, river and playa lake depositional systems. The proposed depositional model indicates that the Hekou Formation represents the start-up stage of the faulted basin, accompanied by sedimentation in alluvial fan and braided river environments. Then this basin turned into a stable expansion stage during the deposition of the Tangbian Formation. Except for minor coarse sediments at the basin margin, the other area is covered with fine-grained sediments of lake and river environments. The Lianhe Formation, however, is once again featured by conglomerates, suggesting a probable tectonic event. Therefore, the study region possibly suffered two tectonic events represented by the conglomerates of the Hekou and Lianhe formations in the context of the crustal extension in Southeast China. 相似文献
17.
豫西济源—义马盆地早中生代地层谭庄组中上段（Ｔ３）和鞍腰组（Ｊ１）是典型的湖泊体系沉积。谭庄组沉积期湖泊相对较浅,受气候控制。由于受季风环流的影响,推测晚三叠世晚期的季节性更强。在三叠纪末—早侏罗世,发生了走滑构造作用。鞍腰组沉积期为走滑引张体制下的湖泊,水体较深,反映了构造沉降的开始。在随后的走滑挤压阶段,该湖泊为三角洲和河流相碎屑沉积物充填。 相似文献
18.
In the Korean Peninsula the Meso-Cenozoic basins were mainly formed due to fault block and block movement. The Mesozoic fracture structures correspond basically to modern large rivers in direction. Such faults were usually developed to rift and formed lake-type tectonic basin, such as the Amrokgang-, Taedonggang-, Ryesonggang-, Hochongang-, Jangphari-, Susongchon-, Pujon-, and Nampho basins. The Mesozoic strata are considered to be divided into the Lower Jurassic Taedong System, Upper Jurassic Jasong System, Upper Jurassic－early Lower Cretaceous Taebo System, and the Upper Cretaceous－Paleocene (Chonjaebong, Hongwon, Jaedok Series) . The Cenozoic block movement succeeded the Mesozoic fault block movement. The Kilju-Myonchon Graben and Tumangang Basin, etc, are the basins related to the fault zones developed from the Oligocene to Miocene. In addition, the Tertiary basins were formed in many areas in the Miocene ( e. g. Sinhung, Oro, Hamhung, Yonghung, Anbyon, Cholwon, etc) . The Cenozoic sedimentation occurred mainly from the late Oligocene to Miocene. The Kilju-Myongchon Graben was the fore deep connected to the sea and the basins inclined in the Chugaryong Fault Zone are intramountain basins. Therefore, coal-bearing beds and clastic rocks in the intramountain basins and rare marine strata and terrigenous clastic rocks are main sedimentary sequences in the Cenozoic. 相似文献