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1.
There are many reports that cells (protoplasts) separated from the thallus of Porphyra by enzyme can develop to normal leafy thalli in the same way as monopores. But there are few investigations on the subcellular structure of the isolated vegetative cell for ccmparison with the subcellular structure of monospores. To clarify whether the separated and cultured cells undergo the same or similar ultrastructure changes during culture and germination as monospores undergo in their formation and germination, we observed their ultrastructure, ccxnpared them with those of the monospore and found that the ultrastructure of separated and cultured cells did not have the characteristic feature as that of monospore formarion, such as production of small and large fibrous vesicles, but was acccxnpanied by vacuolation andstarch mobilization like that in monospore germination. The paper also discusses the relations between monospores and separated and cultured cells. 相似文献
2.
STUDY ON MONOSPORE-LIKE CELLS FROM PORPHYRA HAITANENSIS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Porphyra haitanensis and P.yezoensis are two main Porphyra species cultured in China. Their life histories are slightly different. So far we have not observed that P. haitanensis naturally produces monospores developing into thalli. P.yezoensis produces monospores which directly germinate into young thalli used in cultivation (Zeng,et al., 1985). Some somatic cells in P. yezoensis develop in vitro into monospore-like cells which later grow into young thalli (Lu, 1983). Studies on whether or not somatic cells in P.haitanensis can produce in vitro monospore-like cells that later grow into young thalli is important for understanding its life history and for culturing new varieties. 相似文献
3.
Fe^2＋ acted as an accessorial factor for many cellular enzymatic reactions is very important for seaweed growth and development, but the Fe^2＋ requirement in nori had not been seen. Porphyra yezoensis cells were separated enzymatically and cultured in a series of sterilized seawater media containing various concentrations of Fe^2＋. The growth development and cell were investigated in this work. Through this experiment, two biologically-meant concentration scales were found, one is low concentrations, 12.1-102.1μg/L, 10-100 times than that in seawater, favoring the development of isolated cells of Porphyra and the other was high concentrations, more than 10mg/L inhibiting the cell growth, leading to the deformity and shrinkage of the cells. At the concentration of 50 mg/L, the cells stopped growing and died eventually. 相似文献
4.
It had been demonstrated that individual or protoplasts isolated from Porphyra thallus by enzyme could develop into normal leafy thalli in the same way as monosproes,and that isolated cells develop in different way in liquid and on semi-solid media,The authors observed the ultrastructure of isolated vegetative cells cultured on semi-solid media and compared them with those of monospores and isolated cells cultured in liquid media,The results showed that subcellular struce-tures were quite different among cells in different conditions.In their development,isolated cells on semi-solid media did not show the characteristic subcellular eature of monospore formation ,such as production of fibrous vesicles,Callus-like cells formed on semi-solid media underwent a distinctive modification in cellular organization.They developed characteristic cell inclusions and a special 2-layer cell covering,Golgi bodies,ER ,starch grains,mitochondria,Vaculoes were not commonly found in them. 相似文献
5.
Pyropia yezoensis(formerly Porphyra yezoensis) is an economically important red alga that is cultured extensively in China. The red rot disease occurs commonly during Pyropia cultivation,causing serious economic losses. An incidence of red rot disease was found in a P. yezoensis farm from mid-November to mid-December 2015 at Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China. Histopathological examination revealed that the naturally infected thalli were infected apparently by a pathogen, leading to red rot symptoms. The causative agent was isolated and identified as the oomycete Pythium chondricola by morphological analysis and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(cox1). In artificial infection experiments on the P. yezoensis blades, the P. chondricola isolate was able to cause the same characteristic histopathology seen in natural infections. P. chondricola grew well at a wide range of temperatures in the range 8-31℃, salinities at 0-45 and pH 5-9. In an orthogonal test used to determine the effects of environmental factors(temperature, salinity, and zoospore concentration)on infection, the data revealed that temperature was the most important factor to affect red rot disease development, with the optimal conditions for disease expansion being 20℃, 35 salinity, and a zoospore concentration of 10~6 zoospores/mL. The results obtained from the present study prompted us to set up a comprehensive epidemiological study on Pyropia, which will provide support to maintain the healthy development of the Pyropia industry in China. 相似文献
6.
Modified carbol fuchsin staining method was successfully introduced into the karyotype analyses of marine algae, in-cluding Porphyra, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica. Haploid chromosomes were numbered clearly in the vegetative, spermatangial and conchosporangial cells of P. haitanensis and P. yezoensis. Diploid chromosomes were observed and numbered in immature conchosporangial cells of P. haitanensis and P. yezoensis. Pit-connections of Porphyra were also clearly demonstrated. Prophase chromosomes of conchocelis cells were also clearly stained with modified carbol fuchsin. One molar per liter hydrochloric hydrolysis at 60℃ for 7-8min is necessary for getting transparent cytoplasm for conchosporangial karyotype analysis of Porphyra. Staining effects of the three methods using iron alum acetocarmine, aceto-iron-haematoxylin-chloral hydrate and modified carbol fuchsin were compared on the vegetative, sperrnatangial and conchosporangial cells of Porphyra and the gametophytes of U. pinnati-fida and L. japonica. Among the three methods, the modified carbol fuchsin method gave the best result of deep staining and good contrast between nucleus and cytoplasm. 相似文献
7.
Chuner Cai Yuan Wang Chunxia Li Ziye Guo Rui Jia Weining Wu Yan Hu Peimin He 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(3):479-484
Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were purified from Porphyra yezoensis Ueda with their bioactivity determined in this study. Continuous precipitation with ammonium sulfate at different concentrations （10%, 20%, 40%and 50%） increased the purity （A564：A280） of phycoerythrin to 1.49, 3.92 fold of the raw extract （0.38） and the purity （A615：A280） of phycocyanin to 0.70, 3.33 fold of the raw extract （0.21）. Two more times of chromatography with hydroxylapatites finally made the purity of phycoerythrin and phy-cocyanin reach 5.50, 14.47 fold of the raw extract, and 5.10, 24.29 fold of the raw extract, respectviely. The yield of high purity phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were 0.21%and 0.09%of dried P. yezoensis blade, respectively. The photodynamic cytotoxic ex-periment showed that both phycoerythrin and phycocyanin inhibited the growth of liver tumor cells significantly. It was found that 250 mg L-1 purified phycoerythrin and phycocyanin inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells 24 h after laser-irradiation by 80%and 59%, respectively, and 100 mg L-1 purified phycoerythrin and phycocyanin induced the apoptosis of 31.54%and 32.54%of the cells, respectively, 8 h after photodynamic therapy. Oue findings demonstrated that P. yezoensis can serve as photosensitizer （phycoerythrin and phycocyanin） producer. 相似文献
8.
The wild Porphyra yezoensis collected from the Qingdao coast was used to prepare protoplasts by enzyme digestion. The pure line was constructed by cultivating the protoplasts. The 18S rDNA of the P. yezoensis pure line was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis was executed for this sequence and other 22 sequences retrieved from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. The results revealed a high diversity of 18S rDNA sequences in genus Porphyra and the considerable variation of 18S rDNA sequences in different strains of the same species P. yezoensis and P. tenera. Significant difference of 18S rDNA sequence was observed between P. yezoensis from Qingdao, China, and the two strains of P. yezoensis from Japan, but the three strains of P. yezoensis formed a stable clade in the phylogenetic tree. These results indicate the possibility of interspecies and intraspecies discrimination of Porphyra using the 18S rDNA sequences. 相似文献
9.
This research deals mainly with the use of the vegetative cells of a marine red alga Porphyra hailanensis (laver) as seeds and their culture into young thalli for further cultivation in the sea. The experimental process was as follows. Enzymatically isolated vegetative cells were attached to rope substrates and cultured in the laboratory for a month until they became about 0.2-0.5 cm long sporelings and were then attached (7-15 sporelings per cm of rope) to nets for removal to the open sea for cultivation. A month after culturing, the thalli reached a maximum length of 50 cm (average of 20-30 cm). The thalli grew faster as the water temperature dropped from 21℃ to 17℃. It was proved that the vegetative cells isolated from a small thallus about 5 cm long could grow up into normal thalli after being kept frozen for a year. The results of this study show that vegetative cells can be used as new seeds to simplify the production of laver sporelings. This technique is a significant advance in the field of P 相似文献
10.
Endogenous levels of UVAC in different parts of matured gametophytic blades of Porphyra haitanensis and the effect of exogenous UVAC on sporangial branchlet formation are studied. The UVAC value in vegetative (36. 78 mg/g) and reproductive (29.25 mg/g) parts of female thallus is higher than their counterparts in male thallus (34.68 mg/g and 20.46 mg/g). The UVAC value of reproductive parts is higher than vegetative parts of same sexual thallus. The optimal UVAC concentration for sporangial branchlet formation is 0.1 mg/g. 相似文献
11.
Observation of female gamete (Carpogonia) germination of Porphyra yezoensis and P. oligospermatangia
Several papers have reported that part or whole leafy thallus seemingly consisting of zygotospores can give rise to both blades
and conchocelis in the same culture ofPorphyra. Study on samples of wild and cultivatedPorphyra yezoensis andP. oligospermatangia were conducted to clarify the origination of the young blades in the culture. It is confirmed that single cells on the blade
of both species, which normally intermixed with zygotospores, germinated into young blades. TEM and SEM observation has shown
that the single cells ofPorphyra yezoensis had typical features of female gamete (carpogonia) but archeospore. Therefore, the female gametes are responsible in developing
leafy thalli.
This project was sponsored by the NSFC (No. C-0205-05-39770593) 相似文献
12.
LIU Hongquan ) ) YU Wengong ) * DAI Jixun ) GONG Qianhong ) SHI Xiaochong ) YANG Kunfeng ) ) Institute of Marine Drugs Foods Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China ) College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1)
1 Introduction PorphyraisthemainobjectforalgafarmingandplaysaveryimportantroleinChinesemarineindus tries.Recently ,therehasbeenagreatlossinPor phyracultivationduetothedegenerationoftheculti var,sothereisanincreasingdemandforgoodPor phyracultivars .Theprerequisiteofthetraditionalbreed ingandbioengineeringresearchofPorphyraistheconstructionofpurelines .Traditionally ,theclassifi cationofPorphyrawasaccordingtotheirmorphologi calcharacteristics .However ,mostmorphologicalfea turesofPorphyraar… 相似文献
13.
严兴洪 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,(3)
Isolated protoplasts from thalli of Porphyra haitanensis and Porphyra yezoensis were treated with colchicine or irradiated by ultraviolet (UV ). Several types of color variants were observed among the protoplast offspring. After treatment with colchicine: (1) 0.04-0.09% of red type variants in P. haitanensis were obtained; (2) The rate of red type variants and the variegated chimeral thalli composed of red type and wild type of sectors were 6.31- 1.11% in P. yezoensis. After irradiation with UV: (1) 3.5- 10.5% of red type variants in P. yezoensis were obtained: (2) 0.5-2-0% of red type variants and the variegated chimeral thalli composed of red type and wild type of sectors were obtained in P. haitanensis. Colchicine and UV's mutangenic effects on P. yezoensis protoplasts were stronger than those on P. haitanensis protoplasts. The most efficient concentration of colchicine was 0.05%. The optimal length of UV-radiation was 1/2 min (radiation distance 5 cm). The red type variants induced, by colchicine tr 相似文献
14.
GONG Qianhong) YU Wengong) * DAI Jixun) LIU Hongquan) ) XU Rifu) GUAN Huashi) and PAN Kehou) ) College of Medicine Pharmaceutics Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China ) College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China ) College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(1):21-25
1 Introduction Porphyra yezoensis is one of the most widely con-sumed and cultivated seaweeds in the world. Over the past decades, much effort has been made in improving the cultured stocks and developing breeding techniques of alga. At present, nuclear transformation systems of eu-karyotic algae such as green unicellular alga Chlamydo-monas reinhardii (Rochaix and Dillewijn, 1982), diatom Phseodactylum tricornutum (Lioudmila et al., 2000) and simple multicellular green alga Volvox carteri (… 相似文献
15.
1 INTRODUCTION Pit connection is an important feature in Rhodophyta and significant in algal phylogeny. Various documents have illustrated the existence of pit-connection in red alga previously (Migita, 1967; Ramus 1969a, b; Bourne et al., 1970; Lee and F… 相似文献
16.
An improved method of PCR in which the small segment of conchocelis is amplified directly without DNA extraction was used to amplify a RUBISCO intergenic spacer DNA fragment from nine species of red algal genus Porphyra(Bangiales,Rhodophyta),including Porphyra yezoensis(Jiangsu,China),P.haitanensis(Fujian,China),P.oligospermatangia(Qingdao,China),P.katadai(Qingdao,China),P.tenera(Qingdao,China),P.suborboculata(Fujian,China),P.pseudolinearis(Kogendo,Korea),P.linearis(Devon,England),and P.fallax(Seattle,USA).... 相似文献
17.
It had been demonstrated that individual cells or protoplasts isolated from Porphyra thallus by enzyme could develop into normal leafy thalli in the same way as monospores, and that isolated cells develop in different way in liquid and on semi solid media. The authors observed the ultrastructure of isolated vegetative cells cultured on semi solid media and compared them with those of monospores and isolated cells cultured in liquid media. The results showed that subcellular structures were quite different among cells in different conditions. In their development, isolated cells on semi solid media did not show the characteristic subcellular feature of monospore formation, such as production of fibrous vesicles. Callus like cells formed on semi solid media underwent a distinctive modification in cellular organization. They developed characteristic cell inclusions and a special 2 layer cell covering. Golgi bodies, ER, starch grains, mitochondria. Vacuoles were not commonly found in them. 相似文献