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1.
【目的】研究湛江港海域的游泳动物资源结构及多样性特征。【方法】根据2016—2017年湛江港海域4个季度的底拖网渔业资源调查数据,采用相对重要性指数(index of relative importance,IRI)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和ABC曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curve)分析该海域游泳动物的种类组成、优势种和多样性水平等群落结构特征。【结果】该海域共发现游泳动物173种,隶属于16目68科116属;其中鱼类种类数最多(98种,占总种类数的56.7%),以底层鱼类和暖水性鱼类为主;其次是甲壳类(66种,占38.2%),头足类最少(9种,占5.2%)。4个季节的优势种累计有11种(鱼类6种、甲壳类5种),其中条纹叫姑鱼(Johnius fasciatus)是春、夏、秋3个季节的共同优势种。从时间维度上看,秋季的H'、D均为最高,而春季的J最高;从空间维度上看,湛江港口门处S6站位多样性水平相对较高。ABC曲线结果显示,湛江港海域游泳动物群落在冬季受干扰程度高于其它3个季节。【结论】湛江港海域游泳动物种类丰富,其中鱼类是主要的游泳动物类群。 相似文献
2.
东海中部夏季鱼类群落结构及其多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2008年8月东海区主要渔场重要渔业资源调查资料,分析东海中部鱼类的种类组成、区系特征、多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明:共调查捕获鱼类88种,其中暖水种59种,占67.0%;暖温种29种,占33.0%。相对重要性指数(IRI)值大于500的优势种鱼类共有5种,分别为带鱼、刺鲳、小黄鱼、六斑刺鲀和鳄齿鱼;种类丰富度指数变动范围为0.10～2.31,平均为0.88;Shannon-Wiener多样度指数变动范围为0.01～1.86,平均为0.87;种类均匀度指数变动范围为0.01～0.92,平均为0.41;东海中部夏季鱼类多样性指数与往年相比有下降的趋势。 相似文献
3.
【目的】研究雷州半岛东部近岸海域大型底栖经济甲壳动物的群落结构及其影响因素,为甲壳类资源评估与合理利用提供参考依据。【方法】于2016年4月至2017年2月按季度在该海域开展4个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查,采集经济甲壳动物样品,并进行分类鉴定,同时采集环境数据。采用聚类分析和冗余分析(RDA),评价该海域不同季节甲壳动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系。【结果】共有甲壳动物98种,隶属2目24科43属;全年优势种有变态蟳(Charybdis variegata)、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)和须赤虾(Metapenaeopsis barbata)等10种;各季节丰富度指数(D)、多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)均以夏季最高,冬、春季次之,秋季最低;各季节均可划分为两个群落(Anosim test:0.579相似文献
4.
《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(3)
【目的】研究海南东部外海海域鱼类群落特征,比较其与近海海域鱼类群落的差异,为海南外海渔业资源的科学管理提供参考依据。【方法】运用群落参数和环境-生物的冗余分析(RDA,Redundancy analysis)研究2019年春季(4月)、秋季(9月)水深86～380 m的海南东部外海海域鱼类群落结构特征。【结果与结论】春、秋季共调查到鱼类312种,隶属于26目96科195属。优势种组成方面,春季为黄鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus hypargyreus)和深水金线鱼(Nemipterus bathybius);秋季为蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、黄鳍马面鲀、深水金线鱼和短尾大眼鲷(Priacanthusmacracanthus);春秋季共有优势种深水金线鱼和黄鳍马面鲀的优势体长存在明显的季节波动,黄鳍马面鲀为秋季(80～105 mm)大于春季(60～85 mm),而深水金线鱼则反之。渔获量季节变化明显,秋季多样性特征指数平均值略高于春季。RDA结果表明,水深、pH、水温、溶解氧和盐度在春、秋季对鱼类资源量(质量密度,kg/km2)空间变化的解释率分别为58.34%、53.94%。水深(P=0.003～0.004)和pH (P=0.017～0.002)在春秋季均对鱼类群落结构有显著影响,盐度仅在秋季有显著影响(P=0.013),在春季则无影响(P=0.860)。海南东部外海海域鱼类种类组成、资源量优于海南近海、雷州湾、大亚湾和北部湾海域;在渔业资源开发过程中,除应关注主要经济种类种群水平上的捕捞产量外,更应关注群落水平上种类多样性及优势种的季节变化。 相似文献
5.
【目的】研究底拖网作业对珠江口香港海域底层鱼类的影响。【方法】根据2007-2009年及2014-2016年在珠江口香港海域进行的定点底拖网调查数据,分析该海域在禁止底拖网捕捞实施前后鱼类种类组成及生物量和生态多样性指数,评估5种典型底层鱼类资源的变化。【结果与结论】该海域捕获鱼类种类数在禁止底拖网作业后明显增加,鱼类种类数量从44种升至73种。种类丰富度指数D变化范围为:2007至2009年,4.937~5.711,2014至2016年,6.559~7.074;多样性指数H'变化范围为:2007至2009年,1.945~2.841,2014至2016年,2.220~2.381;均匀度指数J变化范围为:2007至2009年,0.539~0.776,2014至2016年,0.557~0.600。卵鳎Solea ovata、韦式羊舌鮃Arnoglossus waitei、尖嘴魟Dasyatis zugei这3种底层鱼类禁止底拖网实施后在数量(number)和生物量(biomass)上都增幅明显。不同站位数量和生物量的数值在“禁拖令”实施后也都有所增加,其中以站位2(大屿山以北,较靠近香港国际机场海域)增加最为显著。 相似文献
6.
【目的】探讨放养鱼类对乌梁素海水生态的影响。【方法】2017年7月-2018年4月共设置6个采样点,分别对乌梁素海现存水草区与鱼类放养区水体表层浮游植物进行调查分析,并对两区域的营养状态与水质状况进行分析评价。【结果】调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门76属154种,其中现存水草区(142种)多于鱼类放养区(88种),现存水草区浮游植物种属组成为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型,鱼类放养区为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型。现存水草区平均多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(D)分别为4.29、4.23,明显高于鱼类放养区(2.46、2.30)。两区域浮游植物优势种共26种,其中现存水草区(24种)多于鱼类放养区(11种),现存水草区以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻为主要优势种,而鱼类放养区则以蓝藻为绝对优势种。浮游植物平均密度现存水草区(25.19×106 cell/L)显著低于鱼类放养区(275.79×106 cell/L)(P 0.05),而平均生物量现存水草区(13.34 mg/L)虽低于鱼类放养区(36.20 mg/L),但差异不显著(P 0.05)。研究显示,现存水草区营养状态为中营养-轻度富营养,鱼类放养区为中度富营养-重度富营养;两区域水质均为中度污染到重度污染状态。【结论】与历史数据相比,现存水草区浮游植物群落表现为浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种转变为蓝藻为主。与现存水草区相比,鱼类放养区浮游植物群落因放养鲢、鳙的摄食导致浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种向可食性差、生长快的群体型蓝藻演替。 相似文献
7.
调查东莞内陆自然水域1982-1984和2005-2010年的鱼类资源。结果显示,1982-1984年,有鱼类151种,分隶17目44科,其中洄游性鱼类8种,河口性鱼类47种。纯淡水鱼类中,鲤形目67种,鲇形目14种,组成东莞纯淡水鱼类的主体,约占84.4%;河口鱼类中,鲈形目26种,与鲱、鲻形目组成东莞沿岸、三角洲水网咸淡水鱼类的主体,约占76.7%。鲤形目、鲈形目和鲇形目组成东莞内陆自然水域原生态鱼类的主体,约占鱼类总数的80.1%。2005-2010年的复查结果,仅存鱼类107种,分隶18目40科,其中原土著鱼类96种,隶属15目34科。近30年间,有2目10科56种土著鱼类消失,减少37.1%,生物多样性下降;外来入侵鱼类增多3目6科11种,从原先占有比例的2.6%增至14%。分析主要经济鱼类的生物学特征以及鱼类资源变动原因,探讨鱼类资源的利用、增殖和保护。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(5)
【目的】研究河道阻隔对滁河及其支流浮游生物群落的影响。【方法】2015年11月对滁河及2条支流共23个采样点的浮游生物及水环境指标进行调查研究。【结果与结论】调查河段水体未受到有机污染,氮磷含量适宜藻类生长,不同区段水体营养盐含量存在显著差异。本次调查共检出浮游植物57属105种,其中绿藻门种类最多(占55.24%);共检出浮游动物52属88种,其中原生动物种类最多(占65.36%)。浮游生物种类数、密度空间分布呈现支流来安河段最高、清流河段最低的趋势,而滁河干流上游段和下游段则相差不大。浮游生物多样性评价结果表明该流域浮游生物群落结构稳定,多样性指数表现为下游高于上游,干流高于支流的特征。浮游生物与环境因子之间的相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明,总磷、氨氮、亚硝态氮、叶绿素a和pH是影响浮游植物分布的主要因子;总氮、总磷、溶解氧、透明度、亚硝态氮和叶绿素a是影响浮游动物分布的主要因子。 相似文献
9.
【目的】调查灌河口邻近海域生态环境状况。【方法】2016年5月对该海域进行水质、沉积物和生物生态现状调查。【结果与结论】水质主要超标因子为无机氮、磷酸盐;沉积物质量监测项目全部符合一类沉积物质量标准。浮游植物生物多样性指数丰富(3.11),浮游动物、游泳动物的生物多样性指数较丰富(大于2),底栖生物较贫乏(0.97)。底栖生物密度与沉积物硫化物显著正相关。浮游植物密度与叶素绿a显著正相关。小型网浮游动物密度与水温、化学需氧量显著负相关,其种类与营养盐、化学需氧量显著负相关,二者均与盐度显著正相关。 相似文献
10.
根据2010~2011年中街山列岛水域4个季节的渔业资源调查资料,分析了该水域虾类资源密度和群落多样性,并探讨了底层温度、底层盐度和水深对虾类数量分布和多样性的影响.结果表明:共有虾类20种,隶属于9科18属;广温广盐种无论在种类数还是尾数密度与生物量均占主导地位;虾类生物量和尾数密度在季节分布上,以冬季最高,冬季均与春、夏和秋三季呈显著差异(p值<0.05);平面分布上,生物量与密度指数总体上呈南北高、中间低,东部高西部低的特征;生物量与平均底温显著相关(P<0.05),与平均底盐和水深相关性较差(p值>0.05);葛氏长臂虾、细巧仿对虾、中国毛虾、日本鼓虾和中华管鞭虾为四季的优势种,且均属广温广盐种;虾类群落Margalef丰富度指数为0.61~1.09,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.76~1.31,Pielou均匀度指数为0.50~0.70,其中丰富度指数和多样性指数春季与冬季均存在显著差异(P<0.05),均匀度指数秋季与冬季存在显著差异(p值<0.05). 相似文献
11.
【目的】构建渔业资源质量状况评价体系,评估渔业管理成效,服务海洋渔业可持续发展。【方法】以北部湾底拖网调查数据为基础,结合渔业统计数据,构建渔业资源质量状况评价指标体系。该体系分3个层次,下设7项指标。通过专家经验法和平均赋值法对指标进行赋值,得到各指标权重,建立质量状况评价等级指数,并利用该等级指数对北部湾渔业资源进行评价。【结果与结论】1992―2017年北部湾渔业资源评价指标中有6项呈下降趋势;质量状况评价等级指数波动在0.44~0.56之间。自20世纪90年代以来,北部湾渔业资源一直处于临界状态。该评价结果与北部湾渔业资源利用的实际状况基本相符,证明该方法具有合理性和可操作性,可为其他海区渔业资源质量状况评价提供借鉴。 相似文献
12.
The status of fishery stocks in the coastal waters of China is far from ideal, mainly due to climate change and the impacts
of human activities (e.g., pollution and overfishing). Thus, the restoration and protection of fishery resources have become
critical and complex. The stability and balanced structure of the fish community is a basic foundation for the protection
of fishery resources. Based on data collected from bottom trawls by the R/V Beidou in continental shelf of the East China Sea in November 2006 and February 2007, changes in the composition and diversity of
fish species and functional groups were analyzed. The research area was divided into offshore waters and inshore waters by
the two-way indicator species analysis (TWIA). The results showed that the dominant species were different between offshore
waters and inshore waters and also varied with the survey time. The most abundant family was Sciaenidae and Teraponidae in
November 2006, Sciaenidae, Engraulidae and Triglidae were most abundant in February 2007. The species belonged mainly to mobile
piscivores (G6), benthivores/piscivores (G4), benthivores (G3) and planktivores (G1), and the dominant species in November
2006 were commercial species (e.g. Larimichthys polyactis and Trichiurus japonicus), but small-sized species were dominant in February 2007 (e.g., Harpadon nehereus, Benthosema pterotum, Champsodon capensis, and Acropoma japonicum). The species diversity showed a similar trend as the functional group diversity. Stations with higher diversity were mainly
distributed in inshore waters in February 2007, whereas higher diversity was found in offshore waters in November 2006. The
highest biomass and species number were found in G6 group, followed by the G4, G5 and G1 groups. The distribution of the number
of individuals of each functional group showed the opposite trend as that of the biomass distribution. In addition, the size
spectra were mainly concentrated around 3–29 cm, and the individual number of fish species gradually decreased with the increase
in body size, but the relative biomass showed a moderate fluctuation in each size class. These changes showed that species
with faster growth rate and earlier maturity age became dominant in continental shelf of the East China Sea. So the variations
in biological characteristics of fish should be fully considered in maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resource. 相似文献
13.
【目的】从栖息地角度解析东海带鱼种群变动的原因,揭示东海带鱼资源变动的主要影响因子。【方法】通过综述我国60多年的东海带鱼研究成果,从栖息地选择、种群数量年间波动、生物学变化等角度阐述东海带鱼对栖息地环境变化的适应性表现。【结果与结论】揭示东海带鱼“衰而不竭”除了与带鱼偏r-选择型的生活史特征和摄饵可塑性强的习性有关外,还与其较强的栖息地环境适应性有关,其中温度、盐度和饵料对带鱼的影响较明显。现阶段应重点从海流(温度、盐度)和关键饵料生物历史变化等角度揭示东海带鱼资源变动的原因,为东海带鱼资源保护和生境修复提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
Decreasing fish resources in estuaries is a subject of anthropogenic activities.Studies of the spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae can help identify the status and processes underlying recruitment in a fishery.As the fifth largest river estuary in the world,the Huanghe(Yellow)River estuary(HRE)is a typical estuary that has been seriously affected by human activities.Annual surveys on ichthyoplankton and environmental factors were conducted in the months of May of 2005 and 2009-2016 in the HRE to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae and the associated influencing factors.A total of 23 and 20 species of eggs and larvae,respectively,were collected.The dominant orders were Perciformes(51.2%)and Clupeiformes(25.6%).The average number of fish species eggs and larvae were 6.0 and 4.1 in average abundance of 0.91 and 0.13 ind./m~3,respectively.The dominant species were mainly low-commercial-value small-sized fishes,such as Clupanodon punctatus,Hare,ngula zutnasi,and Acanthogobius,whereas certain traditional commercial fishes,such as Trichiurus lepturus,and Clupea pallasii,were not seen.Analysis of the fish egg and larval community revealed four temporal assemblages and two spatial assemblages.Salinity was the main factor on the spatial distribution of ichthyoplankton communities,the species number and Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H')of the fish egg and larval community near the river mouth with lower salinity were significantly lower than the community far away from the river mouth with higher salinity.In addition,increases of water temperature promoted the number and abundance of fish species eggs,and the areas of abundant prey tended to have a more diversified and abundant of ichthyoplankton species.In overall,overfishing,dam construction,and other human activities were the main drivers that led to the substantial decline in fishery resources in the HRE. 相似文献
15.
Spatio-seasonal patterns of fish diversity,Haizhou Bay,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Spatial-seasonal patterns in fish diversity in Haizhou Bay were studied based on stratified random surveys conducted in 2011.Principal component analysis was conducted to distinguish different diversity components,and the relationships among 11 diversity indices were explored.Generalized additive models were constructed to examine the environmental effects on diversity indices.Eleven diversity indices were grouped into four components:(1) species numbers and richness,(2) heterogeneous indices,(3) evenness,and(4) taxonomic relatedness.The results show that diversity indices among different components are complementary.Spatial patterns show that fish diversity was higher in coastal areas,which was affected by complex bottom topography and spatial variations of water mass and currents.Seasonal trends could be best explained by the seasonal migration of dominant fish species.Fish diversity generally declined with increasing depth except for taxonomic distinctness,which increased with latitude.In addition,bottom temperature had a significant effect on diversity index of richness.These results indicate that substrate complexity and environmental gradients had important influences on fish diversity patterns,and these factors should be considered in fishery resource management and conservation.Furthermore,diversity in two functional groups(demersal/pelagic fishes) was influenced by different environmental factors.Therefore,the distribution of individual species or new indicators in diversity should be applied to examine spatio-seasonal variations in fish diversity. 相似文献
16.
There are 3048 species offish occurring in the China Seas (CS), of which at least 2321 species are found in the South China Sea (SCS), belonging to 35 orders, 236 families and 822 genera. The fish species diversity is analyzed in this paper based on biogeography, biostatisties, fishing methods, etc. It is found that the regional environment, especially biological factors, plays an important role in the distribution of faunas, and there are two fish faunas in the SCS, one in the north and another in the center and south. This regional division is of value for sustainable fishery production and efficient management of fishery resources. 相似文献