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1.
【目的】调查了解镇江豚类保护区鱼类资源状况,丰富鱼类资源本底数据。【方法】于2013、2016和2019年,分别开展3次渔业资源调查,对该区域鱼类种类组成、优势种、体型大小及群落多样性进行统计分析。【结果】共记录鱼类68种属于7目13科47属;鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类种类占比较为稳定,鲇形目(Siluriformes)鱼类资源量有下降趋势,鲈形目(Siluriformes)鱼类种类占比上升明显;不同年份优势种替代较为明显;2016年的物种丰富度指数和多样性指数最高,分别为6.528、3.026。【结论】保护区鱼类资源较为丰富,但不同年份鱼类群落变化较为明显,渔业资源面临小型化趋势。 相似文献
2.
【目的】研究湛江港海域的游泳动物资源结构及多样性特征。【方法】根据2016—2017年湛江港海域4个季度的底拖网渔业资源调查数据,采用相对重要性指数(index of relative importance,IRI)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和ABC曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curve)分析该海域游泳动物的种类组成、优势种和多样性水平等群落结构特征。【结果】该海域共发现游泳动物173种,隶属于16目68科116属;其中鱼类种类数最多(98种,占总种类数的56.7%),以底层鱼类和暖水性鱼类为主;其次是甲壳类(66种,占38.2%),头足类最少(9种,占5.2%)。4个季节的优势种累计有11种(鱼类6种、甲壳类5种),其中条纹叫姑鱼(Johnius fasciatus)是春、夏、秋3个季节的共同优势种。从时间维度上看,秋季的H'、D均为最高,而春季的J最高;从空间维度上看,湛江港口门处S6站位多样性水平相对较高。ABC曲线结果显示,湛江港海域游泳动物群落在冬季受干扰程度高于其它3个季节。【结论】湛江港海域游泳动物种类丰富,其中鱼类是主要的游泳动物类群。 相似文献
3.
黄河入海口水域春季浮游动物群落特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对2008、2009年黄河入海口水域春季浮游动物进行调查,采用香农-威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Weiner index)、Pielou均匀度指数和McNaugton优势度指数对其浮游动物群落特征进行分析。结果表明:浮游动物鉴定出6大类44种,以甲壳动物种类最多;2008年5月黄河入海口水域浮游动物多样性指数范围为0.92～2.65,均匀度变化范围为0.25～0.66;2009年5月浮游动物多样性指数范围为0.76～2.87,均匀度变化范围为0.21～0.70。黄河入海口水域浮游动物时空分布较不均匀,群落特征(包括丰度、多样性指数、均匀度和优势度等)在同一时期同一水域各采样点间差异较大,同一采样点不同年份差异显著。 相似文献
4.
【目的】研究底拖网作业对珠江口香港海域底层鱼类的影响。【方法】根据2007-2009年及2014-2016年在珠江口香港海域进行的定点底拖网调查数据,分析该海域在禁止底拖网捕捞实施前后鱼类种类组成及生物量和生态多样性指数,评估5种典型底层鱼类资源的变化。【结果与结论】该海域捕获鱼类种类数在禁止底拖网作业后明显增加,鱼类种类数量从44种升至73种。种类丰富度指数D变化范围为:2007至2009年,4.937~5.711,2014至2016年,6.559~7.074;多样性指数H'变化范围为:2007至2009年,1.945~2.841,2014至2016年,2.220~2.381;均匀度指数J变化范围为:2007至2009年,0.539~0.776,2014至2016年,0.557~0.600。卵鳎Solea ovata、韦式羊舌鮃Arnoglossus waitei、尖嘴魟Dasyatis zugei这3种底层鱼类禁止底拖网实施后在数量(number)和生物量(biomass)上都增幅明显。不同站位数量和生物量的数值在“禁拖令”实施后也都有所增加,其中以站位2(大屿山以北,较靠近香港国际机场海域)增加最为显著。 相似文献
5.
2007年7月对茂名市小东江的浮游生物及污染状况进行调查和分析,结果共检出浮游植物122种,其中蓝藻门15属34种,占(总种类数,下同)27.9%,硅藻门16属26种,占21.3%,绿藻门29属52种,占42.6%,裸藻门3属6种,占4.9%,金藻门1属1种,占0.8%,黄藻门3属3种,占2.5%;浮游动物78种,其中原生动物门26属36种,占46.2%,轮虫动物门9属16种,占20.5%,节肢动物门枝角类8属14种,占17.9%,桡足类10属11种,占14.1%,水生昆虫1属1种,占1.3%。各调查断面浮游植物的种类数平均为37种,细胞密度在11.3×104~19.5×104/L,Ⅴ断面最高,Ⅰ断面最低,平均为14.4×104/L;浮游动物种类数平均为27种,密度平均为2 895/L。相邻断面间Jaccard种类相似性指数范围为0.13~0.23,各断面环境异质性相差较大,该季节河水流动性小。叶绿素a含量为19.9~45.3μg/L,它与细胞密度呈显著的正相关,与无机氮、无机磷和COD均不存在明显的相关性。各断面的浮游植物多样性指数为3.1~4.5,均匀度为0.62~0.85;浮游动物的多样性指数为2.7~3.9,均匀度我0.59~0.80。对βm-αm指示种种类组成和群落结构分析,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ断面水质属生态中污类型,而Ⅰ断面属生态寡污类型。以国家地表水质量标准评判,各断面COD含量为Ⅰ类水;无机氮含量除Ⅰ断面外,其他断面均为Ⅲ类水;无机磷含量均优于Ⅱ类水;石油类除Ⅰ、Ⅱ断面为Ⅳ类水外,其他断面均为Ⅴ类水。单因子污染指数分析表明,小东江流域水质为中污染至重污染之间。 相似文献
6.
【目的】探讨放养鱼类对乌梁素海水生态的影响。【方法】2017年7月-2018年4月共设置6个采样点,分别对乌梁素海现存水草区与鱼类放养区水体表层浮游植物进行调查分析,并对两区域的营养状态与水质状况进行分析评价。【结果】调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门76属154种,其中现存水草区(142种)多于鱼类放养区(88种),现存水草区浮游植物种属组成为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型,鱼类放养区为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型。现存水草区平均多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(D)分别为4.29、4.23,明显高于鱼类放养区(2.46、2.30)。两区域浮游植物优势种共26种,其中现存水草区(24种)多于鱼类放养区(11种),现存水草区以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻为主要优势种,而鱼类放养区则以蓝藻为绝对优势种。浮游植物平均密度现存水草区(25.19×106 cell/L)显著低于鱼类放养区(275.79×106 cell/L)(P 0.05),而平均生物量现存水草区(13.34 mg/L)虽低于鱼类放养区(36.20 mg/L),但差异不显著(P 0.05)。研究显示,现存水草区营养状态为中营养-轻度富营养,鱼类放养区为中度富营养-重度富营养;两区域水质均为中度污染到重度污染状态。【结论】与历史数据相比,现存水草区浮游植物群落表现为浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种转变为蓝藻为主。与现存水草区相比,鱼类放养区浮游植物群落因放养鲢、鳙的摄食导致浮游植物多样性下降、种类小型化、优势种向可食性差、生长快的群体型蓝藻演替。 相似文献
7.
雷州半岛红树林海区的鱼类种类调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对雷州半岛8个红树林分布区设站位进行了生物多样性调查,其中获得鱼类127种,分别隶属于15目58科100属。以鲈形目最多,共27科49属65种,占51.2％。种类出现最多的科为(鱼叚)虎鱼科。采获种类最多的站位为北潭。各站位之间鱼类种类具有一定的差异性。调查获得的鱼类体型偏小,大部分种类具有食用价值,其中16种已为人工增养殖的对象。 相似文献
8.
虾池浮游微藻的种类组成、数量和多样性变动 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
报道了在集约化养虾中应用有益微生物制剂对虾池浮游微藻的影响,分析了整个养虾周期浮游微藻的种类组成、生物量、优势种及多样性指数的周期变化情况。结果表明,早期虾池浮游微藻细胞数量维持在1×103~3×103mL-1的水平,养殖中期开始呈指数增长状态,后期达到顶峰,并维持在70×103~160×103mL-1的水平,生物量比自然海区高。优势种类明显,前期为中肋骨条藻和伏氏海毛藻等硅藻类,后期则为绿球藻和栅列藻等绿藻类,水色及藻相呈良好状态,而不施加芽孢杆菌制剂的对照池则在后期出现较大比例的有害的蓝藻。虾池藻类多样性指数、均匀度指数和种类丰度均呈现前期高后期低的趋势,而优势度指数则相反,呈现前期低后期高的趋势。浮游植物的多样性指数为0.60~3.80,平均为1.88,均匀度指数为0.14~0.83,平均为0.45;种类丰度为0.80~2.46,平均为1.38;优势度指数在0.17~0.85,平均为0.41。多样性指数和均匀度均比粤东海域低,但优势度则甚高。 相似文献
9.
智利外海茎柔鱼生物学特性的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2007年1月和5～6月我国鱿钓船在智利外海的调查数据,对茎柔鱼生物学特性进行初步分析。结果表明:该地区茎柔鱼胴长范围287～702 mm,优势胴长为380～430 mm,占64.2%;体重范围0.63～11.3 kg,优势体重为0.5～2.0 kg,占75.6%;调查海区渔获个体自西向东、自南往北呈现增大趋势;依据胴长组成推断调查海域可能存在3个群体。生长指数大于3,与秘鲁外海茎柔鱼相近;雌雄性比约为3:1,性腺成熟度以Ⅰ期为主,占92%;摄食等级0～2级为主,约占73%;当地时间00:00后摄食量增大,胃含物以鱿鱼和中上层小型鱼类为主。 相似文献
10.
调查东莞内陆自然水域1982-1984和2005-2010年的鱼类资源。结果显示,1982-1984年,有鱼类151种,分隶17目44科,其中洄游性鱼类8种,河口性鱼类47种。纯淡水鱼类中,鲤形目67种,鲇形目14种,组成东莞纯淡水鱼类的主体,约占84.4%;河口鱼类中,鲈形目26种,与鲱、鲻形目组成东莞沿岸、三角洲水网咸淡水鱼类的主体,约占76.7%。鲤形目、鲈形目和鲇形目组成东莞内陆自然水域原生态鱼类的主体,约占鱼类总数的80.1%。2005-2010年的复查结果,仅存鱼类107种,分隶18目40科,其中原土著鱼类96种,隶属15目34科。近30年间,有2目10科56种土著鱼类消失,减少37.1%,生物多样性下降;外来入侵鱼类增多3目6科11种,从原先占有比例的2.6%增至14%。分析主要经济鱼类的生物学特征以及鱼类资源变动原因,探讨鱼类资源的利用、增殖和保护。 相似文献
11.
【目的】研究雷州半岛东部近岸海域大型底栖经济甲壳动物的群落结构及其影响因素,为甲壳类资源评估与合理利用提供参考依据。【方法】于2016年4月至2017年2月按季度在该海域开展4个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查,采集经济甲壳动物样品,并进行分类鉴定,同时采集环境数据。采用聚类分析和冗余分析(RDA),评价该海域不同季节甲壳动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系。【结果】共有甲壳动物98种,隶属2目24科43属;全年优势种有变态蟳(Charybdis variegata)、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)和须赤虾(Metapenaeopsis barbata)等10种;各季节丰富度指数(D)、多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)均以夏季最高,冬、春季次之,秋季最低;各季节均可划分为两个群落(Anosim test:0.579相似文献
12.
On the deep sea demersal fish communities of the East China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cluster analysis of data on the species similarity index offish samples taken at various sampling stations of different depths by the R /V " Dongfang " of the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, during the deep sea demersal fish resources survey in May - November, 1981, showed deep sea demersal fish fauna of the western part of the East China Sea can be grouped into the following communities :1)The outer continental shelf community ,2)The continental slope community, and3)The western Okinawa Trough community .The authors found that not only the species diversity index, but also the species similarity index are important criteria to reflect the structure of biotic community. 相似文献
13.
Seasonal distribution of macrobenthos and its relationship with environmental factors in Yellow Sea and East China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Macrobenthos samples were collected from the Yellow and East China Seas in four seasons during 2011 to 2012. The seasonal distribution of macrobenthos and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. A total of 562 macrobenthic species were identified, with polychaetes and mollusks accounting for 67% of the total number of species. A similarity percentage(SIMPER) analysis showed that the dominant species were bivalve mollusks in the Yellow Sea and small-sized polychaetes in the East China Sea. A two-factor analysis of variance showed significant seasonal variations in species number, density and diversity index, and significant regional differences of biomass and density. Two-factor community similarity analysis also showed significant seasonal and regional differences in macrobenthic communities. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the main environmental factors af fecting the macrobenthic communities were water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and inorganic nitrogen. The results demonstrate significant regional differences and seasonal variations in macrobenthos in the two seas. Sediment properties and water mass characteristics are speculated to be the causes of regional differences. 相似文献
14.
JIAO Haifeng ZHENG Dan YOU Zhongjie XU Nianjun LOU Dan HUANG Chengwei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,(2):375-384
Xiangshan bay is a narrow semi-closed bay and situated on the northwestern coast of the East China Sea. Over past decades, it has become to a major bay with intensive human activities, dense urbanized area, and poor water quality. The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological status through the elucidation of the species composition, abundance, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos in this bay. Six intertidal sections were surveyed from January 2007 to November 2008 quarterly. Sections TG, HD and XH are located in the three inner bays, sections QJ and WS are located near the thermal power plants, and section XX is located at the outer part of Xiangshan Bay. Great variations in macrobenthos community were indentified, and the species composition of the community in the present study showed the dominance in the order of molluscs(bivalves and gastropods), crustaceans and others, and only few Polychaeta were recorded. Only three dominant species, Littorina brevicula, Ilyplax tansuiensis, and Cerithidea cingulata were collected in all the sections, and a total of 19 dominant species were recorded only in one section. Two-way ANOVA analyses of abundance indicated that there were significant differences among sections or seasons. Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’) had its maximum(2.45) in section QJ, and minimum(1.76) in section TG. Multiple irregular k-dominance plots clearly showed that the study area was polluted and the macrobenthos community was under stress. We conclude that the macrobenthos of Xiangshan Bay have been disturbed by human activities, especially at the interior bay. 相似文献
15.
Decreasing fish resources in estuaries is a subject of anthropogenic activities.Studies of the spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae can help identify the status and processes underlying recruitment in a fishery.As the fifth largest river estuary in the world,the Huanghe(Yellow)River estuary(HRE)is a typical estuary that has been seriously affected by human activities.Annual surveys on ichthyoplankton and environmental factors were conducted in the months of May of 2005 and 2009-2016 in the HRE to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae and the associated influencing factors.A total of 23 and 20 species of eggs and larvae,respectively,were collected.The dominant orders were Perciformes(51.2%)and Clupeiformes(25.6%).The average number of fish species eggs and larvae were 6.0 and 4.1 in average abundance of 0.91 and 0.13 ind./m~3,respectively.The dominant species were mainly low-commercial-value small-sized fishes,such as Clupanodon punctatus,Hare,ngula zutnasi,and Acanthogobius,whereas certain traditional commercial fishes,such as Trichiurus lepturus,and Clupea pallasii,were not seen.Analysis of the fish egg and larval community revealed four temporal assemblages and two spatial assemblages.Salinity was the main factor on the spatial distribution of ichthyoplankton communities,the species number and Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H')of the fish egg and larval community near the river mouth with lower salinity were significantly lower than the community far away from the river mouth with higher salinity.In addition,increases of water temperature promoted the number and abundance of fish species eggs,and the areas of abundant prey tended to have a more diversified and abundant of ichthyoplankton species.In overall,overfishing,dam construction,and other human activities were the main drivers that led to the substantial decline in fishery resources in the HRE. 相似文献
16.
This paper highlights the quantitative estimates of plant species diversity and ecosystems of the Rohtang Pass,which is one of the most preferred visiting spots by tourists in Himachal Pradesh （H.P.）,India. In spite of high pressure of anthropogenic activities,the Rohtang Pass still harbours a variety of flowering plants with economic value,including various medicinal herbs. In order to observe species diversity in different landscape elements （LSEs）,ground surveys were conducted in nine unique LSEs within the elevation range between 3624 m and 4332 m. Plant community structure in each LSE was studied using stratified random sampling where a total 56 quadrats of 1 m^2 in size for herbs and 7 quadrats of 25 m^2 for shrubs were made. Of the total 50 plant species belonging to 15 families recorded in different random quadrats,24 species were found of medicinal value. Maximum species richness （18） and value of Shannon diversity （H＇=2.2648） were observed on northeast-facing slope in Picrorhiza kurrooa dominated LSE in moist area,followed by Rheum emodi LSE （species richness = 17 and H＇ = 2.4141） distributed on south-facing slope. Maximum values of species richness and Shannon diversity in Rheum emodi LSE were observed between 8 ～ 12 and 1.4797 ～ 2.1911,respectively. Rhododendron anthopogon dominated LSE on northwest-facing slope was found least diverse in terms of species richness where the Simpson index of dominance （D） was 0.4205. The species were equal in abundance in P. kurrooa LSE on east-facing slope and Pleurospermum candollii LSE on north-facing slope,showing the maximum similarity in terms of species distribution between the two LSEs. Low turnover of species across common LSEs gives an idea regarding their limited distribution. Five species of threatened category according to the IUCN criteria were observed in seven LSEs. The largest population of threatened medicinal plants was recorded on northeast and northwest-facing slopes where population density of Bergenia stracheyi （ 相似文献
17.
Impacts of mariculture practices on the temporal distribution of macrobenthos in Sandu Bay,South China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
周进 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(3):388-396
Sandu Bay is located in the East China Sea and is characterized by high-density fish farming and kelp culture. Despite this, little is known about the impacts of these different mariculture practices on the local environment. We investigated the temporal variation in macrobenthos and environmental conditions at three sites in the bay (fish farming site, kelp culture site, and a control site). We collected water and sediment samples during nine cruises between May 2009 and February 2010. The density of macrobenthos peaked at the fish farming site in July (655 ind./m2) whereas density did not fluctuate as widely at the other two sites. Biomass varied significantly at both the control and kelp culture sites, but had only a single peak at the fish farming site in June (21.90 g/m2). The dominant species varied throughout the study period at the control and kelp culture sites, whereas a single terebellid species (Lysilla pacifica) dominated the macrobenthos at the fish farming site. The diversity index H’ increased at the control site beginning in February then decreased after May, whereas H’ was low at the other sites in December. The mean dissolved oxygen level was highest at the control site (6.59 mg/L) and lowest at the fish farming site (5.54 mg/L). DO levels were lowest at all sites in summer (July and August). The sediment acid volatile sulfide content was higher at the fish farming site (1.46 mg/g dry weight) than those at the kelp culture and control sites (1.22 and 0.14 mg/g, respectively). Our results suggest that mariculture practices have a clear impact on the benthic environment/ community in Sandu Bay. 相似文献
18.
The status of fishery stocks in the coastal waters of China is far from ideal, mainly due to climate change and the impacts
of human activities (e.g., pollution and overfishing). Thus, the restoration and protection of fishery resources have become
critical and complex. The stability and balanced structure of the fish community is a basic foundation for the protection
of fishery resources. Based on data collected from bottom trawls by the R/V Beidou in continental shelf of the East China Sea in November 2006 and February 2007, changes in the composition and diversity of
fish species and functional groups were analyzed. The research area was divided into offshore waters and inshore waters by
the two-way indicator species analysis (TWIA). The results showed that the dominant species were different between offshore
waters and inshore waters and also varied with the survey time. The most abundant family was Sciaenidae and Teraponidae in
November 2006, Sciaenidae, Engraulidae and Triglidae were most abundant in February 2007. The species belonged mainly to mobile
piscivores (G6), benthivores/piscivores (G4), benthivores (G3) and planktivores (G1), and the dominant species in November
2006 were commercial species (e.g. Larimichthys polyactis and Trichiurus japonicus), but small-sized species were dominant in February 2007 (e.g., Harpadon nehereus, Benthosema pterotum, Champsodon capensis, and Acropoma japonicum). The species diversity showed a similar trend as the functional group diversity. Stations with higher diversity were mainly
distributed in inshore waters in February 2007, whereas higher diversity was found in offshore waters in November 2006. The
highest biomass and species number were found in G6 group, followed by the G4, G5 and G1 groups. The distribution of the number
of individuals of each functional group showed the opposite trend as that of the biomass distribution. In addition, the size
spectra were mainly concentrated around 3–29 cm, and the individual number of fish species gradually decreased with the increase
in body size, but the relative biomass showed a moderate fluctuation in each size class. These changes showed that species
with faster growth rate and earlier maturity age became dominant in continental shelf of the East China Sea. So the variations
in biological characteristics of fish should be fully considered in maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resource. 相似文献