共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
以煤油为溶剂,TBP为萃取剂,研究了CTAB对于Cr（Ⅵ）萃取率的影响.结果表明,CTAB能够有效改善Cr（Ⅵ）迁移效果,且在一定条件下,可使Cr（Ⅵ）萃取率提高到98%,应用于实际电镀废液,回收率在90%以上. 相似文献
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Toxic hexavalent chromium reduction by Bacillus pumilis,Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and Exiguobacterium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three bacterial strains B acillus pumilis,Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and Exiguobacterium were investigated when grown in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium at 500 μg/m L Cr(VI). The hexavalent chromium reduction was measured by growing the strains in De Leo and Ehrlich(1994) medium at 200 and 400 μg/m L K 2 Cr O 4. The optimal Cr(VI) reduction by strains B. pumilis,Exigubacterium and C. cellulans was 51%,39%,and 41%,respectively,at an initial K2 Cr O 4 concentration of 200 μg/m L at p H 3 and temperature 37°C. At an initial chromate concentration of 400 μg/m L,the Cr(VI) reduction by strains B. pumilis,Exigubacterium and C. cellulans was 24%,19%,and 18%,respectively at p H 3 at 37°C after 24 h. These strains have ability to reduce toxic hexavalent chromium to the less mobile trivalent chromium at a wide range of different environmental conditions and can be useful for the treatment of contaminated wastewater and soils. 相似文献
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Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems today.Biosorption is an innovative tech-nology that employs biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from waste water through metabolic process or physicochemi-cal pathways of uptake.Even though several physical and chemical methods are available for removal of heavy metals,currently many biological materials such as bacteria,algae,yeasts and fungi have been widely used due to their good performance,low cost and large quantity of availability.The aim of the present study is to explore the biosorption of toxic heavy metals,Cr(VI),Cr(III),Pb(II) and Cd(II) by algal biomass obtained from algae Sargassum wightii(brown) and Caulerpa racemosa(green).Biosorption of algal biomass was found to be biomass concentration-and pH-dependent,while the maximal biosorption was found at pH 5.0 and with the metal concentration of 100 mg L-1.S.wightii showed the maximal metal biosorption at the biomass concentration of 25 g L-1,followed by C.racemosa with the maximal biosorption at 30 g L-1.S.wightii showed 78% biosorption of Cr(VI),Cr(III),Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions.C.racemosa exhibited 85% biosorption of Cd(II) and Cr(VI),and 50% biosorption of Cr(III) and Pb(II).The results of our study suggest that seaweed biomass can be used efficiently for 相似文献
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《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(5)
【目的】建立超声辅助萃取高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)同步检测对虾各组织及血液中黄曲霉毒素(AflatoxinB1,AFB1)、T-2毒素(T-2)、赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)。【方法】取对虾肌肉、头胸部、虾壳、肝胰腺、肠道和血液样品,采用乙腈/水(体积比85∶15)为提取溶剂,20℃超声辅助萃取60 min,正己烷脱脂,以MycoSpinTM 400柱净化,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测,用Hypersil Gold-C18色谱柱分离;以流动相甲醇和5 mmol/L的乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.25 mL/min;采用正负离子扫描模式,外标法定量。【结果】4种真菌毒素在各自线性范围内线性良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,定量限为0.3～3.0μg/kg,回收率为75.0%～105.4%,相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation, RSD)为2.1%～14.5%,通过超声辅助萃取条件优化,显著提高了对虾组织中真菌毒素的提取率。【结论】LC-MS/MS方法前处理简单、检测速度快、净化效果好、结果准确、可靠,适合对虾各组织中多种真菌毒素的快速检测。真菌毒素在对虾不同组织中的蓄积特征,AFB1、T-2、OTA和DON均主要蓄积于对虾肠道与血液中,蓄积率分别达到43%～52%和31%～45%,头部、肌肉、肝胰腺和外壳蓄积率均低于10%,并非真菌毒素残留的靶向组织。 相似文献
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以小杂鱼或低值鱼为原料 ,采用常温溶剂萃取法进行脱脂 ,研究了不同溶剂、溶剂混合比、流速和萃取时间对鱼类脱脂的影响。结果表明 ,在常温下用等体积的异丙醇和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂 ,以流速 4～ 8mL/min连续萃取 4～ 6h ,脱脂鱼肉的脂肪平均含量w为 0 .19%,脱脂率高达96 .2 6 %。该方法的溶剂损耗量为加热溶剂萃取法的 1/3倍。 相似文献
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富集在河流沉积物中的重金属是长期影响河流地表水和周边农田土壤环境生态的潜在威胁。采集鲁西五龙河小流域表层沉积物样品,分析As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种重金属的含量,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属元素污染现状和潜在生态风险,运用正定矩阵因子矩阵法对沉积物重金属来源进行解析。结果表明,沉积物重金属中Cr、Cu、Hg和Ni的平均含量明显高于相关背景值,显示一定的富集特征。重金属污染程度排序为Ni>Hg>Cu>Cr>Cd>Zn>As>Pb,其中Cu、Hg和Ni为偏中度污染,Cd和Cr为偏轻度污染,As、Zn和Pb为无污染。沉积物重金属潜在生态风险低、中、较高等级风险占比分别为40.8%、48.1%和11.1%,Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态风险元素,分别表现为较高潜在生态风险和中等潜在生态风险,风险点主要分布在五龙河汇合口和富水河中。研究区重金属污染来源主要有自然源(Cr和Ni)、混合源(As、Cd、Hg和Pb)和果园农药(Cu和Zn),三者贡献率分别为30%、31%和39%。 相似文献
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针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8min,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～ 50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定. 相似文献
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针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8rain,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定. 相似文献
11.
This study investigated the removal of heavy metal ions from cigarette mainstream smoke using chitosan. Chitosan of various deacetylation degrees and molecular weights were manually added to cigarette filters in different dosages. The mainstream smoke particulate matter was collected by a Cambridge filter pad, digested by a microwave digestor, and then analyzed for contents of heavy metal ions, including As(III/V), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II), by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The results showed that chitosan had a removal effect on Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II). Of these, the percent removal of Ni(II) was elevated with an increasing dosage of chitosan. Chitosan of a high deace tylation degree exhibited good binding performance toward Cd(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II), though with poor efficiency for Pb(II). Except As(III/V), all the tested metal ions showed similar tendencies in the growing contents with an increasing chitosan molecular weight. Nonetheless, the percent removal of Cr(III/VI) peaked with a chitosan molecular weight of 200 kDa, followed by a dramatic decrease with an increasing chitosan molecular weight. Generally, chitosan had different removal effects on four out of five tested metal ions, and the percent removal of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II) was approximately 55%, 45%, 50%, and 16%, respectively. In a word, chitosan used in cigarette filter can remove toxic heavy metal ions in the mainstream smoke, improve cigarette safety, and reduce the harm to smokers. 相似文献
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以企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)闭壳肌为样品,利用高盐+十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)除去蛋白和多糖,用低盐+十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)进一步纯化DNA,建立一种贝类基因组DNA简便、安全、经济的提取方法。改进后的SDS-CTAB法提取的DNA纯度较高,无蛋白质和RNA污染;酶切和AFLP实验验证表明,所提取DNA可满足酶切分析和分子标记等实验的要求。 相似文献
13.
该文以氯化钙溶液进行提取,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和原子荧光光谱法,测定农用地土壤中Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni等7种重金属可提取态,检出限在0.003~0.06 mg/kg之间。该方法用于4个可提取态质控样品的测定,测定值与推荐值基本相符,测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)在3.3%~9.1%之间。基于800余件农用地土壤样品的测定数据,对7种重金属可提取态与土壤pH值及重金属总量之间的关系进行了初步考察。结果表明,7个重金属可提取态和总量关系无明显相关性,仅在土壤酸性条件下可提取态Cd与总量Cd呈正相关性。7种重金属提取率大小顺序为Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu,As>Pb>Cr,其中Cd,Zn,Ni,Cu,Pb的提取率随土壤pH值的增大而迅速下降,而As,Cr在土壤碱性条件下的提取率略高于中酸性条件下的提取率。 相似文献
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以β分子筛为前驱体,水玻璃和硫酸铝为外加硅铝源,采用二元混合表面活性剂为结构导向剂,水热晶化合成MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附—脱附和Py-IR等对复合分子筛进行表征,以十氢萘为模型化合物考察复合样品的催化裂解反应性能.结果表明:MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛中存在MCM-41分子筛六方介孔结构和β分子筛微孔结构,对十氢萘具有较强的催化反应活性,催化裂解转化率为93.16%. 相似文献
15.
以蓝圆鲹为原料,酶解蓝圆鲹鱼肉蛋白制备小分子肽。运用响应面试验设计优化蓝圆鲹蛋白酶解的工艺条件,探讨了酶种类和添加量、液固比、酶解温度、酶解时间对多肽提取率的影响。结果表明:选用木瓜蛋白酶,添加量为0.10%,液固比2∶1,酶解温度54.4℃,酶解时间3.18 h下,多肽提取率为32.35%。 相似文献
16.
Comparison between BCR sequential extraction and geo-accumulation method to evaluate metal mobility in sediments of Dongting Lake, Central China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
姚志刚 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(1):14-22
The form in which a metal exists strongly influences its mobility and thus, the effects on the environment. Operational methods of speciation analysis, such as the use of sequential extraction procedures, are commonly applied. The Dongting Lake, the second largest fresh-water lake in China, contains three China wetlands of international importance, the East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake, and West Dongting Lake. In this work, an optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to assess the environmental risk of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in contaminated sediment of the Dongting Lake. The procedure was evaluated by using a certified reference material, BCR701. The results of the partitioning study indicated that in the lake sediments, more easily mobilized forms （acid exchangeable） were predominant for Cd, particularly in the samples from the East Dongting Lake. In contrast, the largest amount of Pb was associated with the iron and manganese oxide fractions and Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni analyzed were mainly distributed in residual phase at an average percentage greater than 60% of the total metals. The potential risk to the lake＇s water contamination was highest in the East Dongting Lake based on the calculated contamination factors. On the other hand, the total metal content was determined as well by inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） and assessed by using geo-accumulation index. The assessment results using geo-accumulation index were compared with the information on metal speciation. Both were correspondent with each other. 相似文献
17.
流域水系是研究水文水资源、地貌演化和生态环境及水土治理等的基础数据,高精度的水系提取对流域研究十分重要。本文以空间分辨率均为30 m的 AW3D30 DSM、SRTM1 DEM和ASTER GDEM2数字高程模型作为基本的地形数据,基于SWAT模型提取犟河流域水系,通过河网“套合差”、水系相对误差、Google Map水文数据及蓝线河网对提取结果进行误差分析与综合评价,探讨河道剖面和地形特征对水系提取精度的影响。结果表明：① 集水面积阈值是决定河网水系提取精度的关键参数,阈值越大,提取的河网密度越小,反之提取的河网密度越大;② 基于河网密度与集水阈值二阶导数的幂函数与直线相切的数学求值方法确定流域最佳集水面积阈值,能避免最佳集水阈值取值的主观性,提取的河网水系与实际河道相符;③ AW3D30 DSM数据提取的流域河网水系与Google Map高分辨率影像的水系偏差最小,且AW3D30 DSM数据提取的水系与蓝线河网的河网“套合差”和水系相对误差值均最低,能真实反映中低山丘陵山区流域水系发育的疏密程度,吻合度最好;④ 多源DEM数据提取结果均显示为河床比降大和横剖面曲线为窄深式的“V”形河谷提取的水系精度高于河床比降小和横剖面曲线为 “碟”形河谷的提取精度;⑤ AW3D30 DSM数据的地形起伏和坡度标准差最大,有利于山区河网水系的提取。因此,基于SWAT模型和AW3D30 DSM数据提取的山区流域水系可最大限度反映流域水系的真实情况,精度最高,此方法和数据源可应用于中低山丘陵山区流域的水系提取研究。 相似文献
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在复杂地表环境下的多云多雨地区,基于合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像提取水体时容易受到其它地物如水田、山体阴影等干扰,传统的灰度阈值法和SVM法未能考虑水体与其它地物在纹理和地形上的差异,因此水体提取结果精度较差。研究首先用Refined Lee滤波对SAR图像进行预处理;其后通过DEM建模和坡度计算提取地形特征,通过计算图像灰度共生矩阵以提取纹理特征（包括均匀性、角二阶矩和熵）,并结合SAR图像极化信息以及SDWI指数形成针对水体提取的特征空间,通过融合地形特征和图像纹理特征发展了改进SVM 分类法的水体提取模型。在使用Sentinel-1 SAR数据对所发展模型与SDWI水体指数法、传统SVM法水体提取结果进行比对后发现,改进SVM分类法提取的水体结果较好地剔除了水田和山体阴影,且提取的水体水面比传统的SVM法更加完整;该方法在总体精度、Kappa系数、漏分率和错分率指标上均优于SDWI法和传统的SVM法,总体精度达到98.06%,比SDWI法和传统的SVM法分别提高了23.24%和5.49%,有效提高了复杂环境下地表水体的提取精度。研究最后将所发展模型应用于2018年马哈韦利河流域逐月水体提取与变化分析,有效解决了山体阴影和水田误分问题。本文提出的改进SVM法可以实现复杂地表环境下大范围水体信息准确、完整提取。 相似文献