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1.
A fully nonlinear,three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents(M2,S2,K1,and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait(LS).The model results show that,during spring(neap) tides,about 64(47) GW(1 GW=109 W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS,of which 59.0%(50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides.About 22(11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS,among which 50.9%(54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea(SCS) and 45.0%(39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean,and the remaining 16(13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection.It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide,indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS.The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides.In addition,the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability.Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter. 相似文献
2.
TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 are used to calculate the global barotropic M2 tidal currents using long-term tidal harmonic analysis. The tides calculated agree well with ADCP data obtained from the South China Sea (SCS). The maximum tide velocities along the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis can be computed from the tidal ellipse. The global distribution of M2 internal tide vertical energy flux from the sea bottom is calculated based on a linear internal wave generation model. The global vertical energy flux of M2 internal tide is 0.96 TW, with 0.36 TW in the Pacific, 0.31 TW in the Atlantic and 0.29 TW in the Indian Ocean, obtained in this study. The total horizontal energy flux of M2 internal tide radiating into the open ocean from the lateral boundaries is 0.13 TW, with 0.06 TW in the Pacific, 0.04TW in the Atlantic, and 0.03 TW in the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide M2 provides enough energy to maintain the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean. 相似文献
3.
TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 are used to calculate the global barotropic M
2 tidal currents using long-term tidal harmonic analysis. The tides calculated agree well with ADCP data obtained from the
South China Sea (SCS). The maximum tide velocities along the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis can be computed from the
tidal ellipse. The global distribution of M
2 internal tide vertical energy flux from the sea bottom is calculated based on a linear internal wave generation model. The
global vertical energy flux of M
2
internal tide is 0.96 TW, with 0.36 TW in the Pacific, 0.31 TW in the Atlantic and 0.29 TW in the Indian Ocean, obtained
in this study. The total horizontal energy flux of M
2 internal tide radiating into the open ocean from the lateral boundaries is 0.13 TW, with 0.06 TW in the Pacific, 0.04TW in
the Atlantic, and 0.03 TW in the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide M
2 provides enough energy to maintain the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean.
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2005CB422303), the International Cooperation Program
(No. 2004DFB02700), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40552002). The TOPEX/POSEIDON data are provided
by Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO DACC) 相似文献
4.
Pathways of mesoscale variability in the South China Sea 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The propagation of oceanic mesoscale signals in the South China Sea (SCS) is mapped from satellite altimetric observations
and an eddy-resolving global ocean model by using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) method. Significant mesoscale signals
propagate along two major bands of high variability. The northern band is located west of the Luzon Strait, characterized
by southwestward eddy propagation. Although eddies are the most active in winter, their southwestward migrations, steered
by bathymetry, occur throughout the year. Advection by the mean flow plays a secondary role in modulating the propagating
speed. The southern eddy band lies in the southwest part of the SCS deep basin and is oriented in an approximately meridional
direction. Mesoscale variability propagates southward along the band in autumn. This southward eddy pathway could not be explained
by mean flow advection and is likely related to eddy detachments from the western boundary current due to nonlinear effects.
Our mapping of eddy propagation velocities provides important information for further understanding eddy dynamics in the SCS. 相似文献
5.
A continuously stratified nonlinear model is set up to study the impact of topographical character on the generation of internal solitary waves over a sill by tidal flow. One of the reasons why almost all of the generated internal solitary waves propagate westward in the northern South China Sea is explained. The model simulations describe the generation and propagation of internal waves well. When the strength of imposed barotropic tides and the water stratification stay unchanged, the steepness of the sill slope can control both (a) whether or not the waves induced over a sill by tidal flow are linear internal waves or nonlinear internal solitary waves, and (b) the amplitude of the internal solitary waves generated. If the steepness of the sill is asymmetric, the nonlinear internal solitary waves may be induced on the steeper side of the sill. These conclusions are supported by a numerical experiment with a monthly-mean stratification and an actual seafloor topography from the Luzon Strait. 相似文献
6.
The sensitivity of the global atmospheric and oceanic response to sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) throughout the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated using the Fast Ocean-Atmosphere Model (FOAM). Forced by a warming SST, the experiment explicitly demonstrates that the responses of surface air temperature (SAT) and SST exhibit positive anomalous center over SCS and negative anomalous center over the Northern Pacific Ocean (NPO). The atmospheric response to the warm SST anomalies is characterized by a barotropical anomaly in middle-latitude, leading to a weak subtropical high in summer and a weak Aleutian low in winter. Accordingly, Indian monsoon and eastern Asian monsoon strengthen in summer but weaken in winter as a result of wind convergence owing to the warm SST. It is worth noting that the abnormal signals propagate poleward and eastward away in the form of Rossby Waves from the forcing region, which induces high pressure anomaly. Owing to action of the wind-driven circulation, an anomalous anti-cyclonic circulation is induced with a primary southward current in the upper ocean. An obvious cooling appears over the North Pacific, which can be explained by anomalous meridional cold advection and mixing as shown in the analysises of heat budget and other factors that affect SST. 相似文献
7.
We used a set of 75-day long ADCP data from the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) to investigate nonlinear interactions among
freely propagating internal tidal waves. The kinetic energy spectra displayed significant peaks at some higher tidal frequencies,
such as O1M2 (O1+M2), and M4 (M2+M2), where O1 is the lunar diurnal internal tide, M2 is the lunar semidiurnal internal tide, and M4 is the first higher harmonic frequency of M2. These higher tidal harmonic frequency peaks, as well as the fundamental tidal harmonic peaks, show a σ
−2.3 spectral falloff rate with frequency. In addition, we explored the possible generation mechanism of higher tidal harmonics.
Analysis on the rotary and bicoherence spectra suggests that strong forced non-resonant interaction induced by nonlinear advections
was the dominant physical mechanism that induced these higher tidal harmonics. Moreover, the energetic, freely propagating
semidiurnal (M2) internal tidal wave played the most crucial role in these interactions. These results indicate that strong nonlinear forced
non-resonant interactions among internal tides can be one of the processes responsible for the redistribution of energy in
the internal wave spectrum. 相似文献
8.
1 Introduction TheMadden JulianOscillation (MJO)isastrongatmosphericconvection phenomenonoccurringovertheEasternIndianOceanandtheTropicalWesternPacific,usuallyinregionswithseasurfacetempera tures (SSTs)over 2 9℃ .Theeastwardmovingofalarge scalecirculat… 相似文献
9.
To discuss the intrusion of the Kuroshio into the SCS, we examined the mixing between the North Pacific and South China Sea (SCS) waters based on in-situ CTD data collected in August and September 2008 and the moored ADCP data taken from mid September 2008 to early July 2009. The CTD survey included four meridional sections from 119°E to 122°E around the Luzon Strait, during which pressure, temperature, and salinity were measured. The CTD data show that the isopycnal surface tilted from the SCS to the North Pacific; and it was steeper in the lower layers than in the upper ones. Meanwhile, we found strong vertical mixing taken place in the areas near 121°E. The Kuroshio in high temperature and salinity intruded westward through Luzon Strait. The frequency of buoyancy was one order of magnitude greater than that of the common ones in the ocean, suggesting stronger stratification in the northeastern SCS. On the other hand, the long-term ADCP data show that before late October 2008, the direction of water flow in the SCS was eastward, and from November 2008 to late February 2009, it turned northwestward in the layers shallower than 150 m, while remained unchanged in deep layers from 200 to 450 m. From March to June 2009, the direction shifted with increasing depth from northward to southward, akin to the Ekman spiral. EOF analysis of the current time series revealed dominant empirical modes: the first mode corresponded to the mean current and showed that the Kuroshio intrusion occurred in the upper layers only from late December to early March. The temporal coefficient of the first and the second mode indicated clearly a dominant signal in a quasi-seasonal cycle. 相似文献
10.
A two-dimensional spectral-difference mode (with vorticity and density equations) of internal tides isdeveloped for studying the genration and propagration of internal tides generated at the continentalshelf/slope. In general, internal tides propagate seaward in deep sea regions and shoreward on the shelf,and are dissipated rapidly. When the Vaisala frequency decreases vertically, waves may be mostly limited to thecontinental slope region. in deep sea region, motions may have either boam-like structure or modal structure,depending on the stratification strerigth and structure, whereas a modal structure may always exist onthe shelf. Waves show strong bottom intensification on the slope when strong stratification exists on thebottom. The barotropic tidal advection may affed the temporal character of internal tides at thecontinental slope, shelf break and shelf regions. but may have little influence on the energy density and energy flux of internal tides. ln the case of strong stratification, waverforms of 相似文献
11.
LI Qiang MAO Xianzhong DENG Guotong ZHAO Ruixiang ZHANG Chuanzheng ZHU Xiaohua 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(4)
Internal tides generated by a rough sea floor are an important source of mixing in the abyssal ocean. Two linear models are employed to evaluate the conversion rate from barotropic tides to internal tides and the energy distribution in each mode. Considering the periodicity of internal tides, the topography is represented by periodically distributed knife edges and sinusoidal ridges within one wavelength of mode-1 internal tides. The knife edges generate greater internal tides than the sinusoidal ridges due to their sharp shape, which approximates an extremely supercritical condition. Energy flux concentrates in modes whose numbers are multiples of the knife edge or ridge number. Then, a fully nonlinear model that integrates viscosity and diffusion is implemented, and its results are compared with those of the linear model. Internal wave rays generated in the nonlinear model show a distribution similar to the linear models' prediction. High dissipation rates coincide with the rays, suggesting that nonlinear wave-wave interaction is a dominant mechanism for internal tide dissipation in the abyssal ocean. 相似文献
12.
A modelling study of inter-annual variation of Kuroshio intrusion on the shelf of East China Sea 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Inter-annual variability of the Kuroshio water intrusion on the shelf of East China Sea (ECS) was simulated with a nested global and Northwest Pacific ocean circulation model. The model analysis reveals the influence of the variability of Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan on the intrusion to the northeast of Taiwan: high correlation (r = 0.92) with the on-shore volume flux in the lower layer (50–200 m); low correlation (r = 0.50) with the on-shore flux in the upper layer (0–50 m). Spatial distribution of correlations between volume fluxes and sea surface height suggests that inter-annual variability of the Kuroshio flux east of Taiwan and its subsurface water intruding to the shelf lag behind the sea surface height anomalies in the central Pacific at 162°E by about 14 months, and could be related to wind-forced variation in the interior North Pacific that propagates westward as Rossby waves. The intrusion of Kuroshio surface water is also influenced by local winds. The intruding Kuroshio subsurface water causes variations of temperature and salinity of bottom waters on the southern ECS shelf. The influence of the intruding Kuroshio subsurface water extends widely from the shelf slope northeast of Taiwan northward to the central ECS near the 60 m isobath, and northeastward to the region near the 90 m isobath. 相似文献
13.
The Luzon Strait is the only deep channel that connects the South China Sea(SCS) with the Pacific.The transport through the Luzon Strait is an important process influencing the circulation,heat and water budgets of the SCS.Early observations have suggested that water enters the SCS in winter but water inflow or outflow in summer is quite controversial.On the basis of hydrographic measurements from CTD along 120° E in the Luzon Strait during the period from September 18 to 20 in 2006,the characteristics of t... 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(5)
Physical oceanography plays an important role in the formation of submarine sediments,and the distribution of nutriments and biocenoses in seamounts.The M4 seamount is located in the Caroline Island Ridge of the Western Pacific Ocean.The physical properties around M4 seamount are preliminarily analyzed based on the in-situ data obtained in summer 2017 in Caroline M4 seamount and open-sourced data.We found that the water in the upper 200 m is controlled by the westward North Equatorial Current(NEC),while the water between 300-1 000 m is dominated by the eastward North Equatorial Undercurrent(NEUC).The current direction fluctuates significantly below 300 m at upstream stations.At the same depth of the lee sides,the current direction changes with the distance from seamount.These are likely caused by the obstacle of M4 seamount.The calculation results show that there is an anticyclonic cap above M4 seamount caused by tidal rectification.Tidal currents in M4 seamount are squeezed by the topography and amplified,and the amplified tidal currents play a dominant role in M4 seamount.First,the circulation system generated by the interaction of the amplified tidal current and M4 seamount drives the upward/downward movement of the isotherms.Secondly,the thickness of the surface turbulent layer is changed with the tidal phase.Thirdly,high turbulent diffusivities are found in the bottom of M4 seamount,and these are most likely attributed to the turbulent mixing induced by the mutual effect between semidiurnal tidal currents and steep bathymetry.This article of physical oceanography provides scientific basis for further analysis of the distribution of biological community and deposition mechanism in M4 seamount. 相似文献
15.
为了合理有效地分析和挖掘海洋涡旋移动数据中的规律和模式,本文以基于空间交互性流聚类的区域化方法为基础,提出了一种海洋涡旋移动特征的网格区域化方法。该方法以网格为统计单元,对涡旋移动数据进行组织,通过图论模型构建海洋涡旋的移动网络图,然后采用基于平均邻接的层次聚类和基于模块度的划分2个步骤,实现涡旋移动特征的区域划分。基于该算法,对1992-2011年中国南海海洋涡旋移动数据进行算法实验,结果表明,南海海洋涡旋按照其移动频繁性特征可分为越南东南部（R1）、越南东部-巴拉望岛（R2）、南海北部（R3）3个区域。其中,R1区域包含了南海西南部深海盆地区的涡旋活跃条带;R2区域体现了南海中部涡旋向西移动的活动规律;R3区域则包含了南海北部东北-西南走向条带。3个区域内冷涡和暖涡具有明显的季节性变化特征：R1和R3区域冷暖涡变化相似,暖涡在夏秋季移动最多,冬季最少,而冷涡则相反,夏秋季移动最少,随后逐渐增加,并在春季达到峰值;R2区域暖涡在春季移动最多,而冷涡在夏冬移动最多,春秋移动相对较弱。 相似文献
16.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｃｅａｎｔｉｄｅｓｐｌａｙａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅＥａｒｔｈａｎｄｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍａｎｙｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｃｅａｎｃｉｅｎｔｔｉｍｅｓ.Ｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｌａｔｅ 1 970ｓ,ｔｉｄｅｓｗｅｒｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｍａｉｎｌｙｂｙｃｏａｓｔａｌｇａｕｇｅｓ .Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｃａｎｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｆａｉｒｌｙａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｕ… 相似文献
17.
中国台湾地区海洋负荷潮汐对重力、位移、倾斜和应变固体潮观测的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用最新的由卫星测高数据解算获得的Csr4.0全球海潮模型，中国近海海潮资料和标准地球模型负荷格林函数，采用积分格林函数方法研究了台湾地区10个台站的重力，位移，倾斜和应变固体潮观测中的海潮负荷效应。给出了4个主要潮波（O1，K1，M2，S2）的负荷振幅和相位，研究了负荷应变花分布特征，构制了台北站的负荷时变特征，数值结果说明，台湾地区各台站受海潮影响十分明显，因此在实施重力，位移，倾斜和应变固体潮观测中心必须考虑海潮负荷效应。 相似文献
18.
Variation in intermediate water salinity in the South China Sea (SCS) between the 1960s and 1980s was studied using historical hydrographic data. The results demonstrate that the water was significantly fresher in the 1980s than in the 1960s, indicating that vertical mixing at intermediate water depth was reduced in the 1980s. This was partially because of the change of the SCS meridional overturning circulation (MOC) connecting local intermediate water with deep water. Data assimilation showed a 0.5Sv (1 Sv=10 6m 3/s) reduction in the strength of the MOC, which is about one third of the mean SCS MOC. Because the SCS MOC is linked to the Pacific Ocean, such an interdecadal variation in the intermediate water SCS may reflect anthropogenic climate change in the world ocean. 相似文献
19.
对两颗太阳同步轨道测高卫星ERS-2和Envisat 1995～2010年169个重复周期（共近15 a）的数据进行沿轨正交响应分析，得到中国海及西太平洋地区的海洋潮汐调和常数，并利用交叉点位置上升轨迹与下降轨迹提取的潮汐信息和验潮站数据分析了结果的准确度。结果表明，除S2、K1分潮外，基于ERS-2和Envisat测高卫星能够提取出可靠和分布合理的潮汐调和常数，结合交叉轨迹与邻近地面轨迹将有效改善采样规律和观测样本数量，进一步提高潮汐参数的准确度。 相似文献
20.
Lunyu Wu Changsheng Chen Peifang Guo Maochong Shi Jianhua Qi Jianzhong Ge 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(1):1-8
An effort was made to couple FVCOM (a three-dimensional (3D),unstructured grid,Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model) and FVCOM-SWAVE (an unstructured grid,finite-volume surface wave model) for the study of nearshore ocean processes such as tides,circulation,storm surge,waves,sediment transport,and morphological evolution.The coupling between FVCOM and FVCOM-SWAVE was achieved through incorporating 3D radiation stress,wave-current-sediment-related bottom boundary layer,sea surface stress parameterizations,and morphology process.FVCOM also includes a 3D sediment transport module.With accurate fitting of irregular coastlines,the model provides a unique tool to study sediment dynamics in coastal ocean,estuaries,and wetlands where local geometries are characterized by inlets,islands,and intertidal marsh zones.The model was validated by two standard benchmark tests: 1) spectral waves approaching a mild sloping beach and 2) morphological changes of seabed in an idealized tidal inlet.In Test 1,model results were compared with both analytical solutions and laboratory experiments.A further comparison was also made with the structured grid Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS),which provides an insight into the performance of the two models with the same open boundary forcing. 相似文献