共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 84 毫秒
1.
皱肋文蛤(Meretrix lyrata)养殖群体存在壳色变异,为了解湛江市沿海地区皱肋文蛤多态性及其与数量性状的相关性,对其不同养殖群体壳色和生长相关性进行研究。结果表明,在10个不同的皱肋文蛤养殖群体共10 247个个体中,存在白色和红褐色2种壳色表型,白壳色、红褐壳色比率各占(91.15±1.83)%、(8.85±1.83)%;红褐壳色和白壳色个体之间在壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量、壳质量和软体部质量等几个数量性状上均无显著性差异(P0.05),但红褐壳色群体壳长、壳高及体质量变异系数要显著大于白壳色群体(P0.05),红褐壳色遗传多样性更高;大部分红壳色群体峰度值及偏度值大于白壳色,其大个体性状值离均值大于白壳色,与群体之间的分化更明显,对这些群体的红壳色大个体进行选育比白壳色将更有效;构建选育基础群体时,对变异系数大、峰度值高、偏度值大的群体应予以更多关注。 相似文献
2.
马氏珠母贝选系F_2早期选择反应和现实遗传力估计 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对马氏珠母贝基础群体进行持续选择建立选系F2,比较了选系F2与对照群体早期生长差别,并估计了选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明,在第8、14、21和35天,选系F2的平均壳长显著大于对照群体(P<0.05)。在第8、14、21和35天,选择反应和现实遗传力变化范围分别为0.63～0.89和0.36～0.51。本研究表明利用群体选择可以明显改良马氏珠母贝养殖群体的生长性状。 相似文献
3.
《广东海洋大学学报》2016,(6)
采用中心复合设计法和响应曲面分析法,研究温度(16~32℃)和盐度(22~38)2个因素对大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)稚贝存活和生长的互作效应。结果表明,温度的一次效应、温度和盐度的二次效应以及温盐的互作效应对存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长的影响极显著(P0.01),盐度的一次效应对存活率的影响显著(P0.05),但盐度的一次效应和温盐的互作效应对壳长日增长和壳高日增长的影响不显著(P0.05);存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长模型的决定系数分别为0.969 2、0.984 2、0.979 5,校正决定系数分别为0.938 5、0.968 4、0.959 0,3个模型均具有较好拟合度,可用于大珠母贝存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长预测。经模型优化,在存活最佳温盐组合25.01℃、盐度30.34条件下,存活率为95%;形态性状生长最佳温盐组合25.54℃、盐度31.70条件下,壳长和壳高日增长分别为2.01、1.79 mm/d。 相似文献
4.
温度对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了温度22、25、28、31和34℃下奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)仔稚鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力。结果表明:1)不同温度对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长有显著影响(P<0.05),温度为31℃时,仔稚鱼生长速度和绝对增重率最高,分别为0.08cm/d和0.035g/d;温度为22℃时最低,仅0.06cm/d和0.020g/d。2)饲料系数在28℃时最低,仅1.90;22和34℃时较高,达2.14和2.17,各组差异显著(P<0.05)。3)在仔稚鱼发育和存活率上,当温度在22～34℃时,温度越高,仔稚鱼发育越好;各组仔稚鱼的存活率介于93.7%～94.7%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)在消化酶活力上,胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力随温度升高而升高,均在34℃时活力最高;脂肪酶活力在31℃时达到最高,22℃时活力最低。 相似文献
5.
马氏珠母贝经济性状对体重决定效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用通径分析方法研究了不同养殖区马氏珠母贝各分性状对体重的决定效应。结果表明:流沙养殖群体分性状壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长、软体部重和闭壳肌重与体重间呈正相关(P<0.01),对体重的直接决定效应分别为0.091、0.072、0.029、0.002、0.089和0.001,间接决定效应分别为0.319、0.284、0.183、0.03、0.304和0.004,总决定效应分别为0.41、0.356、0.212、0.032、0.393和0.005;6个经济性状与体重间的关系在抽样断面上可用线性回归模型拟合,复相关系数达0.939(P<0.01)。6个性状3类决定效应按大小排列均为壳长>软体部重>壳宽>壳高>铰合线长>闭壳肌重。迈陈养殖群体作为验证群体,各效应值与前者有差异,但3类决定效应大小排序与前者完全相同。基于决定效应大小及性状易测性,育种目标性状的选择策略为首选壳长,二选壳高,三选壳宽。研究还发现壳宽对软体部重具有最大的决定效应,提出加大壳宽选择强度以培育大型珍珠新观点。 相似文献
6.
湛江北部湾马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系生长模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为检验不同模型对马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的生长发育拟合效果,分别采用von Bertalanffy、Gompertz、Logistic和Brody 4种非线性生长模型对红壳色选育系壳长、壳宽、壳高等形态性状和重量性状的生长发育进行拟合,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出模型中各生长参数,结合各参数的最优值,得出拟合效果最佳的生长模型。结果表明,在马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的第一年半生长过程中,Brody模型为壳长、壳宽与壳高的最优生长模型,von Bertalanffy模型为体重的最优生长模型,分别有效地拟合了马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系早期生长发育的累积生长曲线。 相似文献
7.
翡翠贻贝形态性状对软体部质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随机选择200个湛江南三岛翡翠贻贝野生个体,测量壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、壳高(SH)、韧带长(LL)和软体重(EW)等5个性状,计算性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算以壳性状和韧带长为自变量对软体重作依变量的通径系数、决定系数。结果表明:壳长、壳宽、壳高、韧带长与软体部质量相关极显著(P<0.01)。壳长对软体部质量的直接影响最大,壳高对软体部质量的直接影响次之;与壳长和壳高相比,壳宽、韧带长对软体部质量的直接影响较小。采用逐步回归分析方法建立了以壳长和壳高为自变量估计软体部质量的多元回归方程:YEW=-39.287+0.466XSL+0.994XSH,为翡翠贻贝选种提供了理论依据和测度指标。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(6)
【目的】了解尖紫蛤(Soletellina acuta)壳形态性状对体质量的影响。【方法】随机测量120个20月龄人工养殖的尖紫蛤,以壳形态性状壳长X1、壳高X2、壳宽X3为自变量,体质量性状活体质量mL和软体质量mM为因变量建立壳形态性状对体质量影响的最优回归方程。【结果】壳形态性状与活体、软体质量的相关系数都达到了极显著性水平(P <0.01),壳长和壳宽是决定尖紫蛤活体质量的主要因素,而壳长和壳高是决定尖紫蛤软体质量的主要因素。采用逐步回归方法得到最优回归方程:mL=-62.105+0.647 X1+0.726 X2+0.779 X3、mM=-26.116+0.240 X1+0.439 X2+0.322 X3,回归关系达到极显著水平(P <0.01)。【结论】20月龄尖紫蛤壳壳长是和壳宽、壳长和壳高分别是决定尖紫蛤活体质量、软体质量的主要因素,为尖紫蛤的选择育种提供形态学证据,可首选壳长。 相似文献
9.
采用平衡巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,构建九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)12个半同胞家系和36个全同胞家系(每个雄鲍配3个雌鲍),分别测定每个母系生长到8月龄的全同胞个体30个后代的壳长、壳宽和体质量,应用数量遗传学的全同胞组内相关分析法,利用SPSS软件的GLM过程计算表型变量的原因方差组分,估算九孔鲍8月龄生长性状的遗传力以及性状间遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明:利用父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是九孔鲍各生长性状遗传力的无偏估计值,其中壳长、壳宽和体质量性状的狭义遗传力的估计值分别为0.285、0.264和0.343,属于中高等遗传力,显示出较高的选择育种潜力;基于父系半同胞遗传协方差组分及表型协方差分别估计的各性状间的遗传相关和表型相关表明,各性状间均表现出高的正相关,其中壳长―壳宽、壳长―体质量和壳宽―体质量性状间遗传相关的相关系数分别为0.947、0.934、0.902,表型相关的相关系数分别为0.910、0.791、0.760。经t检验,各性状间遗传相关和表型相关均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究表明,以任何一个生长性状为参数进行选育,均可达到改良九孔鲍生长的效果。 相似文献
10.
九孔鲍养殖群体与野生群体杂交一代生长比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)汕尾养殖群体(BD)和深圳野生群体(YS)进行群体间杂交及群体内自繁,获得YS♀×BD♂、BD♀×YS♂、BD♀×BD♂和YS♀×YS♂4个组合的F1代,对其卵径、受精率、幼体附着率、幼体变态率,以及40、70、100、160、220、280日龄幼鲍的存活率及壳长、壳宽等进行比较。结果表明:野生群体卵径比养殖群体大12.14%,差异极显著(p值<0.01);受精率、附着率、变态率,杂交组显著大于自繁组(p值<0.05);杂交组在幼体存活率、稚贝主要生长性状与自繁组相比均表现出不同程度的杂种优势,幼鲍存活率平均杂种优势变化范围为(14.89±3.60)%～(43.00±2.15)%,壳长平均杂种优势变化范围为(5.18±1.46)%～(18.52±2.12)%,壳宽平均杂种优势变化范围为(6.17±1.09)%～(16.72±1.26)%,体质量平均杂种优势变化范围为(9.86±1.25)%～(12.55±1.26)%;通过野生群体与养殖群体的杂交育苗能提高九孔鲍的经济性状。 相似文献
11.
<正>马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)是我国南方养殖的一种重要经济贝类,长期以来一直是我国主要的海水育珠的主要贝类,用马氏珠母贝育珠是广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区经济发展的支柱性产业。近年来,我国海水珍珠的质量出现明显滑坡,严重地削弱了在国际市场上的竞争力。为提高海水珍珠质量和在国际市场上的竞争力,国内科技工作者已经进行了大量的研究工作,这些工作主要包括对马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状的改良、育珠技术的优化和海水珍珠形成机理的研究[1-5]。 相似文献
12.
Three wild populations of Meretrix meretrix sampled from Dongxing, Beihai, and Shankou along the coast of Guangxi, China, were investigated with morphometry and karyometry. Six morphological indices （shell length, shell height, shell width, hinge length, total wet weight and shell weight） were measured. Differences in all morphological indices except hinge length were significant among the three populations （P 〈 0.05）. The mean values of these indices （except for the hinge length） in the Dongxing population were larger than those in the Beihai and Shankou populations, although the latter had the largest hinge length. The karyotype of the Beihai, Shankou and Dongxing samples had ten metacentric, six submetacentric, and three subtelocentric chromosome pairs. No significant difference was shown in the centromeric index values of the chromosomes in the populations （P〉0.05）. However, the order of metacentric, submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosome pairs was variable among the three populations. The results indicate a high level of inter-population variation in morphology and karyotype. 相似文献
13.
Correlation and path analysis of morphological and weight traits in marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using correlation and path analysis, the genetic correlation between weight traits and morphological traits was determined in the marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana. A total of 100 G. reiniana individuals from a wild population were used. Shell width （X1）, shell height （X2）, umbo-callus height （X3）, body width （X4）, operculum length （X5）, operculum width （X6）, body weight （Y1） and soft-tissue weight （Y2） were measured, and the correlation coefficient matrix calculated. Morphological traits were used as independent variables and weight traits as dependent variables for path coefficient analysis. Path coefficients, correlation indices and determination coefficients were also determined. Results indicate that the correlation coefficients associated with each morphological and weight trait were all highly significant （P〈0.01）. After deleting redundant independent variables, the following optimum multiple regression equations were obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis： Y1=-29.317＋0.362X2＋0.349X4＋ 1.190）（5 for body weight; and Y2=-17.292＋0.166X1＋0.171X2＋0.703X5, for soft-tissue weight. Operculum height had the highest positive direct correlation with both body weight and soft-tissue weight, which was in accordance with the test results obtained from determinate coefficient analysis. The indication of high genetic correlations between weight traits and morphological traits will provide valuable information for G. reiniana breeding programs. 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,(5)
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary stachyose on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal structures of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L). Five isonitrogenous(49.58% crude protein) and isolipidic(10.50% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0(Control), 0.625%(S-0.625), 1.25%(S-1.25), 2.5%(S-2.5) and 5%(S-5) stachyose, respectively. With the increase of stachyose level, the growth performance and feed utilization of turbot, such as the specific growth rate, final mean body weight, weight gain rate and feed efficiency, increased significantly(P 0.05) and then stabilized. The feed intake of fish fed S-5 was significantly higher(P 0.05) than that of fish in other groups. The activities of trypsin, intestinal caseinolytic, stomach and intestinal amylase were significantly influenced by stachyose(P 0.05). The highest values of trypsin and intestinal caseinolytic activities were observed in group S-1.25, while the highest activity of stomach amylase and the lowest activity of intestine amylase were observed in group S-5. No lesion or damage was found on the distal intestine structures of fish from all treatments, while the height of simple folds in the distal intestine was significantly increased(P 0.05) when 1.25% or 2.5% stachyose was added in the diets. These results indicated that moderate level of stachyose(1.25%) improves the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities and the distal intestine structures of juvenile turbot. 相似文献
15.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 1 and intron 2 of Larimichthys crocea growth hormone gene are correlated with growth traits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The growth hormone gene (GH) affects animal growth and is a potential target for genetic studies of variation related to growth traits. In this study, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH intron regions and their associations with growth traits in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, from Zhejiang and Fujian stocks. The results of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism showed two haplotypes of intron 1, named AA and AB genotypes, in Zhejiang stock. AB exhibited an SNP at position 196 (G A) that was negatively correlated with body height and positively correlated with standard length/body height (P 0.05). Two different genotypes, CC and CD, were identified in intron 2 in Fujian stock, with CD showing an SNP at position 692 (T C). The CD genotype had a significantly positive correlation with both weight and total length (P 0.01). These basic data highlight the potential for using GH as a genetic marker of fish growth in marker assisted selection. 相似文献
16.
Yield trait improvement of bay scallops following complete diallel crosses between different scallop stocks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock （W） from Canada and local commercial stock （D） grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages （larvae, spat, and adult） were compared among hybrid （DW, WD） and purebred （DD, WW） populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage （〉 1% of the mid-parent values）. The mean heterosis （Hm） varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the Hm values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types （intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses） on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly （P〉0.05） with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length （SL）, shell height （SH）, shell width （SW）, and total weight （TW） were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive Hm values were observed in SL （1.5%）, SW （5.8%）, and TW （12.3%）, and were more significant in the DW groups （6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%）. These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study. 相似文献
17.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(6)
The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is natively distributed along the Pacific coast of Asia, where it is one of the most important bivalve species for local fisheries. This species has been intentionally introduced due to its high adaptability to various coastal environments and is currently widely cultivated in Europe and North America. We have initiated a selective breeding program to improve the growth rate of the Manila clam since 2007, and a full-sib family with orange shell color was selected. This family features high survival but slow growth. Thereafter, two generations of mass selection were conducted in this family by 10% upward selection for faster growth. In 2011, three types of lines were produced by selecting the breeder from the second-generation of selected lines. These lines are SS(subject to three generations of selection for growth in shell length), SC(selected for the second but not the third generation), and C(randomly sampled individuals from the national population). The genetic parameters of the shell length including hR2(realized heritability), SR(selection response), and GG(genetic gain) were analyzed. Results showed that the shell length of the SS line was significantly larger than those of the SC and C lines at all developmental stages(P 0.05). For the larval stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.42, 0.73, and 6.66, respectively. For the juvenile stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.40, 0.69, 21.76, respectively. For grow-out stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.48, 0.83, and 18.22, respectively. The results of hR2 indicated the good potential of the SS line in selective breeding. The level of GG improvement was encouraging and consistent with the previous expectations. No inbreeding depressions in the shell length were observed in the SS and SC lines at all sampling days. All of the results indicate that maintaining selection pressure in successive generations may be effective in the selective breeding program of this family. 相似文献