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1.
【目的】研究12月龄多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama Forssk?l)形态性状与体质量之间的关系,筛选适用于选育的主要形态性状。【方法】测定12个形态性状与体质量的表型参数,通过通径分析、相关分析和多元回归分析估计主要性状对体质量的直接影响和间接影响。【结果】12月龄多鳞鱚13个性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析表明,体高(X1)、体厚(X2)、眼径(X7)、体长(X10)和背鳍前长(X11)对体质量(Y)有明显的直接影响;除体长外,其他生长性状对体质量的直接影响均小于它们对体质量的间接影响,同时,体长对体质量的直接影响最大。相关分析表明,上述5个主要性状是体质量变化的主要影响因素。体长对体质量的单独决定系数最大(0.331),5个主要性状对体质量的总决定系数为0.928。建立的以主要性状为自变量、体质量为因变量的回归方程为Y=-13.339+2.913X1+3.352X2-4.467X7+1.473X10+0.763X11。【结论】体长、体厚、眼径、体高和背鳍前长等5个主要性状是影响多鳞鱚体质量的核心性状,其中体长影响最大。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】探明花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)早期主要形态性状对体质量的影响程度,为其良种选育提供参考。【方法】采用数理统计方法对500尾2月龄花鲈的全长(X1)、体长(X2)、体高(X3)、头长(X4)、头高(X5)、躯干长(X6)、吻长(X7)、眼径(X8)、尾柄长(X9)、尾柄高(X10)等10个形态性状和体质量(Y)进行测量分析。【结果】相关性分析结果表明,10个形态性状与体质量的相关性均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析结果发现,体高、全长、眼径、躯干长、吻长、体长等6个性状是影响2月龄花鲈体质量的主要形态性状,其中仅体高对体质量的直接作用大于间接作用,为影响体质量的核心变量。决定系数显示,体高对体质量的单独决定系数最大(0.324),全长和体高对体质量的共同决定系数最大(0.287),6个形态性状对体质量的总决定系数为0.947,表明本研究已将影响2月龄花鲈体质量的主要形态性状全部纳入。经逐步回归分析,拟合得到最优线性回归方程为Y=-1.468+1.314X3+0.160X1-0.307X8+0.149X6+0.305X7+0.046X2。【结论】除体质量外,还须将体高作为花鲈早期选育的目标性状。  相似文献   

3.
翡翠贻贝形态性状对软体部质量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
随机选择200个湛江南三岛翡翠贻贝野生个体,测量壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、壳高(SH)、韧带长(LL)和软体重(EW)等5个性状,计算性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算以壳性状和韧带长为自变量对软体重作依变量的通径系数、决定系数。结果表明:壳长、壳宽、壳高、韧带长与软体部质量相关极显著(P<0.01)。壳长对软体部质量的直接影响最大,壳高对软体部质量的直接影响次之;与壳长和壳高相比,壳宽、韧带长对软体部质量的直接影响较小。采用逐步回归分析方法建立了以壳长和壳高为自变量估计软体部质量的多元回归方程:YEW=-39.287+0.466XSL+0.994XSH,为翡翠贻贝选种提供了理论依据和测度指标。  相似文献   

4.
Correlation, multiple regression, and path analyses were used to investigate the relationships between body weight and three other morphological traits in juvenile Japanese sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. We measured live body weight(BW), body length(BL), numbers of papillae(NP), and numbers of tube feet(NF) at 60, 80, 100, and 130 days post-hatching(dph). We calculated path correlation coe cients, correlation indices( R~2), and coe cients of determination with BW as the dependent variable and the other morphological traits as independent variables. The coe cient of variation for BW was high across all age groups, and all measured morphological traits were significantly correlated( P 0.01). BL had the greatest direct ef fect on BW across all age groups(60 dph, 0.526; 80 dph, 0.404; 100 dph, 0.620;and 130 dph, 0.681), while NF had the greatest indirect ef fect on BW across all age groups(60 dph, 0.528;80 dph, 0.452; 100 dph, 0.666; and 130 dph, 0.603). Regression analyses between morphological traits and BW indicated that R 2 was greater than 0.85 only in the 100-dph specimens. The indirect ef fects of the other measured morphological traits on BW were age-dependent. The optimal regression equations,as determined with stepwise regression, were, for 60-dph specimens: BW_(60)=10~((-3.04+0.092 BL+0.014 NP+0.014 NF))( R~2 =0.632); for 80-dph specimens: BW _(80)=10~((-3.035+0.056 BL+0.017 NP+0.02 NF))( R~2 =0.686); for 100-dph specimens:BW_(100) =10~((-3.742+0.069 BL+0. 633*l g( NP)+0. 464*l g( NF)))( R~2 =0.893); and for 130-dph specimens: BW_(130)=10~((-2.472+0.065 BL+0.012 NP))( R~2 =0.774). Our work clarified the correlation between various morphological traits and body weight of a commercially-important sea cucumber species( A. japonicus). Our predictive models for body weight might be useful for the aquaculture and selective breeding of A. japonicus. These models might also provide theoretical support for the indirect selection of traits that are di cult to select directly.  相似文献   

5.
<正>马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)是我国南方养殖的一种重要经济贝类,长期以来一直是我国主要的海水育珠的主要贝类,用马氏珠母贝育珠是广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区经济发展的支柱性产业。近年来,我国海水珍珠的质量出现明显滑坡,严重地削弱了在国际市场上的竞争力。为提高海水珍珠质量和在国际市场上的竞争力,国内科技工作者已经进行了大量的研究工作,这些工作主要包括对马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状的改良、育珠技术的优化和海水珍珠形成机理的研究[1-5]。  相似文献   

6.
马氏珠母贝经济性状对体重决定效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用通径分析方法研究了不同养殖区马氏珠母贝各分性状对体重的决定效应。结果表明:流沙养殖群体分性状壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长、软体部重和闭壳肌重与体重间呈正相关(P<0.01),对体重的直接决定效应分别为0.091、0.072、0.029、0.002、0.089和0.001,间接决定效应分别为0.319、0.284、0.183、0.03、0.304和0.004,总决定效应分别为0.41、0.356、0.212、0.032、0.393和0.005;6个经济性状与体重间的关系在抽样断面上可用线性回归模型拟合,复相关系数达0.939(P<0.01)。6个性状3类决定效应按大小排列均为壳长>软体部重>壳宽>壳高>铰合线长>闭壳肌重。迈陈养殖群体作为验证群体,各效应值与前者有差异,但3类决定效应大小排序与前者完全相同。基于决定效应大小及性状易测性,育种目标性状的选择策略为首选壳长,二选壳高,三选壳宽。研究还发现壳宽对软体部重具有最大的决定效应,提出加大壳宽选择强度以培育大型珍珠新观点。  相似文献   

7.
Prior knowledge of the correlations among commercially important traits in Glyptocidaris crenularis can be used to guide development of breeding and aquaculture programs for this species. We evaluated the phenotypic correlations between somatic and gonadal traits in G. crenularis during two sample periods （October 2010 and April 2011）. The coefficients of variation （CV%） for body weight （BW）, redness （a＊）, yellowness （b＊）, gonad wet weight （GW）, and gonad index （GI） were 〉20% in both periods, while those of other traits were very low. GW was significantly correlated with somatic traits （diameter, height, and body weight） in both periods, although the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.473 to 0.636 （P〈0.01）. Gonad moisture content （GC）, a＊, and lightness （L＊） were not significantly correlated with somatic traits （P〉0.05）. The color trait b＊ was negatively correlated with somatic traits （test diameter, test height, and body weight） during the period when the gonads were well developed （April 2011, P〈0.05）. We observed little difference in the nature of the phenotypic correlations between the two sample periods. The high variation in the somatic and gonad weight traits in G. crenularis suggests there is considerable potential for selective breeding. However, our results suggest that gonad quality traits cannot be selected indirectly by selecting for body weight. Our study provides an insight into the method for improving the breeding and aquaculture of G. crenulari.  相似文献   

8.
以尼罗罗非鱼为研究对象,通过测量和回归分析,研究体重与体维可量性状之间的相关关系。结果表明:体重与体长、身长、全长、体高、体厚等形态特征性状的相关性均高于0.85,呈较高的正相关关系;多元回归方程lnW=a+b1lnLS+b2lnDB和lnW=a+b1lnLC+b2lnDB对于全体数据的拟合度分别为0.958和0.955,拟合度较高,且在实际检验中效果较好,超过88%的个体误差范围在5.0%之内,可有效反映出不同体维性状对鱼类体重的影响。  相似文献   

9.
Otolith shape is species-specific in fish. In this study, 161 samples of Trumpeter sillago Sillago maculata and 164 of Silver sillago Sillago sihama were collected from Beibu Gulf in July 2009. The main objective of this study was to use morphological variables and Fourier harmonics to describe otolith characteristics and use discriminant analyses to separate the two species. Otoliths were measured by traditional one and two dimensional measures(otolith length, width, diameters, area, perimeter, rectangularity and circularity), as well as by Fourier analysis to capture the finer regions of the otolith. Analysis of covariance(ANCOVA)showed that there was significant correlation between morphological variables(diameter, perimeter, otolith length, otolith width, otolith area, density, harmonics 3, harmonics 4, harmonics 5, harmonics 13, harmonics 15, and harmonics 16)and body length. To minimize size effects on the morphological variables between species, only fish with a body length between 90 and 140 mm were included in the data analysis and the variables which had significant relation with body length were transformed using the residual. The result showed that the accuracy of discriminant analysis was 97. 8% and 100% for Trumpeter sillago and Silver sillago, respectively. This high accuracy indicated that otolith shape was described accurately by morphological variables and Fourier harmonics, and discriminant analysis was an effective way to identify and separate the two species.  相似文献   

10.
测量北部湾86尾野生长毛明对虾体长、头胸甲长、胸高、胸宽、第一腹节宽、第一腹节高、第三腹节高、额剑上刺数、额剑下刺数和体重等10个性状,采用逐步回归法分析9个性状和体重的关系。结果表明:体长、头胸甲长、胸高、第一腹节宽、第三腹节高和额剑下刺数6个性状与体重的相关系数达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),在单独的决定系数中:头胸甲长对体重的决定系数(14.44%)最大,共同决定系数中,体长与头胸甲长最大为21.13%。通过分析,建立长毛明对虾的体长、头胸甲长、胸高、第一腹节宽、第三腹节高、额剑下刺数对体重的最优理想回归方程,为长毛明对虾选育种和保种提供理想的测度指标。  相似文献   

11.
湛江北部湾马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系生长模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为检验不同模型对马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的生长发育拟合效果,分别采用von Bertalanffy、Gompertz、Logistic和Brody 4种非线性生长模型对红壳色选育系壳长、壳宽、壳高等形态性状和重量性状的生长发育进行拟合,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出模型中各生长参数,结合各参数的最优值,得出拟合效果最佳的生长模型。结果表明,在马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的第一年半生长过程中,Brody模型为壳长、壳宽与壳高的最优生长模型,von Bertalanffy模型为体重的最优生长模型,分别有效地拟合了马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系早期生长发育的累积生长曲线。  相似文献   

12.
6个不同鲤群体的形态差异分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
对黄河鲤、荷包红鲤、高背荷包红鲤、兴国红鲤、建鲤和黑龙江野鲤等6个鲤群体的12个形态比例性状进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。单因素方差分析结果表明,除眼后头长/头长外,各鲤群体间在其他比例性状上出现较明显的差异。主成分分析构建了3个主成分,其贡献率分别为35.316%、23.221%、10.146%,累计贡献率为68.683%,并明显可将6个鲤群体划分为2个簇,荷包红鲤和高背荷包红鲤明显与其他群体区分开。聚类分析结果与主成分分析一致。在体高/体长、头长/体长、体厚/体长和尾柄高/尾柄长等4个比例性状上,有些群体的差异系数大于1.28,说明这些群体在这4个指标上的差异可达到亚种水平。结果表明,6个鲤群体在形态上存在一定差异和分化,主要体现在体型和头部特征上。  相似文献   

13.
To quantify the response to selection,heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size of Litopenaeus vannamei,the body weight (BW),total length (TL),body length (BL),first abdominal segment depth (FASD),third abdominal segment depth (TASD),first abdominal segment width (FASW),and partial carapace length (PCL) of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design.Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL.vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire,and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis.The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high:0.515士0.030 for body weight and 0.394士0.030 for total length.After one generation of selection,the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth.In the 5"’ month,the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation.Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable.The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability;and selective breeding can be improved significantly,simultaneously with increased production.  相似文献   

14.
In this study, molecular weight controllable degradation of algal Laminaria japonica polysaccharides(LPS) was investigated by ultrasound combined with hydrogen peroxide. Three main factors, i.e., ultrasonic power(A), ultrasonic time(B), and H_2O_2 concentration(C) were chosen for optimizing parameters by employing three-factors, three-levels BBD. The influence of degradation on structure change and antioxidant activities was also investigated. A second-order polynomial equation including molecular weight(Y) of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides and each variable parameter, i.e., ultrasonic power(A), ultrasonic time(B), and H_2O_2 concentration(C), was established: Y=20718.67-4273.13A-4000.38B-1438.75C+2333.25AB+1511.00AC+873.00BC+2838.29A~2 + 2490.79B~2+873.04C~2. The equation regression coefficient value(R~2 = 0.969) indicated that this equation was valid. The value of the adjusted determination coefficient(adjusted R~2 = 0.914) also confirmed that the model was highly significant. The results of selected experimental degradation conditions matched with the predicted value. FT-IR spectra revealed that the structures of LPS before and after degradation were not significantly changed. Antioxidant activities of LPS revealed that low Mws possessed stronger inhibitory than the original polysaccharides. The scavenging effects on superoxide radicals was the highest when IC50 of crude LPS was 4.92 mg mL~(-1) and IC50 of Mw 18.576 KDa was 1.02 mg mL~(-1), which was fourfold higher than initial polysaccharide.  相似文献   

15.
转基因水稻恢复系产量构成性状的杂种优势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探明转抗真菌蛋白基因水稻的杂种优势利用价值,选用6个转基因的水稻恢复系与多个不育系杂交,计算转基因水稻恢复系杂种一代的超父优势、超原种优势和单株产量竞争优势,并对其产量构成性状进行相关与通径分析。结果表明:不同品种或同一品种的不同转基因株系间的超父优势表现不同,整体上优势较明显的性状是有效穗数和单株产量;七丝软占转化后代的杂种F1普遍存在显著正向超原种优势,而E32转化后代所配杂种的超原种优势则较多表现为负值;产量竞争优势分析结果则表明转基因水稻选配优良组合几率并不比常规育种方法低,其中E10、EF38的杂种F1存在较强的产量竞争优势;对转化后代杂种F1的单株产量贡献最大的性状依次为有效穗、穗实粒数和千粒重。  相似文献   

16.
湿地植物香蒲光合特性及其影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以湿地植物香蒲为材料,在水平潜流人工湿地处理单元中,采用便携式LI-6400光合作用测定仪测定其成熟叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化,研究其光合生理生态特性。结果表明:香蒲叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈双峰曲线,主峰(22.0μmol.m-2.s-1)出现在9:00左右,次峰(16.9μmol.m-2.s-1)出现在15:00,光合"午休"现象明显,且非气孔限制是产生光合"午休"的主要原因。用逐步多元回归方法得到净光合速率日变化与主要生理生态因子的回归方程为:yPn=0.7692+29.7059 xGs-0.7689xTr+0.014 2 xPAR(复相关系数0.9563,显著水平P=0.0001;叶片净光合速率Pn,μmol.m-2.s-1;气孔导度Gs,mol.m-2.s-1;蒸腾速率Tr,mmol.m-2.s-1;光合有效辐射PAR,μmol.m-2.s-1)。偏相关分析和通径分析的结果表明Gs、Tr和PAR与Pn的日变化显著相关,是影响香蒲Pn的主要因子,影响大小的顺序为:Gs>PAR>Tr。香蒲叶片Pn-PAR的响应曲线方程为yPn=-5×10-6 xPAR 2+0.0207 xPAR-1.3728(相关系数0.9935,显著水平p=0.000 1),光补偿点、光饱和点和表观量子效率分别为32.9μmol.m-2.s-1、147 6μmol.m-2.s-1、0.023 3 mol.mol-1;Pn-CO2的响应曲线方程为yPn=-2×10-5 w(CO2)2+0.054 9 w(CO2)-1.44 4(相关系数0.9694,显著水平p=0.000 1;w(CO2)单位为μmol.mol-1),CO2补偿点、CO2饱和点和羧化效率分别为23.7μmol.mol-1、621.4μmol.mol-1和0.0768 mol.m-2.s-1。  相似文献   

17.
Fenneropenaeus chinensis distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Different geographical populations represent potentially different genetic resources. To learn further the characteristics of different geographical population, crosses among two wild and three farmed populations were produced. The two wild populations were from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (WYP), and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and coast (WKN). The three farmed populations included the offspring of first generation of wild shrimp from coast in Korea (FKN), the Huang Hai (the Yellow Sea in Chinese) No. 1 (HH 1), and JK98. The phenotypes growth and survival rates of these populations were compared to confirm the feasibility for crossbreeding. The body length (BL), carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW), height of the second and third abdominal segment (HST), width of the second and third abdominal segment (WST), length of the first abdominal segment (LF), length of the last abdominal segment (LL), live body weight (BW), and survival rate were measured. Different combinations were statistically performed with ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple significant difference (P<0.05) in BL, CL, HST, LL, and BW; and insignificant difference (P0.05) in other growth traits and survival rate. The results of Duncan's Multiple Range Test are that BL and CL of was the best combination in all growth traits. Therefore, hybridization can introduce the variation to base populations. The systematic selection program based on additive genetic performance may be more effective than crossbreeding.  相似文献   

18.
The growth hormone gene (GH) affects animal growth and is a potential target for genetic studies of variation related to growth traits. In this study, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH intron regions and their associations with growth traits in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, from Zhejiang and Fujian stocks. The results of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism showed two haplotypes of intron 1, named AA and AB genotypes, in Zhejiang stock. AB exhibited an SNP at position 196 (G A) that was negatively correlated with body height and positively correlated with standard length/body height (P 0.05). Two different genotypes, CC and CD, were identified in intron 2 in Fujian stock, with CD showing an SNP at position 692 (T C). The CD genotype had a significantly positive correlation with both weight and total length (P 0.01). These basic data highlight the potential for using GH as a genetic marker of fish growth in marker assisted selection.  相似文献   

19.
We estimated the reproductive success of adult brood fish and the heritability of growth-related traits for large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). We created two independent full-factorial cross groups (1 and 2) by crossing 4 males×4 females and 4 males×3 females, respectively. We measured the body weight (BW), body length (BL), and body height (BH) of 281 individuals from group 1 and 318 individuals from group 2 at 20 months post hatch (harvest age). We also collected a tissue sample from each individual. The parents and offspring were genotyped using six polymorphic microsatellites. Of the 599 offspring, 99.2% were assigned to a single pair of parents. In both groups, some parent pairs produced a large number of offsprings while other pairs did not produce any offspring. The genetic diversity and putative Ne were lower in the offsprings than in the parents in both groups. The heritability estimates at 20-month age were 0.13±0.10 for BW, 0.19±0.13 for BL, and 0.09±0.06 for BH. The genetic and phenotype correlation between BW, BL, and BH was close to 1. The results provide basic information for selective breeding and further genetic characterization of large yellow croaker.  相似文献   

20.
为探讨投喂增色剂对鱼类增色效果的定量评价方法,分别用添加0、30、100、300、500、700、900 mg/kg虾青素的饲料饲喂血鹦鹉60 d,测定血鹦鹉皮肤中的总类胡萝卜素含量和鱼体体色的三刺激值。结果显示,血鹦鹉皮肤总类胡萝卜素含量随着虾青素添加量的增加而升高,而三刺激值X、Y、Z则逐渐减小。总类胡萝卜素含量300～900 mg/kg各组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),500、700和900 mg/kg组显著高于0、30、100 mg/kg组(P<0.05),而500、700和900 mg/kg各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。总类胡萝卜素含量与三刺激值间的相关系数分别为-0.966、-0.932、-0.981,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。可见,在饲料中添加虾青素可明显提高血鹦鹉皮肤类胡萝卜素含量,改善血鹦鹉体色,血鹦鹉体色的三刺激值与皮肤总类胡萝卜素含量有极高的相关性,可用测色色差计测定血鹦鹉的三刺激值,并以此来推算鱼体皮肤总类胡萝卜素含量,定量评价血鹦鹉的体色。  相似文献   

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