共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Parameterized first-guess spectrum method for retrieving directional spectrum of swell-dominated waves and huge waves from SAR images 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A method to retrieve ocean wave spectra from SAR images, named Parameterized First-guess Spectrum Method (PFSM), was proposed after interpretation of the theory to ocean wave imaging and analysis of the drawbacks of the retrieving model generally used. In this method, with additional information and satellite parameters, the separating wave-number is first calculated to determine the maximum wave-number beyond which the linear relation can be used. The separating wave-number can be calculated using the additional information on wind velocity and parameters of SAR satellite. And then the SAR spectrum can be divided into SAR spectrum of wind wave and of swell according to the result of separating wave-number. The portion of SAR spectrum generated by wind wave, is used to search for the most suitable parameters of ocean wind wave spectrum, including propagation direction of ocean wave, phase speed of dominating wave and the angle spreading coefficient. The swell spectrum is acquired by directly inversing the linear relation of ocean wave spectrum to SAR spectrum given the portion of SAR spectrum generated by swell. We used the proposed method to retrieve the ocean wave spectrum from ERS-SAR data from the South China Sea and compared the result with altimeter data. The agreement indicates that the PFSM is reliable. 相似文献
2.
Whitecapping plays an important role in many air-sea exchange and upper ocean processes. Traditionally, whitecap coverage
is parameterized as a function of wind speed only. At present, the relative speed of ocean current to wind is considered to
be important in the air-sea exchange parameterization which is the function of wind speed only. In this paper, the effects
of ocean surface velocity (current velocity and wave induced velocity) and the wave parameters on whitecap coverage through
relative speeds are investigated, by applying a 2-parameter whitecap coverage model to the Atlantic Ocean. It is found that
the impacts of both current and wave on whitecap coverage are considerable in the most part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is interesting
that the effect of wave is more significant than that of current. 相似文献
3.
Xudong Zhang Jie Zhang Chenqing Fan Junmin Meng Jing Wang Yong Wan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(3):487-497
The 21st century Maritime Silk Road(MSR) proposed by China strongly promotes the maritime industry. In this paper, we use wind and ocean wave datasets from 1979 to 2014 to analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of the wind speed, significant wave height(SWH), mean wave direction(MWD), and mean wave period(MWP) in the MSR. The analysis results indicate that the Luzon Strait and Gulf of Aden have the most obvious seasonal variations and that the central Indian Ocean is relatively stable. We analyzed the distributions of the maximum wind speed and SWH in the MSR over this 36-year period. The results show that the distribution of the monthly average frequency for SWH exceeds 4 m(huge waves) and that of the corresponding wind speed exceeds 13.9 ms~(-1)(high wind speed). The occurrence frequencies of huge waves and high winds in regions east of the Gulf of Aden are as high as 56% and 80%, respectively. We also assessed the wave and wind energies in different seasons. Based on our analyses, we propose a risk factor(RF) for determining navigation safety levels, based on the wind speed and SWH. We determine the spatial and temporal RF distributions for different seasons and analyze the corresponding impact on four major sea routes. Finally, we determine the spatial distribution of tropical cyclones from 2000 to 2015 and analyze the corresponding impact on the four sea routes. The analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the MSR provides references for ship navigation as well as ocean engineering. 相似文献
4.
Wave breaking is an important process that controls turbulence properties and fluxes of heat and mass in the upper oceanic layer.A model is described for energy dissipation per unit area at the ocean surface attributed to wind-generated breaking waves,in terms of ratio of energy dissipation to energy input,windgenerated wave spectrum,and wave growth rate.Also advanced is a vertical distribution model of turbulent kinetic energy,based on an exponential distribution method.The result shows that energy dissipation rate depends heavily on wind speed and sea state.Our results agree well with predictions of previous works. 相似文献
5.
Comparison of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter derived wave period with ocean buoy data in the East China Sea and South China Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Altimeter wave period data obtained from continental shelf seas are analyzed in this paper. Empirical models are introduced for zero up-crossing and peak wave period calculation with TOPEX/POSEIDON data. Their performances are assessed using independent validation dataset in four sites in the open ocean of China. To provide more accurate wave period estimation, new coefficients are applied to reliable in situ data. Comparison of our estimated the wave periods with new linear calibrations based on independent data of Seapac 2100 deployed in the East China Sea and South China Sea showed that the accuracy was improved over estimates determined from earlier empirical models. Regional analysis indicated that the wave period model works better under wind sea condition. 相似文献
6.
Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads and over-estimate design values.This frequently leads to not only higher investment but also distortion of structural reliability analysis.The definition of design return period in existing codes and industry criteria in China are summarized.Then joint return periods of different ocean environmental parameters are determined from the view of service term and danger risk.Based on a bivariate equivalent maximum entropy distribution,joint design parameters are estimated for the concomitant wave height and wind speed at a site in the Bohai Sea.The calculated results show that even if the return period of each environmental factor,such as wave height or wind speed,is small,their combinations can lead to larger joint return periods.Proper design criteria for joint return period associated with concomitant environmental conditions will reduce structural size and lead to lower investment of ocean platforms for the exploitation of marginal oil field. 相似文献
7.
选取FES2004、EOT11a、TPXO7.2和Chinasea2010等4个海潮模型，首先通过矢量差评价不同海潮模型的潮波参数差异，然后利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络23个沿海测站的GNSS连续观测数据，通过计算不同海潮模型改正前后GNSS时间序列的wRMS，评价基于不同海潮模型的海潮负荷位移改正的有效性。结果表明，不同海潮模型的潮波参数存在mm级差异，且沿海区域差异远比内陆区域显著。此外，海潮负荷改正对中国沿海区域测站坐标时间序列wRMS影响较大，大部分测站坐标时间序列进行海潮负荷改正后，wRMS减小10%~70%；改正后wRMS改善幅度与测站所属区域有关，东海沿岸测站wRMS的改善较渤海、黄海和东海沿岸测站更显著，可减小50%以上；wRMS改善程度的模型间差异为1%~2%，其中基于FES2004模型的改正对序列wRMS的影响最大，可达67.5%。 相似文献
8.
Wave steepness is an important characteristic of a high sea state, and is widely applied on wave propagations at ports, ships, offshore platforms, and CO2 circulation in the ocean. Obtaining wave steepness is a difficult task that depends heavily on theoretical research on wavelength distribution and direct observations. Development of remote-sensing techniques provides new opportunities to study wave steepness. At present, two formulas are proposed to estimate wave steepness from QuikSCAT and ERS-1/2 scatterometer data. We found that wave steepness retrieving is not affected by radar band, and polarization method, and that relationship of wave steepness with radar backscattering cross section is similar to that with wind. Therefore, we adopted and modified a genetic algorithm for relating wave steepness with radar backscattering cross section. Results show that the root-mean-square error of the wave steepness retrieved is 0.005 in two cases from ERS-1/2 scatterometer data and from QuikSCAT scatterometer data. 相似文献
9.
LIU Yuguang ) * YAN Xiao-Hai ) SU Ming-Yang ) ) Physical Oceanography Laboratory College of Marine Environment Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China) Center for Remote Sensing Graduate College of Marine Studies University of Delaware Newark DE USA) Oceanography Division Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center MS USA 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(1)
1 Introduction Numerousinvestigationsondeepwaterwindwavespectrumhavebeen performed (Phillips ,195 8;Bretschneider,195 9;PiersonandMoscowitz ,196 4;Hasselmannetal.,1973;Donelanetal.,1985 ;Ban ner ,1990 ;Wenetal.,1999) .Ondimensionalground ,Phillips (195 8)suggestedthattheequilibriumfre quencyspectrumofwindwavesfordeepwatershouldbe proportionaltoω- 5,andthecorrespondingwavenumberspectrumshouldbe proportionaltok- 4,whereωistheangularfrequencyandkisthewavenumber.Forfully developedwindwaves… 相似文献
10.
The wind system over the seas southeast of Asia (SSEA) plays an important role in China's climate variation. In this paper, ERS scatterometer winds covering the period from January 2000 to December 2000 and the area of 2-41 °N, 105- 130°E were analyzed with a distance-weighting interpolation method and the monthly mean distribution of the sea surface wind speed were given. The seasonal characteristics of winds in the SSEA were analyzed. Based on WAVEWATCH Ⅲ model, distribution of significant wave height was calculated. 相似文献
11.
A new ocean wave and sea surface current monitoring system with horizontally-(HH) and vertically-(VV) polarized X-band radar
was developed. Two experiments into the use of the radar system were carried out at two sites, respectively, for calibration
process in Zhangzi Island of the Yellow Sea, and for validation in the Yellow Sea and South China Sea. Ocean wave parameters
and sea surface current velocities were retrieved from the dual polarized radar image sequences based on an inverse method.
The results obtained from dual-polarized radar data sets acquired in Zhangzi Island are compared with those from an ocean
directional buoy. The results show that ocean wave parameters and sea surface current velocities retrieved from radar image
sets are in a good agreement with those observed by the buoy. In particular, it has been found that the vertically-polarized
radar is better than the horizontally-polarized radar in retrieving ocean wave parameters, especially in detecting the significant
wave height below 1.0 m. 相似文献
12.
传统浑浊度时空变化模式研究依靠野外观测实验,需要投入大量人力物力,模型适用范围亦非常有限。本文利用自组织网络（SOM）,直接从长时序遥感影像中提取典型浑浊模式,分析浑浊度年内、年际变化特征。以黄河河口附近海域为研究区,提取出近15年的6类典型浑浊模式。典型特征显示,研究区内主要有2个浑浊区,位于渤海湾西部和南部,以及河口外和莱州湾西北部;6类模式中四类以年为周期过渡更替,冬春季浑浊度较高,夏秋季浑浊度较低;多年浑浊模式逐渐由中浑浊向清澈模式变化,整体浑浊度有降低趋势。浑浊水体分布主要受河口潮流、环流等海洋动力和风浪影响,结合研究区气象观测数据分析,海面风浪变化是造成浑浊模式更替的主要原因,黄河入海泥沙影响范围仅局限于河口口门周边。利用统计参数分析和2007年各月悬浮泥沙浓度反演结果比较,评价SOM分类效果,结果表明SOM提取的模式间具有显著差异,一定程度上能够代替经验模型反映区域浑浊特征。SOM神经网络能够从长时序遥感影像中直接提取浑浊水体典型分布模式,分析海岸带地区水体浑浊度变化的时空特征,对了解复杂水体泥沙输运及优化水资源利用具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
13.
Wave group is important in ocean wave theory and applications. In the past, nonlinear interaction among wave groups has been
studied on the basis of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation. Using this theoretical approach, we found that the nonlinear interaction
among wave groups causes asymmetry in the shape of the wave envelope (steeper in the front of the curve of the envelope).
An important consequence of this asymmetry is that the highest wave in a wave group appears one individual wave length ahead
of the center of the wave group. Further results show that the degree of envelope asymmetry increases with increasing spectral
width and the wave steepness. This theoretical analysis has been supplemented by a systematic experimental study of wind waves.
Laboratory and some open sea wave data were analyzed. The results show that the shape of the wind wave envelope of wind waves
has the same asymmetry predicted by the theoretical approach. The observed degree of deformation of the envelope also increases
with increasing spectral width and the wave steepness as predicted by theory. These conclusions have important ramifications
for practical applications of ocean wave theory. 相似文献
14.
以CCMP（Cross—Calibrated,Multi—Platfoml）风场为驱动场,分别驱动目前国际先进的第3代海浪模式ww3（WAVEWATCH—III）、SWAN（Simulating WAves Nearshore）,对2010年9月发生在东中国海的台风“圆规”所致的台风浪进行数值模拟,就台风浪的特征进行分析,并对比分析两个海浪模式的模拟效果。结果表明：1）以CCMP风场分别驱动WW3、SWAN海浪模式,可以较好地模拟发生在东中国海的台风浪,风向与波向保持了大体一致,波高与风速的分布特征保持了很好的一致性;2）综合相关系数、偏差、均方根误差、平均绝对误差来看,两个模式模拟的有效波高（SWH—Significant Wdve Height）都具有较高精度,SWAN模拟的SWH略低于观测值,WW3模拟的SWH与观测值更为接近;3）台风浪可给琉球群岛海域带来5m左右的大浪,台风浪进入东海后,波高、风速都有一定程度的增加,当台风沿西北路径穿越朝鲜半岛时,受到半岛地形的巨大影响,风速和波高都明显降低。 相似文献
15.
针对传统海浪建模方法中存在海洋表面真实感差、计算复杂的问题,本文进行了基于光滑粒子流体动力学算法（SPH）与移动立方体算法（MC）相结合的海浪建模仿真研究。通过基于空间网格的粒子分配,建立了粒子群单向列表存储结构,在海浪粒子物理量计算时,实现了其光滑核半径内粒子群的快速检索,并基于拉格朗日流体控制方程,进行了海浪粒子受力分析及状态计算;在模拟海浪与环境障碍物碰撞时,将碰撞问题简化为粒子在一定时间段内所经过的路径与障碍物表面三角面片是否相交来进行判定,并假设粒子为理想刚体,采用改进的欧拉方法实现了粒子新位置的动态计算;为增强海浪流体模拟的真实感,在移动立方体节点密度动态计算基础上,依据确定的海浪表面密度阈值,耦合MC算法进行了海浪表面的动态提取,从而实现了海浪三维表面建模与动态演变仿真。通过模拟验证了该算法的时效性与可行性,可为海洋环境信息三维可视化提供一定的参考。 相似文献
16.
Considering the dependent relationship among wave height, wind speed, and current velocity, we construct novel trivariate joint probability distributions via Archimedean copula functions. Total 30-year data of wave height, wind speed, and current velocity in the Bohai Sea are hindcast and sampled for case study. Four kinds of distributions, namely, Gumbel distribution, lognormal distribution, Weibull distribution, and Pearson Type III distribution, are candidate models for marginal distributions of wave height, wind speed, and current velocity. The Pearson Type III distribution is selected as the optimal model. Bivariate and trivariate probability distributions of these environmental conditions are established based on four bivariate and trivariate Archimedean copulas, namely, Clayton, Frank, Gumbel-Hougaard, and Ali-Mikhail-Haq copulas. These joint probability models can maximize marginal information and the dependence among the three variables. The design return values of these three variables can be obtained by three methods: univariate probability, conditional probability, and joint probability. The joint return periods of different load combinations are estimated by the proposed models. Platform responses (including base shear, overturning moment, and deck displacement) are further calculated. For the same return period, the design values of wave height, wind speed, and current velocity obtained by the conditional and joint probability models are much smaller than those by univariate probability. Considering the dependence among variables, the multivariate probability distributions provide close design parameters to actual sea state for ocean platform design. 相似文献
17.
Using the wave model WAVEWATCH III(WW3), we simulated the generation and propagation of typhoon waves in the South China Sea and adjacent areas during the passage of typhoon Nesat(2011). In the domain 100°–145°E and 0°–35°N, the model was forced by the cross-calibrated multi-platform(CCMP) wind fi elds of September 15 to October 5, 2011. We then validated the simulation results against wave radar data observed from an oil platform and altimeter data from the Jason-2 satellite. The simulated waves were characterized by fi ve points along track using the Spectrum Integration Method(SIM) and the Spectrum Partitioning Method(SPM), by which wind sea and swell components of the 1D and 2D wave spectra are separated. There was reasonable agreement between the model results and observations, although the WW3 wave model may underestimate swell wave height. Signifi cant wave heights are large along the typhoon track and are noticeably greater on the right of the track than on the left. Swells from the east are largely unable to enter the South China Sea because of the obstruction due to the Philippine Islands. During the initial stage and later period of the typhoon, swells at the fi ve points were generated by the propagation of waves that were created by typhoons Haitang and Nalgae. Of the two methods, the 2D SPM method is more accurate than the 1D SIM which overestimates the separation frequency under low winds, but the SIM method is more convenient because it does not require wind speed and wave direction. When the typhoon left the area, the wind sea fractions decreased rapidly. Under similar wind conditions, the points located in the South China Sea are affected less than those points situated in the open sea because of the infl uence of the complex internal topography of the South China Sea. The results reveal the characteristic wind sea and swell features of the South China Sea and adjacent areas in response to typhoon Nesat, and provide a reference for swell forecasting and offshore structural designs. 相似文献
18.
ZHENGGuizhen SHENGLifang CONGPeixiu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(2):123-128
A mechanism is suggested in this paper concerning the effect of non-uniform current on the spectrum of short wind waves. According to this mechanism, a non-uniform current brings changes to the breaking criteria of short wind waves through modulating the surface drift, and hence enhances or weakens wave breaking. Some modification is proposed to the source term, which represents the spectral rate of wave energy dissipation due to wave breaking so that the source term can incorporate this mechanism. In order to illustrate whether this mechanism is significant, a real case is studied, in which the wind waves propagate on a tidal current flowing over the sea bottom covered with sand waves. Finally, the effect of the new mechanism on the equilibrium spectrum of small scale gravity waves is discussed. Numerical estimates suggest that, for water depths less than 50 m and wavelengths less than 1 m, this current field may result in distinct spatial variations of the wave breaking criteria, the spectral rate of wave energy dissipation and the equilibrium spectrum of short gravity waves. 相似文献
19.
Wave effect on the ocean circulations through mass transport and wave-induced pumping 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The wave Coriolis-Stokes-Force-modified ocean momentum equations are reviewed in this paper and the wave Stokes transport is pointed out to be part of the ocean circulations. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year reanalysis data (ERA-40 data) and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) version 2.2.4 data, the magnitude of this transport is compared with that of wind-driven Sverdrup transport and a 5-to-10-precent contribution by the wave Stokes transport is found. Both transports are stronger in boreal winter than in summers. The wave effect can be either contribution or cancellation in different seasons. Examination with Kuroshio transport verifies similar seasonal variations. The clarification of the efficient wave boundary condition helps to understand the role of waves in mass transport. It acts as surface wind stress and can be functional down to the bottom of the ageostrophic layer. The pumping velocities resulting from wave-induced stress are zonally distributed and are significant in relatively high latitudes. Further work will focus on the model performance of the wave-stress-changed-boundary and the role of swells in the eastern part of the oceans. 相似文献
20.
A new model on the directional spectrum of wind waves for deep water is proposed based on the statistics of wind waves. This
model contains three parameters: the wave age, the inverse spectral bandwidth and the local spectral-peak angular frequency.
The inverse spectral bandwidth is a robust parameter for describing the spectral steepness of wind waves. Using the inverse
spectral bandwidth parameter, the proposed model can well describe various observations obtained from the open ocean and laboratory
tank. 相似文献