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1.
2013年7月10日,四川省汶川县映秀镇境内的麻柳沟流域暴发了大规模的泥石流灾害,给当地人民的生命财产安全造成了巨大的影响。在对麻柳沟流域野外实地调查的基础上,研究了麻柳沟流域泥石流的形成条件与动力学特征,评价了其泥石流的危险性,探讨了它们的发展趋势与防治对策。结果表明:在未来相当长的一段时期内,麻柳沟流域都将处于泥石流活跃期,在雨季强降雨的条件下,发生具有较大破坏力与危害性的中等及较大规模泥石流灾害的可能性仍然较大。因此,提出了生物与工程相结合的防治措施、选取合理的设计参数及提高泥石流的设防标准、加强监测与预警与普及泥石流基础知识等防治对策来减轻该流域的泥石流灾害。   相似文献   

2.
泥石流沟建起了拦挡坝,滑坡山体被“加固”,灾害危险区竖起了警示牌,应急避险卡送到家,监测责任明确到人……
　　近年来,辉县市加大地质灾害防治力度,重视汛期地质灾害气象预警预报,抓好地质灾害群测群防,构建汛期地质灾害防治体系,及时发现和消除地质灾害隐患,有力保护了人民群众生命财产安全,为百姓筑起了一道生命防线,地质灾害防治工作取得了显著成效。  相似文献   

3.
四川石棉熊家沟曾于2013年7月4日爆发泥石流,该次泥石流物源类型多样、形成机理复杂,并发生堵塞主河的次生灾害链,具有代表性。通过研究,本次泥石流是在强降雨条件下,以中上游沟道松散物为启动点、沿程下切拉槽、崩滑不断参与运动的一场由自然因素形成的地质灾害。泥石流形成因素分为强降雨、沟道物源启动、崩滑规模扩大3个方面。参与熊家沟泥石流启动汇集的物质来源为沟道物源和崩滑物源,其中,沟道物源量占总量的81.55%。物源补给以沟道松散物为主,崩滑直接提供物源量小分散。经过“7·04”灾害后,流域沟道淤积抬升,形成新的沟道松散物,为下次泥石流埋下了隐患。熊家沟泥石流的成灾模式类型多样,表现为淤积抬高、撞击冲毁、堵塞主河、淹没上游。通过堵河经验公式判别,“7·04”熊家沟泥石流的形成特征极易发生堵河,当地政府与防灾减灾部门应有的放矢做好地质灾害防治工作。   相似文献   

4.
目前对谷坊、拦砂坝、排导槽等治理措施研究较多,但对滑坡型泥石流的治理研究较少.２００８年９月２４日,四川省北川县陈家坝乡黄土梁发生特大滑坡,诱发其下游的２＃ 沟发生特大泥石流,导致沟口１０３国道被掩埋,堵塞都坝河.为防止泥石流再次发生,对２
＃ 沟泥石流进行了工程治理及治理效果评价.治理措施采用“２＃ 沟中游４座浅拦坝＋２＃ 支沟中游３座浅拦坝＋下游起点设置总长３４．７m 束流堤,总长１５６．４m 排导槽,终点设置总长２２．１m 导流堤,排导槽与１０３国道相交处,采用桥梁工程跨越排导槽”,中游和下游统筹的治理方案,并分析了各分项治理工程的作用.与２００８年９月２４日暴雨相比,２０１３年８月７日和２０１６年７月２１日２次强降雨活动未发生泥石流灾害,验证了黄土梁２＃ 沟泥石流防治工程效果较好,为类似滑坡型泥石流工程防治提供了参考.   相似文献   

5.
栖霞市生木树泥石流隐患点为烟台市471处地质灾害隐患点其中1处,曾于1979年7月因暴雨引发泥石流灾害,给当地村民造成严重经济损失。以该泥石流沟流域作为研究区,并以区内泥石流发育的自然环境、基本特征及形成泥石流的地质条件、物源条件和水源条件等勘察成果为基础,综合分析区内泥石流发育特征、类型、形成机理、引发因素,并选取相关参数对泥石流基本特征值进行计算,为同类型泥石流的防治提供科学依据。综合研究确定区内泥石流易发程度为轻度易发,现阶段泥石流沟发展阶段为发展期,泥石流灾害趋于相对稳定,但一旦遭遇暴雨至特大暴雨,可能会再次引发泥石流地质灾害。  相似文献   

6.
汶川地震使文家沟内产生大型滑坡并解体成碎屑流堆积在沟道内,成为一条高频泥石流沟,在后期降雨作用下发生了多次泥石流灾害。根据文家沟泥石流的特点,采取了“水沙分离、固护拦停、监测维护”的治理措施进行综合治理,使泥石流起动方式由碎屑堆积体冲刷侵蚀转变为支沟沟床起动。治理后文家沟4个雨季内共发生了3次泥石流,治理工程有效减小了泥石流的规模和危害,但引水截流的实施也伴随了上游清淤等长期性的问题,需进一步重视。通过获得的降雨参数建立了文家沟泥石流临界雨量阈值模型,实施治理工程后泥石流临界雨量有明显提高,并逐年缓慢增长。   相似文献   

7.
文章以湖南省南部白岭沟泥石流灾害为例,对其运动规律进行了计算分析,提出了有针对性的综合治理措施,对历史上没有观测资料的泥石流灾害的治理具有一定的指导意义.  相似文献   

8.
中巴公路是一条连接中国西北部与巴基斯坦北部的高原公路。根据野外考察与统计分析,选取暴发频率、流域面积、堆
积扇体积、估计一次冲出量、植被覆盖率、沟道坡角及海拔7个主要控制因素,采用多因子综合评价法对公路沿线的8条典型冰川
泥石流沟的危险性进行了评估,并将评估结果与它们在2010及2011的两年里实际发生冰川泥石流情况进行了对比。对比结果
表明:多因素综合评估法评估的中巴公路沿线典型冰川泥石流沟的危险等级与实际发生情况吻合较好,因而多因素综合评估法在
灾害危险性评估方面具有很好的应用前景。   相似文献   

9.
正我国山洪/泥石流灾害点多面广、发生频繁,由于其突发性强、成灾快、破坏性强、预报预警难、防御难度大,山洪灾害造成的人员伤亡和基础设施、生态环境破坏问题十分突出。在气候变化和人类活动日益加剧的背景下,系统开展山洪灾害发生的原因、特点和规律分析,深入研究暴雨-洪水-灾害发生的相关理论,探索山洪/泥石流灾害预警预报的理论与技术,可为国家山洪/泥石流灾害防治提供必要支撑。本刊特此围绕  相似文献   

10.
<正>中国地形地貌类型复杂,山丘区面积约占全国陆地总面积的2/3,是世界上山洪/泥石流灾害最严重的国家之一。随着地理信息系统、高分辨率遥感、无人机遥感、移动互联、物联网、大数据等技术的出现、发展和广泛应用,山洪/泥石流灾害领域面临新的发展机遇和挑战,将给山洪/泥石流监测、风险评价与数值模拟的理论、方法、技术研究创造了便利条件。以地图为载体的传统山洪/泥石流风险评价方式很难适应多维度灾害信息的获取、管理、计算、表达和应用的需求,主要体现在:(1)小流域山洪/泥石流灾害成因困境:由于小流域降水等资料不足,降水与下垫面作用过程复杂且差异较大,对山洪/泥石流成因机理认识不清;(2)中国  相似文献   

11.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(2):329-339
Debris-flow disasters occurred frequently after the Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Based on historical accounts of debris-flow disaster events, it found that debris flow occurrence is closely related to the impact of earthquakes and droughts, because earthquakedrought activities can increase the loose solid materials, which can transform into debris flows under the effect of rainstorms. Based on the analysis of historical earthquake activity(frequency, magnitude and location), drought indexes and the trend of climate change(amount of rainfall), a prediction method was established, and the regional debris flow susceptibility was predicted. Furthermore, in a debris flow-susceptible site, effective warning and monitoring are essential not only from an economicpoint of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. The advantages of the prediction and early monitoring include(1) the acquired results being sent to the central government for policy making;(2) lives and property in mountainous areas can be protected, such as the 570 residents in the Aizi valley, who evacuated successfully before debris flows in 2012;(3) guiding the government to identify the areas of disasters and the preparation for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as predicting disasters in high-risk areas in the period 2012-2017, helping the government to recognize the development trend of disasters;(4) the quantitative prediction of regional debris-flow susceptibility, such as after the Wenchuan earthquake, can promote scientific and sustainable development and socioeconomic planning in earthquake-struck areas.  相似文献   

12.
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan of China was the result of quake-triggering along an active several hundred-kilometer-long fault. The subsequent landslides and debris flow geohazards are dominating factors in planning post-disaster recovery and rebuilding. This paper presents recommendations for coping with large-scale geohazards and disasters. It is essential to establish a national emergency management system for huge scale catastrophe and earthquake precursor identification. Town construction must be kept away from active faults, especially to improve town safety in areas with high risk of seismic and geological hazards, and it is important to improve geohazard investigation and remediation for mountain areas that have become loosened by earthquake activity. Geological factors must be better understood to reduce direct and secondary risks and effects of earthquakes. Site selections for public relocation require clear and informed analysis of geological and social risk reduction, so that relocation, infrastructure reconstruction, and commemorative relic-sites can be protected.  相似文献   

13.
In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency of warning systems. Effective warning systems are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempts to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Different warning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, triggering warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow-susceptible site for further monitoring. Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazard warnings. In addition to these warnings, community-based knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.  相似文献   

14.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(1):156-172
Loose deposits, rainfall and topography are three key factors that triggering debris flows.However, few studies have investigated the effects of loose deposits on the whole debris flow process.On June 28, 2012, a catastrophic debris flow occurred in the Aizi Valley, resulting in 40 deaths.The Aizi Valley is located in the Lower Jinsha River,southwestern Sichuan Province, China. The Aizi Valley debris flow has been selected as a case for addressing loose deposits effects on the whole debris flow process through remote sensing, field investigation and field experiments. Remote sensing interpretation and laboratory experiments were used to obtain the distribution and characteristics of the loose deposits, respectively. A field experiment was conducted to explore the mechanics of slope debris flows, and another field investigation was conducted to obtain the processes of debris flow formation, movement and amplification. The results showed that loose deposits preparation, slope debris flow initiation,gully debris flow confluence and valley debris flow amplification were dominated by the loose deposits.Antecedent droughts and earthquake activities may have increased the potential for loose soil sources in the Aizi Valley, which laid the foundation for debris flow formation. Slope debris flow initiated under rainfall, and the increase in the water content as well as the pore water pressure of the loose deposits were the key factors affecting slope failure. The nine gully debris flows converged in the valley, and the peak discharge was amplified 3.3 times due to a blockage and outburst caused by a large boulder. The results may help in predicting and assessing regional debris flows in dry-hot and seismic-prone areas based on loose deposits, especially considering large boulders.  相似文献   

15.
A debris flow forecast model based on a water-soil coupling mechanism that takes the debrisflow watershed as a basic forecast unit was established here for the prediction of disasters at the watershed scale.This was achieved through advances in our understanding of the formation mechanism of debris flow.To expand the applicable spatial scale of this forecasting model,a method of identifying potential debris flow watersheds was used to locate areas vulnerable to debris flow within a forecast region.Using these watersheds as forecasting units and a prediction method based on the water-soil coupling mechanism,a new forecasting method of debris flow at the regional scale was established.In order to test the prediction ability of this new forecasting method,the Sichuan province,China was selected as a study zone and the large-scale debris flow disasters attributable to heavy rainfall in this region on July 9,2013 were taken as the study case.According to debris flow disaster data on July 9,2013 which were provided by the geo-environmental monitoring station of Sichuan province,there were 252 watersheds in which debris flow events actually occurred.The current model predicted that 265 watersheds were likely to experience a debris flow event.Among these,43 towns including 204 debrisflow watersheds were successfully forecasted and 24 towns including 48 watersheds failed.The false prediction rate and failure prediction rate of thisforecast model were 23% and 19%,respectively.The results show that this method is more accurate and more applicable than traditional methods.  相似文献   

16.
A probabilistic view of debris flow   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
  相似文献   

17.
In the Wenchuan Earthquake area,many co-seismic landslides formed blocking-dams in debris flow channels. This blocking and bursting of landslide dams amplifies the debris flow scale and results in severe catastrophes. The catastrophic debris flow that occurred in Qipan gully(Wenchuan,Southwest China) on July 11,2013 was caused by intense rainfall and upstream cascading bursting of landslide dams. To gain an understanding of the processes of dam bursting and subsequent debris flow scale amplification effect,we attempted to estimate the bursting debris flow peak discharges along the main gully and analyzed the scale amplification process. The results showed that the antecedent and triggering rainfalls for 11 July debris flow event were 88.0 mm and 21.6 mm,respectively. The event highlights the fact that lower rainfall intensity can trigger debris flows after the earthquake. Calculations of the debris flow peak discharge showed that the peak discharges after the dams-bursting were 1.17–1.69 times greater than the upstream peak discharge. The peak discharge at the gully outlet reached 2553 m~3/s which was amplified by 4.76 times in comparison with the initial peak discharge in the upstream. To mitigate debris flow disasters,a new drainage channel with a trapezoidal V-shaped cross section was proposed. The characteristic lengths(h1 and h2) under optimal hydraulic conditions were calculated as 4.50 m and 0.90 m,respectively.  相似文献   

18.
Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossible to construct engineering structures in all debris flow areas in a short period. Therefore, the government aims to gradually develop non-structural preventive strategies, including evacuation planning, debris flow disaster emergency action system, disaster resistant community program, recruitment of debris flow professional volunteers, debris flow warning systems, and land management strategies, to mitigate disasters and secure the safety of residents. This review describes the processes and effects of recent debris flow non-structural preventive strategies in Taiwan. The average number of casualties prior to the year 2000 was far higher than the corresponding number after 2000 because debris flow evacuation drills have been promoted since 2000 and the debris flow disaster emergency action system has been progressively improved since 2002. Furthermore, the changes in risks caused by debris flow disasters before and after the implementation of non-structural preventive strategies were used to explain the effectiveness of these strategies at the community level. The results showed that software-based non-structural preventive strategies can effectively reduce the casualties caused by debris flows at both the national and community levels.  相似文献   

19.
Debris flows are among the most common geological disasters in China,and have been particularly frequent in Sichuan Province since the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008.The construction of debris flow drainage channels is a countermeasure used to distribute debris flow fans,and these channels play a critical role in the mitigation and prevention of damage resulting from debris flows.Under field conditions,the useful life of drainage channels can be greatly shortened as a result of strong abrasions to the drainage structure caused by the debris flow.Field investigations have shown that the types of damage to drainage channels include（a） erosion caused by hyper-concentrated silt flow,（b） impact fractures and foundation scour at the groundsills of the drainage channel,（c） destruction of the drainage channel outlet,and（d） destruction of the drainage channel caused by debris flow abrasion.In addition,based on the destruction of the drainage channel during the debris flow drainage process,a new type of drainage channel with energy dissipation components was proposed and applied in a steep,narrow gully for debris flow mitigation.Moreover,design and engineering repair recommendations for drainage channels are provided as a reference for repairing the damage to the channel.The results can provide an important reference for the effective repair and optimal design of drainage channels.  相似文献   

20.
汶川地震地质灾害遥感调查与空间特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用多源遥感数据、DEM数据和地形图等资料,对汶川地震地质灾害遥感进行了解译和调查。查明了汶川县境内地震地质灾害体的位置、类型、规模、边界等形态特征;论述了地震崩滑地质灾害溃滑型、溃崩型、抛射型、剥皮型、震裂型遥感影像特征;分析了汶川县境内地震地质灾害与地震断裂带、河谷地貌、高程、坡度、岩性等空间分布关系。研究表明,多源数据在地震地质灾害详细调查中具有采集范围广、速度快,可解译程度高、时效性高等优势,能较快、较好地应用于地震地质灾害突发性、区域性地震地质灾害遥感调查工作。  相似文献   

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