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1.
掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显,澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差,沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关,大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性,表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。  相似文献   

2.
澳门附近海域沉积物污染状况及特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显。澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差。沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关。大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性。表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。  相似文献   

3.
于2005年8月对湛江港附近海域潮间带的海水、表层沉积物和贝类体内的重金属进行了分析,结果表明:海水中的砷优于海水水质Ⅰ类标准,而汞、铜、锌、铅、镉均有不同程度的污染,其中铜、铅、镉污染较为严重,均劣于海水水质Ⅳ类标准;表层沉积物中砷的含量低于全国海岸带背景值,而汞、铜、锌、铅、镉均高于全国海岸带背景值,其标准指数分别为1.35、1.66、1.50、2.08、3.10,汞、铜略高于海洋沉积物质量标准第一类标准,有轻微污染,砷、锌、铅均低于海洋沉积物质量标准第一类标准,未受污染,而镉略高于海洋沉积物质量标准第二类标准,环境受镉污染。各元素在各站点的分布没有规律性。牡蛎和蛤仔体内各重金属含量均优于海洋生物污染评价标准和人体消费卫生标准,其卫生质量良好。  相似文献   

4.
介绍了我国海洋倾废的历史、发展过程和管理现状 ,分析了海洋倾倒的现状和面临的困难。文章还提出通过高新技术把疏浚泥迅速转化为再生资源进行利用和污染土无害化处理技术 ,从根本上减少疏浚泥海洋倾倒的数量和缓减海洋倾倒区紧张的状况 ,减少对海洋环境的污染  相似文献   

5.
对长岛北四岛海洋牧场海域101个表层沉积物和102个表层海水样进行取样调查,开展表层沉积物类型、粒度、表层沉积物和海水重金属等指标分析测试,采用单因子污染指数法、富集系数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价该区表层沉积物潜在生态风险,采用海水水质分类和单因子污染指数法评价表层海水污染情况。表层沉积物结果表明:沉积物为泥质砂质砾、砾质泥质砂、砾质泥、含砾泥质砂、砂、粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂,平均粒径介于2.44~5.44Ф;Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr、硫化物和石油类都符合第一类标准,属于清洁沉积物;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As富集系数均<1,处于低度污染水平;Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As单项潜在生态危害系数Eir介于0.56~30.71之间,RI均值为66.27,远低于低度生态危害的划分标准值。表层海水结果表明:21个站位受到Hg污染,略高于第一类标准,满足第二类标准,主要位于研究区西北部、西中部和东北部海域,其余指标均符合规定第一类标准;Hg、Cu和Zn含量处于较清洁环境范围内,As、COD、石油类、Pb、Cr和Cd含量处于自然本底环境。根据海底沉积物和海水分析结果得出,长岛北四岛海域海洋牧场规划区底质和水质环境适宜建设海洋牧场。  相似文献   

6.
考洲洋化学耗氧量(COD)的含量特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1999年2月和8月对考洲洋海水、表层沉积物COD含量进行了调查研究.结果表明考洲洋海水COD含量为0.82~2.71 mg·L-1,表层沉积物COD含量为0.44~10.45 mg·L-1,其水质质量达到我国国家二类海水水质标准(COD<3 mg·L-1).海水与表层沉积物COD含量平面分布总的呈西北部水域和湾中部水域向湾口降低的趋势.表层沉积物COD含量与有机质、硫化物含量呈显著的正相关(P<0.05).与粤东邻近的网箱养殖水域比较,海水COD含量居中,表层沉积物COD含量较低.  相似文献   

7.
中国海洋倾废历史与管理现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了我国海洋倾废的历史、发展过程和管理现状,分析了海洋倾倒的现状和面临的困难。文章还提出通过高新技术把疏浚泥迅速转化为再生资源进行利用和污染土无害化处理技术,从根本上减少疏浚泥海洋倾倒的数量和缓减海洋倾倒区紧张的状况,减少对海洋环境的污染。  相似文献   

8.
为将疏浚泥转化为可再利用的材料,以减少疏浚泥海洋倾倒量,利用烧结技术将疏浚泥转 化为建筑材料———轻质陶粒进行再利用,把掺疏浚泥的混合料投入应用性试生产。结果表明,当 混合料中疏浚泥与黏土的比例达到1∶2或1∶3时,烧结温度1160℃,焙烧效果较好,所得陶粒的 颗粒密度较低;陶粒产品的表观密度<450kg/m3,筒压强度>1.2MPa,产品性能符合国家标准;生 产成本基本上没有增加,并可节约耕地,产生一定的环境效益和社会效益。  相似文献   

9.
模拟吹填、疏浚等海上施工过程所产生的底泥悬浮物浓度的变化规律,探讨不同底泥悬浮物浓度下对凡纳滨对虾仔虾成活影响。结果表明:海水中底泥悬浮物浓度超过10mg/L,持续时间超过12h时,将对凡纳滨对虾成活率产生影响,随着悬浮物实验浓度的递加,仔虾的死亡率从13.33%增至96.67%;超过80mg/L,且持续时间超过48h,将对凡纳滨对虾产生严重影响,甚至导致全部仔虾的死亡;悬浮物对凡纳滨对虾的12h、24h、36h和48h半致死量(LC50)分别为54.56、40.29、25.8和19.18mg/L。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】研究水质质量综合评价模型的构建及应用。【方法】根据我国近海海洋环境监测指标和《国家海水水质标准》,运用PCA法,构建近海水质质量的综合评价模型,并给出四类水质综合指数F的量化区间值。【结果】在九龙江及毗邻海域,利用该评价模型开展示范应用研究,计算并绘制水质质量F值的空间分布和平面分布,筛查出污染的关键区域和指标,九龙江口水质质量综合指数F值区间为-1.875~2.570,以三类或四类为主。【结论】评价结果较好反映了九龙江口水质环境实际情况,水质质量综合评价模型可为该海域海洋环境综合治理及利用提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
海水环境质量模糊-灰色关联评价及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据灰色理论,提出对原始数据的初值化采用以水质评价标准为约束的极值化方法,构建了基于线性隶属函数初值化方法的模糊-灰色关联模型,采用水化学和生产力双重指标及可变权重,对深圳湾海域海水环境质量进行了综合评价,并将评价结果与模糊综合评判的评价结果进行比较。评价结果表明,深圳湾海水环境质量属于Ⅳ类水质标准,超出了深圳湾水质管理Ⅲ类水质标准的目标,深圳湾海水已受到严重污染。污染的总体趋势是湾内大于湾口;深圳一侧大于香港一侧;河口、码头处污染最严重,表明陆源活动是深圳湾海水环境质量受损的主要原因。此评价结果不仅与模糊综合评判的评价结果一致,而且还能进一步对评价对象的优劣进行排序,评价结果直观可靠,适用于海洋水环境质量的综合评价。  相似文献   

12.
With the rapid development of the marine economy industry, human exploitation of marine resources is increasing, which is contributing to the growing trend of eutrophication and frequent occurrence of red tide. Accordingly, investigations of seawater quality have attracted a great deal of attention. This study was conducted to construct a seawater environmental quality assessment model based on the variable fuzzy recognition model. The uncertainty and ambiguity of the seawater quality assessment were then considered, combining the monitoring values of evaluation indicators with the standard values of seawater quality. Laizhou Bay was subsequently selected for a case study. In this study, the correct variable model for different parameters was obtained according to the linear and nonlinear features of evaluation objects. Application of the variable fuzzy recognition model for Laizhou Bay, water quality evaluation and comparison with performance obtained using other approaches revealed that the generated model is more reliable than traditional methods, can more reasonably determine the water quality of various samples, and is more suitable for evaluation of a multi-index, multi-level, nonlinear marine environment system; accordingly, the generated model will be an effective tool for seawater quality evaluation.  相似文献   

13.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COASTAL SEA OFF TIANHENG ISLAND   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Chemical characteristics of the coastal sea off Tianheng Island were investigated from May 1990 toFebruary 1991 in this study which included distribution pattern,seasonal variability and the controlling fac-tors of oxygen,pH,nutrients.The rich nutrient salt content is suited for phytoplankton growth andmariculture.The coastal sea waters is of good quality based on the national standard of seawater qual-ity in terms of pH,oxygen,and nutrients,the main controlling factors for which in the investigated seaarea are hydrographic(salinity,temperature,river runoff,etc.),biological(photosynthesis of plankton),andanthrogenic(fertilizing in the nearby land and sea).  相似文献   

14.
Distribution of suspended matter in seawater in the Southern Yellow Sea is investigated in five regions: 1) the Northern Jiangsu bank, the highest TSM (total suspended matter) content region; 2) the high TSM content region off the Changjiang River mouth; 3) the high TSM content region off the Chengshan Cape; 4) the low TSM region off Haizhou Bay; 5) the central part of the Southern Yellow Sea, a low TSM content region. The vertical distribution of TSM is mainly characterized by a spring layer of suspended matter, written as “suspended-cline” whose genesis is related to storms in winter. In this paper, non-combustible components and grain sizes in suspended matter, relationship between suspended matter and bottom sediments, and salinity in seawater are described. Investigation result shows that, in this area, suspended matter comes mainly from resuspended bottom sediment and secondarily from present discharge loads from rivers and biogenic materials. Discharged sediments from the Huanghe River move around the Chengshan Cape and affect the northwestern region of this area. Sediments from the Changjiang River affect only the southern part and have little or no direct influence on the central deep region. Wave is the main factor affecting distribution of suspended matter. Water depth controls the critical depth acted on by waves. The cold water mass in the central region limits horizontal and vertical dispersions of terrigenous materials. Suspended matter here has the transitional properties of the epicontinental sea. Its concentration and composition are different from those of a semi-closed sea (such as the Bohai Sea) and those of the East China Sea outer continental shelf or those near oceanic areas.  相似文献   

15.
Benthic nutrient recycling in shallow coastal waters of the Bohai Sea   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Sediment-water fluxes of N and P species in the Bohai Sea were investigated in September-October 1998 and April-May 1999. The benthic fluxes of nutrient species were determined by incubating sediment core samples with bottom seawater bubbled with air or nitrogen. NO^-2,NH4, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and phosphorus (TDP), and PO4^3- showed a net exchange flux from seawater to sediment, while NO^-3, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and SiO3^2- were released from sediment to seawater in the Bohai Sea. Sediment-water nutrient exchange increases DIN and reduces the phosphorus load in the Bohai Sea. The release of silicate from sediment to overlying seawater reduces potential silicate limitation of primary production resulted from decrease of riverine discharge.The exchange flux of nutrients showed no obvious seasonal variation. The present study showed that the concentrations and composition of nutrients in the water column were affected by suspended sediment, and that not all the exchangeable phosphate in sediment could be released via sediment resuspension.  相似文献   

16.
对凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池水质环境状况进行了研究。结果表明,养殖期间虾池水体透明度前期较高,中后期较低;虾池pH变化在7.89~9.02之间,变化幅度较小。虾池水体悬浮物数量和CODMn随养殖时间延长而持续升高,变化范围分别为18.5~162.3 mg/L和3.52~14.58 mg/L。虾池水体中营养盐各月份波动较大,无机氮的数量变化在0.206~1.621 mg/L之间,含量逐渐升高,磷酸盐数量变化在0.009~0.067 mg/L之间,含量逐渐下降。水环境中N、P比较高,平均为62.7。养殖水体中后期处于严重富营养化状态。  相似文献   

17.
【目的】分析评价2010-2017年嵊泗马鞍列岛保护区海域的水质状况。【方法】采用水质有机污染指数(A)法进行水质有机污染评价,采用富营养化指数(E)法和营养状态质量指数(INQ)法进行水质富营养化评价。【结果】该保护区海域水质化学需氧量(COD)和溶解氧(DO)符合第一类海水水质标准,无机磷(DIP)含量有3个年份符合第一类海水水质标准,其余年份超过第一类但符合第二类海水水质标准,无机氮(DIN)质量浓度超标严重,2015年达到0.674 mg/L;叶绿素a(Chl-a)本底含量较高,适宜条件下使得浮游植物大量繁殖,Chl-a含量急剧上升,并容易诱发赤潮;有机污染指数评价显示,2012-2015年水质有机污染状况达到中度污染以上,并且有3年达到严重污染级别,最大A值为2014年和2015年的4.10,2016年污染最轻,为开始受到污染级别;富营养化指数和营养状态质量指数评价显示,最大E值和INQ值分别为2012年的4.29和2010年的8.59,DIN含量高是富营养化的主要贡献因子。【结论】该保护区海域水质主要污染因子为DIN,水质有机污染状况呈现年度波动状态,水质富营养化较严重。  相似文献   

18.
本文通过2007、2013和2016年3个时相的遥感影像,反演提取水体浊度信息,从较为宏观的角度分析了敖江流域大面积开发建设所引发的水土流失对敖江水质的影响。研究表明,2007年12月,敖江流域尚未有大面积开发,沿岸植被覆盖良好,江水浊度较低,平均约为23 NTU,分布比较均匀;2013年3月,敖江贵安新区处于开发建设期,特别是东雁-海峡段沿岸大片植被为工地裸土所代替,大量沙土流失至江中,使该段江水的浊度比上游高出3倍以上,平均浊度升高37 NTU,最大浊度差可达60 NTU,影响范围可至下游13 km;2016年9月,贵安新区建设基本成型,水土流失大幅减少,敖江整体浊度恢复相对均匀,但东雁-海峡段的平均浊度约39 NTU,仍高出上游5 NTU。其他分散的局部建设,是江水出现高浊度斑块的重要原因。浊度的上升,降低了水体含氧量,导致水质下降。当前中国城市化快速发展,伴随着大量的工程建设,其所致水土流失问题应引起足够重视,并在工程中采取必要控制措施,以降低其对沿江水质的影响。  相似文献   

19.
A new analytical method using Back-Propagation(BP) artificial neural networks and spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in tap water,the Yellow River water and seawater is established.By condition experiment,the optimum analytical conditions for calcium,magnesium and Arsenazo(Ⅲ) color reactions are obtained.Levenberg-Marquart(L-M) algorithm is used for calculation in BP neural network.The topological structure of three-layer BP ANN network architecture is chosen as 11-10-2(nodes).The initial value of gradient coefficient μ is fixed at 0.001 and the increase factor and reduction factor of μ take the default values of the system.The data are processed by computers with our own programs written in MATLAB 7.0.The relative standard deviations of the calculated results for calcium and magnesium are 2.31% and 2.14%,respectively.The results of standard addition method show that the recoveries of calcium and magnesium are 103.6% and 100.8% in the tap water,103.2% and 96.6% in the Yellow River water(Lijin district of Shandong Province),and 98.8%-103.3% and 98.43%-103.4% in seawater from Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao.It is found that 14 common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination of calcium and magnesium under the optimum experimental conditions.The comparative experiments do not show any obvious difference between the results obtained by this new method and those obtained by the classical complexometric titration method in seawater medium.This method exhibits good reproducibility and high accuracy in the determination of calcium and magnesium and can be used for the simultaneous determination of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in tap water and natural water.  相似文献   

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