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1.
青藏高原向北东方向扩展的方式及最新扩展边界的位置,是目前青藏高原东北缘构造变形研究的热点。基于近年来对阿拉善地块南缘及邻区活动构造运动特征调查和定量研究结果,重点总结了阿拉善地块南缘活动断裂几何图像及运动特征,指出以前普遍认为的稳定阿拉善地块内部在新生代晚期发育了一系列规模不等、运动性质各异的活动断裂,这些活动断裂是青藏高原向外扩展过程中新生或先存断裂复活的结果,断裂对区域地貌的控制作用形成了阿拉善地块南缘的地貌和构造边界。综合新生代变形、构造地貌、低温年代学、大地测量与现代地震活动等资料和研究结果,认为青藏高原东北缘新生代中晚期以来发生了有序的向外扩展,形成了两个有重要意义的扩展边界:一是在10 Ma左右形成的以祁连山北缘断裂为主要边界控制构造的、完整清晰的青藏高原东北缘地貌及构造边界;二是在新生代晚期3~2 Ma形成的阿拉善地块南缘与祁连山北缘断裂近平行展布的、主要由逆冲断裂所组成的青藏高原扩展最新边界。在现今构造、地貌格局中,阿拉善地块南缘已成为青藏高原东北缘最新的组成部分。 相似文献
2.
Weimin Li Yongjiang Liu Zhiming Sun Xiaohong Ge Shoumai Ren Junling Pei Sihua Yuang Xinzhuan Guo 《世界地质(英文版)》2006,9(1)
In order to better understand the tectonic evolution of the Qaidam Basin. The authors carried out a paleomagnetic study on 39 samples of 7 sites from Hongsanhan section, northwest Qaidam Basin. Stepwise thermo-demagnetization isolated a high-temperature component (HTC), which passes the fold and reversal tests at 95% confidence level. It suggests that the HTC should be primary. Unblocking temperature (about 685℃) and the experiment of isothermal remanence indicate that hematite is the mainly carrier of the remanence. A tilt-corrected mean direction is: Ds=7.1°, Is=38.5°, α95=7.4°. Corresponding to a palaeopole at, φ＝250.1°E, λ＝72.0°N, A95=6.8°, Compared with the reference APWP of Eurasia, the sampling area occurred a non-significant rotation (3.4°±5.5°) relative to Eurasia since Eocene due to the affect of left-lateral Altyn fault, Based on the paleomagnetic results of early Cretaceous and Teritary within the Qaidam block, we can obtained the mean clockwise rotations from the samples deposited from 160 Ma to 45 Ma is 24.5°±9.0°, and from 38 Ma to present is -0.5°±7.5° relative to present geomagnetism respectively. During the Mid Eocene (45～38 Ma) rotation phase, there should existing an important early tectonic event in northern part of the present-day Tibetan Plateau, which probably represents one of large-scale strike-slip events of the Altyn strike-slip fault. 相似文献
3.
关中盆地巨厚的新生代沉积为研究区域构造、沉积环境演变与古气候变化研究提供了良好的地质记录，但目前对新生界地层划分和第四纪下限问题仍存在争论。基于钻孔和剖面资料，结合古地磁和生物地层，对关中盆地新生界地层进行了梳理和修订，就第四纪下限和新生界地层划分与对比问题进行了探讨。岩性地层、磁性地层、生物地层证据以及气候变化特征等都支持将第四纪下限定在传统三门组的黄三门与绿三门的交界处或风成黄土与红黏土的界线之处，即松山负极性向高斯正极性转换处(M/G)，古地磁年龄为2.6 Ma。基于关中盆地钻孔和剖面的古地磁数据及前人资料，划分了新生界地层，重新厘定了各沉积地层的沉积年代，将新近纪和第四纪沉积分为风成相和河湖相两套同期异相沉积地层序列，风成红黏土的年代延伸到中中新世，建议将中新世的风成堆积命名为段家坡组。这对关中盆地沉积环境形成演化与古气候变化研究、盆地资源开发以及地质工程建设具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
应用X射线衍射对青藏髙原东北缘尖扎盆地加让剖面11.8~5.8 Ma的地层沉积物进行矿物分析,结果表明加让剖面沉积物矿物组分主要包括碎屑矿物、碳酸盐矿物和黏土矿物。其中,以碎屑矿物居多,主要是石英、斜长石、云母类矿物(白云母、黑云母),及少量尖晶石、辉石类矿物(普通辉石、锰钙辉石及顽火辉石等)、金红石、刚玉、磁铁矿、钛磁铁矿、榍石、霞石,偶见锆石、石榴子石、锐钛矿;碳酸盐矿物以方解石居为主,白云石占比较少;黏土矿物中,绿泥石占比最高,还有少量赤铁矿、蛭石和沸石。以全岩矿物指标研究为主,结合加让剖面沉积相演化特点,并以磁化率变化为参考,进行系统的矿物学研究,获得了尖扎盆地在11.8~5.8 Ma蕴含的古气候环境演化大致可分为4个阶段:11.8~10.0 Ma,气候干冷期;10.0~8.6 Ma,气候暖湿波动期;8.6~6.2 Ma,气候温暖湿润期;6.2~5.8 Ma,气候干冷期。在约10.0、8.6、7.2 Ma附近,主要矿物占比及组合特征有明显改变,当时的古环境状况发生急剧变化,可能揭示青藏高原东北缘在10~8 Ma期间广泛发生了一系列较强烈的构造运动,来源于周边山脉的剥蚀使得研究区沉积的近源物质增多,约7.2 Ma之后的古环境演化过程主要受青藏高原构造隆升以及全球气候变冷协同影响。 相似文献
5.
The Qaidam Basin is. a tectonically controlled depression at 2700 m altitude on the northern margin of the Tibet Plateau. A succession of Neogene clastic sediments indicates lake depocentre migration from NW to SE. Towards late Pliocene, evaporative conditions developed with formation of gypsum, halite, celestite, mirabilite and bloedite. Continued deformation through Pleistocene developed a series of NW- SE trending domes and troughs. This setting continued to exert a controlling influence on basin and brine evolution and the progressive development of sulfate to chloride brines as, dry conditions intensified in late Pleistocene, at the end of which, extensive flat floors were formed in Dalangtan, Qarhan and other playas.The, model, which was set up based on the synthetic analyses, divides the fluctuating palaeoclimate since 750ka,B. P. into 11 warm and humid stages and 10 dry and cold stages. The water of the lakes evaporated during the dry-cold periods and were freshened during the warm-humid periods 相似文献
6.
古特提斯洋的构造与演化过程一直是研究热点,很多学者在其产生、扩张、俯冲及闭合的时间上持有不同观点。本次研究中,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术对滇黔桂盆地三叠纪罗楼组碎屑锆石、泥盆纪坡松冲组碎屑独居石进行分析测试,同时结合古生代以来碎屑物源的演化历史,以期确定出古特提斯洋开启与闭合的时间。锆石测试结果显示:者桑地区罗楼组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中在308-396 Ma,440-680 Ma,727-930 Ma,1004-1266 Ma,1400-1880 Ma,2360-2724 Ma;老寨湾地区坡松冲组碎屑独居石U-Pb年龄则主要集中在657-460 Ma和998-798 Ma。通过对比研究区与周围地块的年龄分布特征,联系研究区岩相古地理、古海流以及古流向等地质证据,发现滇黔桂盆地古生代时期碎屑物源在460 Ma左右发生了变化,460 Ma以前碎屑物源主要来自印度北部、喜马拉雅、拉萨、羌塘、海南岛、澳大利亚西部及江南造山带,460 Ma以后碎屑物源主要来自越北古陆、湘粤桂构造山系,云开地区也可能提供了碎屑物源。 相似文献
7.
8.
Lanzhou-Minhe Basin is situated on the middle Qilian orogenic belt. Yanguoxia Formation contains abundance of maroon siltstones, mudstones and red sandstones of the lake facies. These sedimentary rocks recorded the process of the tectonic uplift of Qilian Mountains during the Early Cretaceous. We discovered plentiful dinosaur footprints, worm burrows, bird footprints, worm tracks-trails, ripple marks and cross lamination in the Yanguoxia site. Integrated petrographic studies classified sandstones of Yanguoxia Formation as feldspathic litharenite. All plots in the QFL (Q or Qt, total quartz; F, feldspar; L, lithic grains) and QmFLt (Qm, monocrystalline quartz; Lt, lithic grains plus polycrystalline quartz) diagrams fall in the recycled orogen provenance field and quartzose recycled field, respectively, implying the source occurred the tectonic activity. Furthermore, geochemical study indicates that the Yanguoxia standstone was formed in an unstable continental setting due to the northwards movement of Indian Plate triggered the collision between the Qilian fold belt and the Qinling fold belt. These sediments were derived from a mixed source and then deposited in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Most of the felsic components were derived from the granitoid rocks of the Qilian Mountains due to the rapid and intense uplift during the Early Cretaceous while the mafic components were contributed by the basic and ultrabasic rocks of the rapidly rising ophiolite in the Qilian Mountain area. Bivariant log-log plot of Qp/(F+L) (Qp, polycrystalline quartz) against Q/(F+L) shows that Yanguoxia Formation was deposited in the semi-humid and semi-arid. Moreover, the pollen also exhibits that the environmental condition during the deposition of Yanguoxia Formation was warm and wet, which affirm such environment was benefit to dinosaur survival. Geochemical study also infers that the Yanguoxia Formation was deposited under the oxidizing condition in a shallow marine environment. The minerals identified from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of shale and siltstone samples are 4.74%-33.53% clays, 23.45%-4l.70% carbonates and 33.99%-71.81% quartz, respectively, which infer that depositional conditions remained uniform during the formation of shales or siltstones of Yanguoxia Formation. 相似文献
9.
亚东-谷露裂谷等南北向分布的大型地堑在青藏高原新生代构造演化中发挥着重要作用,该研究对理解青藏高原中南部地堑在第四纪构造演化的地位具有重要意义。基于欧空局Envisat卫星2003~2008年SAR数据,利用SBAS时序InSAR技术,去除地形、大气、轨道等因素的影响,获取亚东-谷露裂谷带及邻区的LOS速度场,并反演亚东-谷露裂谷带的滑动速率和闭锁深度。结果表明,亚东-谷露裂谷带南段与北段具有相同的倾滑速率,均为1 mm/a;其闭锁深度南段为31 km,北段为22 km;其断层倾角南段为52°,北段为40°,与地质结果一致。 相似文献
10.
Introduction A set of reddish clay-silt-sized sediments named red clay underlying the Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence widely distribute in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The thickness of the red clay sediments ranges from decades of meters to over 100 m (Evan et al.1991,Mo and Derbyshire 1991, SUN et al. 1997&1998, DING et al. 1999, GUO et al. 2001, QIANG et al. 2001). Previous studies show that not only loess-paleosol (e.g.LIU et al.1985,AN et al.1990,DING et al.1992),but also red … 相似文献
11.
1 IntroductionEnclosedbyBayankalablockatsouth ,Alashanblockatnorth ,Tarimblockatwest,OrdosatnortheastandSouthChinablocksateast,thenorth easternQinghai Tibetanplateau ,geologicallynamedasQilianblockanditsadjacentarea ,isanidealre gionforstudyingcontinentaldynamics,suchascrustalthickening ,extrusionandblockinteraction(Fig .1 ) .ThetectonicmovementsofnortheasternQinghai Tibetanplateau ,thestrongnappe (thrust ing)movementofnorthernQilianmountainandtheextensiveleft lateralslipalongQilian Hai… 相似文献
12.
DansgaardandothersholdtheviewthatsevereclimaticfluctuationinthelateglacialiscausedbyadjustmentoftheNorthAtlanticcurrent,whichmainlyaffectstheclimateintheNorthAtlanticOCean.ButtherePOrtsabouttheYoungerDryaseventfoundin..varioussedimentsofdifferentplacesprovethatYoungerDryaseventisaclimaticeventoverthegloberatherthanaregion.InrecentyearstherearemanyrePOrtsaboutYoungerDryaleventfoundinmarineandcontinentalsedimentsofmiddlelatitudeinChina.NowitisindubitablethattheYoungerDryaseventexistsinCh… 相似文献
13.
Hongbing Tan Wenbo Rao Jiansheng Chen Zhiguo Su Xiaoxu Sun Xiaoyan Liu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(4):357-364
Due to the extremely arid climate in the western Qaidam Basin, the groundwater almost becomes the single water source for
local residents and industrial production. It is necessary to know the reliable information on the groundwater cycle in this
region for reasonable and sustainable exploitation of the groundwater resources with the further execution of recycling economy
policies. This study focused on the recharge, the flow rate and the discharge of groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin through
investigations on water chemistry and isotopes. Hydrological, chemical and isotopic characteristics show that the groundwater
in the western Qaidam Basin was recharged by meltwater from new surface snow and old bottom glaciers on the northern slope
of the Kunlun Mountains. In addition, the results also prove that the source water is enough and stable, and the rates of
the circulation and renewal of the groundwater are relatively quick. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater resources
would guarantee the regional requirement if the meltwater volume of the mountains has not a great changes in future, moreover,
water exploitation should be limited to the renewable amount of the groundwater reservoir in the western Qaidam Basin. 相似文献
14.
天山造山带位于中亚造山带西南缘,是探索中亚造山带增生造山过程的重要窗口。西北天山是伊犁地块与准噶尔地块的结合部位,保存了两者之间构造演化的重要地质信息。出露于伊犁地块北缘别珍套山的泥盆系是记录西北天山晚古生代早期构造演化过程的重要载体。基于此,对中泥盆统汗吉尕组砂岩进行岩相学和LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与微量元素研究。结果表明:碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄介于500~370 Ma,并可以分为两期,主峰年龄为386 Ma,次峰年龄为490 Ma,结合岩相学和锆石微量元素特征,汗吉尕组砂岩的物源主要为晚古生代早期中酸性岩浆岩和早古生代早—中期中基性岩浆岩。综合分析认为,汗吉尕组于中泥盆世晚期沉积于弧前盆地沉积构造环境,物源主要为伊犁地块北缘的古生代岩浆弧,暗示伊犁地块北缘在晚古生代早期受准噶尔洋向南俯冲作用影响,为活动大陆边缘。 相似文献
15.
南川地区自下古生界海相页岩成气以来,遭受了强烈的构造改造作用,致使页岩气富集规律复杂。为揭示南川地区中新生代构造变形对页岩气富集的制约,通过构造精细解析,以及对演化时序和页岩气富集主控因素的分析,构建了结构模式,恢复了中新生代构造演化过程,厘定了页岩气富集主控因素,进而分析了构造样式与页岩气富集模式的响应关系。研究表明,南川地区整体构造变形自东向西逐渐减弱,存在北段强烈冲断褶皱-断展-断滑、南段强烈冲断褶皱-断滑两种前展式结构模式。中燕山期,主体NE向构造发育,平桥、东胜构造形成,至中燕山期末期,受金佛山隆起以及南川-遵义断层的作用,南段发生构造叠加与改造,早期NE向构造演化为北倾单斜,并在南川-遵义断层东侧发育近南北向阳春沟背斜。受差异构造变形作用,北段断褶带发育背斜型富页岩气构造样式,外缘带为单斜型构造样式,而南段构造叠加带则发育单斜型和背斜型构造样式。页岩气整体保存条件受构造变形方式制约,北段页岩气保存条件由东向西逐渐变好,而南段页岩气保存条件较为复杂,其中北段的低角度单斜、宽缓背斜、较宽缓背斜3类构造样式为有利的页岩气富集构造。 相似文献
16.
自新生代印度板块的块持续碰撞与俯冲作用下，青藏高原经历了快速隆升与复杂的岩石圈改造过程，但高原现今的垂向动力学机制和地壳形变特征仍然存在争议。基于非均一有效弹性厚度的挠曲模型，利用地形和地球重力场模型数据，计算了青藏高原及邻区的挠曲均衡重力异常。结果显示，青藏高原的均衡重力异常在-120~90 mGal之间，高原中部为明显的正异常特征，边缘为显著的均衡负异常。极小值出现在青藏高原西北部及其相邻的帕米尔高原，极大值则出现在与之紧邻的喜马拉雅块体西北部。此外，在青藏高原北面和东面，塔里木盆地和四川盆地显示出大片的均衡正异常。这些特征说明青藏高原及邻区地壳现今处于非均衡的状态，在板块碰撞挤压作用下，老的块体地壳整体发生抬升，导致了均衡正异常特征；而年轻的造山区域，地壳形变主要表现为地表抬升与下地壳强烈增厚，形成了均衡负异常。在高原中部和北部，均衡调整方向与地壳垂向运动趋势相一致；但在高原南面（喜马拉雅块体）和东面（四川盆地），均衡调整方向与地表形变观测结果相反。这说明印度板块碰撞与俯冲仍然控制着青藏高原南部、东部及其相邻块体的地壳形变过程，然而在更北的区域，地壳正通过均衡调整恢复均衡状态。 相似文献
17.
REN Shoumai LIU Yongjiang GE Xiaohong . Strategic Research Center of Oil & Gas Resources Ministry of L & Resources Beijing China . College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun China 《东北亚地学研究》2009,(3):145-155
The latest sharp uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent mountains occurred at the end of the early Pleistocene. The uplift of the Plateau resulted from Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic compressional structure due to the subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the Asian continent. This event definitively effected the formation of basin-mountain relief, Cenozoic basin deformation, large scale aridity and desertification of western China. The Australasian meteorites impact event happened ca. 0.8 Ma ago, located in the triangle area of the Indian Ocean ridge （20°S/67°E）. The impact may have resulted in an acceleration of speeding of the Indian Ocean ridge pushing the Indian Plate to subduct rapidly northward. Thus, the impact event can give reasonable explanation for the dynamic background of the latest rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the continental deformation of western China and even of the Middle Asia. 相似文献
18.
对渭河盆地新生界及其年代的讨论 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
秦岭造山带北缘的渭河盆地，新生界十分发育．前人建立了盆地地层系统．随着地质成果的不断积累，原有的地层系统需要重新整理。在前人工作基础上，根据新的全球变化研究资料和数据，对渭河盆地新生界部分地层的年代做了重新认识。认为红河组形成于古近纪中始新世-晚始新世；白鹿塬组形成于古近纪晚始新世-早渐新世；冷水沟组形成于新近纪中新世早期；寇家村组形成于新近纪中新世中期；灞河组形成于新近纪中新世晚期。蓝田组和游河组不存在层位上下关系，它们可能是地史时期形成的同期异相沉积；三门组的上界年代在不同的地区各不相同，表明古三门湖的消亡时代不同的地区存有差异。蓝田组和游河组形成时期，研究区地形地貌发生分异，表现为地形凸起和凹陷并存，凸起堆积风成沉积，凹陷接受湖泊沉积，这一地貌格局很可能自7．3Ma B．P．以来，一直持续到0．15Ma B．P．，黄土高原的风尘堆积与古三门湖并存的地貌格局是新近纪晚中新世最晚期至0．15Ma B．P．以来研究区重要的地质事件之一，它是当时研究区区域构造运动作用的结果。 相似文献
19.
辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区新生代断裂特征与圈闭类型 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对辽河盆地西部凹陷北部地区构造特征研究,将新生代盆地划分为初始裂陷、伸展断陷、挤压拗陷3个演化阶段。新生代构造以张性断裂为主,兼具走滑和反转特征,其中,沙四、沙三期为伸展断裂系统,沙一、沙二至东营期为走滑断裂系统,馆陶期为挤压断裂系统。沙箱模拟实验证明,挤压反转构造受断层下盘施力方式控制,与基底走滑作用有关,伸展断裂控制的断鼻状构造和挤压背斜构造是高升斜坡带和牛心坨隆起带上较为有利的目标优选类型。 相似文献
20.
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