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1.
Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide results in a decrease in seawater pH, a process known as "ocean acidification". The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis, and the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis are species of economic and ecological importance along the southern coast of China. We evaluated the effects of seawater acidification on clearance, respiration, and excretion rates in these three species. The animals were reared in seawater at pH 8.1 (control), 7.7, or 7.4. The clearance rate was highest at pH 7.7 for P. fucata and at pH 8.1 for C. nobilis and P. viridis. The pH had little effecton the respiration rate of P. fucata and P. viridis. In contrast, the respiration rate was significantly lower atpH 7.4 in C. nobilis. The excretion rate was significantly lower at pH 7.4 than pH 8.1 for all species. Theresults indicate that the reduction in seawater pH likely affected the metabolic process (food intake, oxygenconsumption, and ammonia excretion) of these bivalves. Different species respond differently to seawateracidification. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the exact mechanisms for this effect and evaluateadaptability of these bivalves to future acidified oceans. 相似文献
2.
Weimin Wang Guangxing Liu Tianwen Zhang Hongju Chen Liao Tang Xuewei Mao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(6):1073-1079
To investigate the effects of elevated seawater pCO2 on the early developmental stages of marine benthic calcifying organisms, we exposed the eggs and larvae of Argopecten irradias, an important bivalve species in Chinese aquaculture, in seawater equilibrated with CO2-enriched (1000 ppm) gas mixtures. We demonstrated that elevated seawater pCO2 significantly interfered with fertilization and larval development and resulted in an increased aberration rate. Fertilization in the treatment (pH 7.6) was 74.3% ± 3.8%, which was 9.7% lower than that in the control (pH 8.3) (84.0% ±3.0%). Hatching success decreased by 23.7%, and aberration rate increased by 30.3% under acidic condition. Larvae in acidified seawater still developed a shell during the post-embryonic phase. However, the shell length and height in the treatment were smaller than those in the control. The development of embryos differed significantly at 12 h after fertilization between the two experimental groups. Embryos developed slower in acidified seawater. Nearly half of the embryos in the control developed into D-shaped larvae at 48 h after fertilization, which were considerably more than those in the treatment (11.7%). Results suggest that future ocean acidification (OA) would cause detrimental effects on the early development of A. irradias. 相似文献
3.
Ocean acidification leads to changes in physiological and immune responses of bivalves, but the eff ect on the immune enzyme activities of the Manila clam, R uditapes philippinarum, when the pH is lower than the normal value has not been studied in detail. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine how pH(7.4, 7.7, 8.0) affects the immune enzyme activities in the gill and hemocytes of the Manila clam. Membrane stability and phagocytosis increased with decrease of pH from 8.0 to 7.7 and then decreased at pH 7.4. The total protein content in the hemocytes and gills decreased with decreasing pH. Lysozyme content in the hemocytes increased with decreasing pH, and the diff erences were significant among the different pH groups(P 0.05). Adenosine triphosphatase activity at pH 7.4 was significantly higher than in the other two groups, but no significant diff erence was observed between pH 7.7 and 8.0. Catalase activity decreased from pH 8.0 to 7.7 and then increased at pH 7.4, and the dif ferences were significant among the experimental groups( P 0.05). These findings provide valuable information about the immune response of R. philippinarum to reduced water pH and insights for future research investigating exposure of bivalves to elevated CO_2 conditions. 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(2)
Considering the continuous exploitation of marine resources,it is very important to study the anticorrosion performance and durability of zinc coated streel(ZCS) because its increasing use as reinforcements in seawater.Tafel polarization curves and linear polarization curves combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were employed to evaluate the corrosion performance of ZCS at Qingdao test station during long-term immersion in seawater.The results indicated that the corrosion rate of the ZCS increased obviously with immersion time in seawater.The corrosion products that formed on the zinc coated steel were loose and porous,and were mainly composed of Zn_5(OH)_8Cl_2,Zns(OH)_6(CO_3)_2,and ZnO.Pitting corrosion occurred on the steel surface in neutral seawater,and the rate of ZCS corrosion decreased with increasing pH. 相似文献
5.
《山地科学学报》2017,(1)
Abies fabri is a typical subalpine dark coniferous forest in southwestern China. Air temperature increases more at high elevation areas than that at low elevation areas in mountainous regions,and climate change ratio is also uneven in different seasons. Carbon gain and the response of water use efficiency(WUE) to annual and seasonal increases in temperature with or without CO_2 fertilization were simulated in Abies fabri using the atmospheric-vegetation interaction model(AVIM2). Four future climate scenarios(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) were selectively investigated. The results showed that warmer temperatures have negative effects on gross primary production(GPP) and net primary production(NPP) in growing seasons and positive effects in dormant seasons due to the variation in the leaf area index. Warmer temperatures tend to generate lower canopy WUE and higher ecosystem WUE in Abies fabri. However,warmer temperature together with rising CO_2 concentrations significantlyincrease the GPP and NPP in both growing and dormant seasons and enhance WUE in annual and dormant seasons because of the higher leaf area index(LAI) and soil temperature. The comparison of the simulated results with and without CO_2 fertilization shows that CO_2 has the potential to partially alleviate the adverse effects of climate warming on carbon gain and WUE in subalpine coniferous forests. 相似文献
6.
unODUcrIONIntereStinthecarboncycehasinamsedbouseoftheobservedincreaseinatmosphericCO,leveIsduetothebumingoffossilfuelandthedearingofforestsre-sultinginlargedhaticandbiogeochdrica1consequenas(ChenandDrake,l986).Experi-mentalstudisofp1antShaveshownresponsesoftypically2O%-4O%highergroWthunderdoubledCo,conditions.Ontheotherhand,theeffedofelevatalCO=conditionsinincreasinggroWth,knownastheCO,fertilimtioneffed,isnotbe1ievedtobetwortantintheoasns(Schimeletal.,1995).Althoughithasbeensuggestedt… 相似文献
7.
KINETICS OF LEAD ADSORPTION BY XIAMEN BAY SEDIMENTS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The kinetics of Pb adsorption in seawater by surface sediments from Xiamen Bay was simulated and the effects of seawater conditions were studied . When water temperature changed from 20 to 30℃, pH from 5 to 8 and salinity from 30 to 4 . the adsorption rate increased by about 50% , one order of magnitude and 5 times, respectively . A negative exponential relation between the adsorption rate and salinity has been found . The adsorption processes can be simulated by the exchange- equilibrium kinetic model . Adsorption rate constant, apparent activation energy and equilibrium adsorptive capacity have been quantitatively determined . The adsorption of Pb by sediments is essentially a chemical action . 相似文献
8.
We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) and blood cockle(Arca inflata Reeve).The larvae were reared at pH 8.2(control),7.9,7.6,or 7.3beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization.Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species.Compared with the control,larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3.Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3.However,when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization,shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3.Thus,the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions.Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves.Although the effects appear subtle,they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development. 相似文献
9.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｉｏｇｅｎｉｃｓｕｌｆｉｄｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｓｕｌｆａｔｅｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｓｉｎａｎｏｘｉｃｍａｒｉｎｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｉｎｃｏｎｆｉｎｉｎｇｂａｙｓ,ｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄｅｓｔｕａｒｉｅｓａｎｄａｑｕａｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｒ ｅａｓ.Ｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｕｓｕａｌｌｙｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓｗｏｒｓｅｎｅｄｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ.… 相似文献
10.
We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） and blood cockle （Arca inflata Reeve）. The larvae were reared at pH 8.2 （control）, 7.9, 7.6, or 7.3 beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization. Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species. Compared with the control, larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3. Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3. However, when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization, shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3. Thus, the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions. Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves. Although the effects appear subtle, they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development. 相似文献
11.
INTRODUCTIONBesidesprotectivecoatingandcathodicprotectionmethodsagainstcorrosionoflowalloysteelconstructuresinmarineenvironment,itisalsoimportanttoimprovethecorrosionresistanceofthelowalloysteelitself.Therearefewreportsontherelationshipofalloyelementandthecorrosionre sistanceofsteel .Larrabee (1 958)’s 5-9yearsseaexperimentusinglong scalesteelshowedthatthecorrosionresistanceof 0 .5%Ni-0 .5%Cu -0 .1 %Psteelwasthehighestinthesplashzone .HouandZhang (1 980 )consideredthataproperrelationshi… 相似文献
12.
ＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＶＥＴＥＮＤＥＮＣＹＯＦＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＩＮＬＩＭＥＳＴＯＮＥＳＯＩＬＳＩＮＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＣＨＩＮＡＷｅｎＹａｎｍａｏ（温琰茂）；ＺｅｎｇＳｈｕｉｑｕａｎ（曾水泉）；ＰａｎＳｈｕｒｏｎｇ（潘树荣）；Ｌｕｏ... 相似文献
13.
五龙背热矿泉水为高氟热水,除含有通常的地下水常规组分外,还含有F~-、SiO_2等特殊组分,水质类型为重碳酸钠型。气体成分有CO_2、O_2、N_2,其体积百分含量比仍在大气降水含量比范围内。地下热水中的F~-、Na~+、SiO_2、CO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-)、pH值、矿化度等与水温呈正相关;Ca~(2+)、Mg(2+)、HCO_3~-以及硬度与水温呈负相关。地下热水化学组分主要来源于围岩,即地下热水对围岩的溶解、水解、溶滤作用,使围岩化学组分进入地下热水中所致。在不同的温度条件下,或地下热水形成的不同阶段,存在着不同的水化学平衡。F~-、SiO_2可作为五龙背热矿泉型地下热水的水化学标志。 相似文献
14.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND Ca^2＋ ON THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DECAPODA CRUSTACEAN ： ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With increasing demand in China for the mitten crab larvae, understanding its survival mechanism gets more important. This research focused on the effects of temperature and Ca^2 on the larval growth and development. Eriocheir sinensis larvae were reared in laboratory under 21 different combinations of temperature (15, 20, 25℃) and Ca^2 content (120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180mg/l) and constant salinity (20) and pH (8), The results suggested that the survival rate increases with temperature and Ca^2 content. These combinations of temperature and Ca2 content maximized survival rate inour study and it may be the optimum water environmental conditions for culturing the larvae. To predict surviving larvae number under different water environmental conditions, 21 dynamic mathematical models were developed. This for the first time observation of the zoeal Ⅵ larvae of the Changjiang River E.sinensis population showed that they occurred under stressed water environmental conditions: temperature of 15℃ and Ca^2 content of 120,130mg/l. 相似文献
15.
We studied the effect of pH(pH 5, 6, 7 and 8) on the hatching percentage, survival and reproduction of Artemia strains in Bohai Bay salt ponds. Strains included parthenogenetic Artemia from Bohai Bay(BHB), Artemia franciscana from San Francisco Bay, and A. franciscana artifi cially produced in salt ponds in Vietnam. The latter was included as a potential inoculum for biological management of salt ponds. The hatching percentage of cysts after 24 h and the survival rate of the tested Artemia strains were signifi cantly reduced when exposed to a culture medium at pH 5 for 18 d( P 0.05). The tolerance of Artemia to 48 h acid exposure varied with developmental stage, increasing in the following order: juvenile, nauplii, pre-adult, with maximum tolerance in adults. All strains of Artemia tested could not reproduce at pH 5. At pH levels from pH 6–8, a higher pH generally resulted in a shorter brood interval and enhanced ovoviviparity. Hence, we suggest that brine acidifi cation has a negative impact on Artemia populations in the Bohai Bay saltworks. Inoculation of Artemia with either local parthenogenetic Artemia or exotic A. franciscana should be feasible at pH 7–8. 相似文献
16.
Responses of marine-derived Trichoderma fungi to seawater and their potential antagonistic behaviour
To explore the metabolic responses of marine-derived Trichoderma fungi to environmental stresses, the survivability, metabolism, and antagonism of ten marine isolates have been examined. Their survival in both freshwater and seawater indicates them to be facultative marine fungi, but they are more adaptable to marine environment. Most of them feature strain-specific and positive metabolic responses to seawater, which also usually result in the higher proportions of heteroatom-bearing and unsaturated units in mycelial constituents. Seawater factors can promote many strains to produce bioactive metabolites,including plant pathogen-and marine phytoplankton-inhibitory and marine animal-toxic ones, but the ef fects of NaCl are often weak or negative. The inhibition of marine phytoplankton corresponds to the intracellular accumulation of heteroatom-bearing and unsaturated units under seawater condition, and the varied toxicities to marine animals further signify the divergences of lipophilic exudates under dif ferent conditions. The results may contribute to further understanding and mining the structural diversity and biological activity of secondary metabolites from marine-derived Trichoderma fungi. 相似文献
17.
The Henry’s Law constant (k) for phosphine in seawater was determined by multiple phase equilibration combined with headspace gas chromatography. The effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on k were studied. The k value for phosphine in natural seawater was 6.415 at room temperature (approximately 23°C). This value increases with increases in temperature and salinity, but no obvious change was observed at different pH levels. At the same temperature, there was no significant difference between the k for phosphine in natural seawater and that in artificial seawater. This implies that temperature and salinity are major determining factors for k in marine environment. Double linear regression with Henry’s Law constants for phosphine as a function of temperature and salinity confirmed our observations. These results provide a basis for the measurement of trace phosphine concentrations in seawater, and will be helpful for future research on the status of phosphine in the oceanic biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus. 相似文献
18.
Sperm motility is important in reproductive biology. To understand the physiological ecology characteristics of sperm of Sepiella maindroni, we studied the activation rate, active time, and lifespan of sperm to evaluate the influence of external factors, including temperature, salinity, pH, glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, EDTA-2Na and artificial seawater on sperm motility. The results show that the appropriate activation and motility condition for sperm were: temperature 20?30°C (optimum 25°C), salinity 10.6?30.6 (optimum 15.9) and pH 8.0?8.6 (optimum 8.0-8.4). Sperm activity varied in different concentrations of glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. None of the selected concentrations of EDTA-2Na solution could activate the sperm. The activation rate in artificial seawater devoid of Ca2+, Mg2+ or HCO3ˉ was low. The results should help further studies on the preservation and activation of squid sperm. 相似文献
19.
20.
采用室内水泥池及活饵培育配套技术进行尖吻鲈苗种阶段工厂化育苗。投放刚孵化出膜的仔鱼１６０万尾,经室内池８ｄ的培育,成活率为９０％;经１３ｄ的培育其规格超过１ｃｍ,成活率为５６．９％;经２４ｄ的培育平均规格达２ｃｍ左右,平均成活率为５０％,共育出８０万尾。苗种生长快,体质健壮,成活率高。关键技术是：基础设施配套;采用不同活饵,做到适口、及时转化、足量;定期过筛分级培育;水质控制良好;注意防病。２ｃｍ以上鱼种阶段采用多种方式培育,经１５～２０ｄ的饲养,规格达３～４ｃｍ,平均成活率为６５％～７５％。 相似文献